[St. Laurence Church, Jewry.] Loo, 1623. He next commanded against Christian, king of Denmark, who sought to aid the German protestants. Tilly out-manoeuvred and defeated him. When Gustavus Adolphus interfered in the war, Tilly was chosen to oppose the Swedish hero. He was now field-marshal, and commander-in-chief of the imperial forces. The first event of this part of the thirty years' war was the siege and capture of the city of Magdeburg by Tilly, 1631. The cruelty of the imperialist army on this occasion excited the deepest horror even in an age and country accustomed to military atrocities. Tilly himself wrote to the emperor that no such spectacle as that of the ruin of Magdeburg had been witnessed on earth, since the captures of Troy and Jerusalem. In the autumn of the same year Tilly met Gustavus Adolphus at Leipzig, and was utterly defeated, though he effected a soldierly retreat with part of his army. He was again beaten by the Swedish king at the passage of the river Lech, in 1632. Tilly was wounded in this battle, and died on the following day. He is said to have been personally of austere and pure character, despising all sensual enjoyments, and indifferent to wealth and honors. But the cruelties which he permitted his troops to exercise upon the unoffending inhabitants of the countries which were the scenes of his campaigns, show the frightful effects of military fanaticism combined with religious bigotry, even in a commander, who himself takes no part in the licerise and the violence which he sanctions. [E.S.C.] TILLY, ALEXANDER DE, Count, was descended from an ancient family in Normandy, and born in 1754. He entered young into the army, and was a zealous royalist from the commencement of the French revolution. In 1792 he exerted his best abilities in defence of Louis XVI., subsequently emigrated, returned with the Bourbons in 1814, was compelled to leave France again on Buonaparte's escape from Elba, and put an end to his own existence at Brussels, in 1816. He was the author of some spirited political essays, 'Euvres mêlées,' ' De la Révolution Française en 1794,' &c. himself by adopting the principles of passive obedience, and yet he became himself not long after, one of the most active enemies of the Stuart dynasty by promoting the revolution. The important services he rendered to the cause of the prince of Orange, were rewarded on William III. being established on the British throne, by promotion first to the deanery of St. Paul's, and not long after by his elevation in 1691 to the archiepiscopal see of Canterbury. He had enjoyed that high dignity only three years, when his useful career was brought to a premature end by death. Tillotson was the popular preacher of his day, and in so great estimation were his discourses held, that even in that age, the copy- TILLY, Lieutenant-general the Count De, was right, though it was a posthumous publication, was also a native of Normandy, but of a different family sold for 2,500 guineas. Tillotson adopted a mode- from the preceding. Becoming a partisan of the rate Arminianism, and his discourses are according- revolution, he was made a colonel of cavalry in ly devoted to the inculcation chiefly of the practical 1792: was sent, in 1793, to oppose the Vendeans, precepts of the gospel. In private life the arch- over whom he gained some advantages; subsequentbishop was plain and unostentatious, kind to his rela-ly commanded the army of the Sambre and Meuse; tives and charitable to the poor, liberal in his senti- and was governor of Brussels, in 1796. He served ments towards dissenters, and exercised the very ex- in Austria, Prussia, Poland, and Spain, under the tensive influence which his character as well as his imperial government; and having accepted an ap office procured him in doing good to all without re-pointment during the hundred days, was not emgard to rank or sectarian distinctions; 1630-1694. ployed after the second restoration of the Bourbons. TILLY, JOHN TSERCLES, Count of Tilly, was born Died 1822. at the castle of Tilly, in South Brabant, in 1559. He joined the order of Jesuits in youth; but soon left the ecclesiastical for the military profession. He first entered the Spanish army, and served for several years under Alva, and the other Spanish commanders in the Netherlands. About 1599 he entered the service of the Austrian emperor, Rudolf, and distinguished himself greatly in several campaigns against the Turks and the Hungarians. then re-organized and commanded the army of the duke of Bavaria, and was also appointed generalis-erals and patriots, if not the ideal of the Grecian simo of the forces of the Roman Catholic league in Germany. In the beginning of the Thirty years' war, Tilly subjugated Bohemia by the single great battle of the White Hill (1620). He then conquered the Palatinate of the Rhine, defeating decisively the protestant troops in the three days' battle of Stadt He TIMEUS, a Pythagorean philosopher, called the Locrian,' from his birth-place; known as the instructor of Plato, and highly eulogized by him. A Greek historian, of the same name, lived about 350 B.C. A third TIMEUS was a sophist of the third century of our era, and author of a Dictionary of Platonic phrases. TIMANTHES, a Greek painter, 400 B.C. hero, was born in Corinth about 410 B.C. His first tives were not understood, was execrated for his share in this tragedy, and his existence became so burdensome that he meditated self-destruction, and retired altogether from public life: the affecting narrative may be read in Plutarch. After a lapse of twenty years, 343 B.C., he was recalled by the Corinthians, and sent to the aid of the Syracusans, then suffering from the despotism of the younger Dionysius. In this expedition, success attended upon success until all Sicily was redeemed from the cruel slavery to which it had been brought, and Syracuse became the seat of a republican freedom which linked in one brotherhood all the cities that had suffered from the petty tyrants who oppressed them: the Carthaginians were also expelled, and their army of 70,000 men, led by Hamilcar and Hasdrubal, defeated by a mere handful of patriots under Timoleon. It is the conduct of the deliverer after these victories that must decide his character, and to him belongs the rare virtue of abdicating a power which he still virtually exercised as a private citizen. Forty thousand Greeks flying before the sword of Philip, the father of Alexander, were glad to accept the new home offered to them in the devastated cities of Sicily; and Timoleon, having organized the states, retired to private life, but always attended the deliberations of the people. In his latter years he went to their assemblies in a chariot, from which he also addressed them on account of his blindness: it was his highest joy that he had secured to the Syracusans perfect freedom of opinion, and the impartial operation of the laws. He was so highly honored, that his birth-day was kept as a public festival; and when he died, B.C. 337, he was buried with great magnificence at the public cost. The value of his life was soon after proved by the anarchy which began to spread, and the unruly spirits which obtained the supremacy in Syracuse. [E.R.] TIMOMACHUS, a Greek painter, about 300 B.C. TIMON, a Greek poet, and disciple in philosophy of Pyrrho, B.C. 270. TIMON, the Misanthrope, was born near Athens, B.C. 420. It is related of him that he took a great pleasure in Alcibiades; and being asked the reason, said, because I foresee that he will one day be the ruin of the Athenians.' TIMON, E., a Greek physician, last century. TIMON, S., a famous Hungarian Jesuit, historian, and antiquary, 1675-1736. TIMOPHÄNES, a tyrant of Corinth, who was assassinated B.C. 365. See TIMOLEON. TIMOTHEUS, a Greek poet and musician, unrivalled in his age, 6th century B.C. He excelled in lyrical composition, and was a skilful performer on the cithara, or harp, which he improved by the addition of two chords. TIMOTHEUS, called of Thebes,' a celebrated musician, time of Alexander the Great. TIMOTHEUS, an Athenian general, who took a distinguished part in the social wars, and was condemned for avoiding a naval conflict, B.C. 358. TIMUR. See TAMERLANE. TINDAL, MATTHEW, one of the successors of Toland and Shaftesbury in the School of English Deists or Freethinkers, was born at Beer Ferrers in De'vonshire about 1657, and was admitted doctor of laws at Oxford in 1685. He retained his fellowship during the reign of James II. by professing the Roman Catholic faith; he afterwards recanted, however, and adopting revolutionary principles, went to the other extreme, and wrote against the Nonjurors. He now became an advocate, and sat as judge in the 6 court of delegates, with a pension from the crown of £200 per annum. Some time afterwards, considerble attention was drawn to him, by his work, entitled 'The Rights of the Christian Church' and the ensuing controversy; but the production which has rendered his name a memorable one was his ‘Christianity as Old as the Creation,' which appeared in 1730, and provoked replies from Dr. Warburton, Leland, Foster, and Conybeare. Dr. Middleton endeavored to take a middle course in this controversy, as may be seen in that article, but the most effective answer, though its very existence seems to have been forgotten, was that embodied in the Appeal' of William Law, published 1740. Tindal's line of argument was mainly coincident with Shaftesbury's, that the immutable principles of faith and duty must be found within the breast, and that no external revelation can have any authority equal to the internal; this he supported by much learning and show of argument, which Warburton thought he had replied to by the mass of learned evidence contained in his Legation.' William Law, making no account of literary evidence, replied by his masterly development of the philosophy of the fall and final recovery of mankind; a book remarkable for close argument and for its many fine illustrations, but now obsolete in certain fundamental principles. Tindal died in 1733, and was interred in Clerkenwell church, near the remains of Bishop Burnet. [E.R.] TINDAL, NICHOLAS, nephew of the preceding, chiefly known by his translation and continuation of Rapin's History of England, 1687–1774. TINDAL, SIR NICHOLAS CONYNGHAM, lord chief justice of the court of common pleas, was born in 1777, educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, and having become a student of Lincoln's Inn, he commenced practice as a special pleader, and in 1809 was called to the bar. He entered parliament in 1824, as member for the Wigton district of burghs; and in 1826 he was made solicitor-general, and knighted. When Sir John Copley, who had represented the university of Cambridge, was raised to the office of lord chancellor, in 1827, Sir Nicholas Tindal contested with Mr. Bankes the honor of representing his alma mater, and was returned by a considerable majority. Two years afterwards he was promoted to the chief justiceship, which position he occupied till his death. Died July 6, 1846, in the 70th year of his age. TINDAL, WILLIAM. See TYNDALE. TINELLI, T., a Venetian painter, 1586-1638. TINGRI, P. F., a French chemist, 1743-1821. TINTORETTO, JACOPO ROBUSTI, called Tintoretto from the circumstance of his father being a dyer, was born at Venice in 1512. He studied only a few days in the studio of Titian, and was then dismissed by that great painter, for what cause is not known. This circumstance had an admirable effect upon him, it made him have more decided recourse to his own resources, and his spirit is well indicated in the words he wrote upon the wall of his room - The drawing of Michelangelo and the coloring of Titian.' He did eventually become the acknowledged rival of Titian in Venice itself; his Miracle of St. Mark, the Miracolo dello Schiavo, his masterpiece, is now in the academy of Venice, and is generally admitted to be one of the finest pictures in Italy: there is a good print of it by J. Matham. He died at Venice in 1594, aged eighty-two. Tintoretto is sometimes called il Furioso, from the extraordinary vigor and rapidity with which he painted; he was bold and grand, but often careless; he is said to have had three pencils, one of gold, one of 'silver, and a third of iron.-(Ridolfi, Le Maraviglie capital, General Harris demanded the cession of. dell' arte, &c.) [R.N.W.] half his dominions, a large payment in money, and TIPHAIGNE DE LA ROCHE, C. F., a French four of his sons, besides four of his principal subjects, physician and man of letters, 1729-1774. as hostages-terms which the sultan rejected, in alternate rage and despair, at being thus bearded in his last stronghold. A breach having been made in the walls, the storming party, of 4,000 men, was led by Sir David Baird on the 4th of May, and Tippoo Saib, resolving not to survive the loss of his kingdom, met the fate of a hero in the thickness of the conflict; his body was found amid heaps of slain, and interred with royal honors in his father's sepulchre, after which the empire of Mysore was dismembered. The reader desirous of further particulars may consult Murray's History of British India in the Edinburgh Cabinet Library, 1832, 2d edition, 1850; or Thornton's History of the British Empire, in India, 1842. For the due appreciation of Tippoo's character, and the correction of some facts, compare the History of Tippoo Sultan, translated from the Persian of Myr Houssein by Colonel Miles,' 1845. [E.R.] [Tippoo Saib.] TIPPOO SAIB, the last sultan of Mysore, was born in 1749, and made his first appearance in the field of Indian warfare at the head of 5,000 horse in 1767. His father was the sultan, Hyder Ali, a soldier of fortune, who constructed his empire out of the dominions of the great Mogul, then falling to ruins. In 1780 the progress of Hyder was arrested by Sir Eyre Coote, under the governinent of Hastings, and the French having joined their forces to those of the sultan, the young Tippoo became acquainted with Lally Tollendal. In December, 1782, the death of his father placed him on the throne of Mysore, and at the head of an army then in the field, of 88,000 men, supported by a sum of three millions sterling in his treasury, besides costly jewels: he continued the war with a zeal far surpassing his father's for Islamism, and in a short time not less than 100,000 persons were forcibly circumcised. In 1784 he concluded an advantageous peace with General Matthews, who surrendered to him the Nugger fort; but in 1786 he took the field again, provoked by a confederacy formed against him in Southern India, of which the Mahrattas were chief: the war on this occasion lasted till 1792, when his late defeats at Travancore and elsewhere compelled him to conclude a peace with the Marquis Cornwallis. The war upon which he had entered, however, was a religious one, and Tippoo was too sincere and courageous to surrender India withont a last struggle to the Christians. It is certain that he entered into an extensive correspondence, which reached as far as Arabia, his purpose being to organize a general confederacy against the English; but it is doubtful whether he made any overtures to the French: the advantage he derived from his former acquaintance with them was realized in the superior discipline of his troops. His purpose was anticipated by the government of India, then under the marquis of Wellesley, who sent an invading army, numbering nearly 40,000 men, into his territories at the Deginning of 1799. On reaching Seringapatam, his TIPTOFT, JOHN, earl of Worcester, a patron of learning in the 15th century, was appointed lorddeputy of Ireland by Henry VI., and afterwards became lord high constable and lord high treasurer. After this he went on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and on his return presented many valuable manuscripts to the university of Oxford. On the temporary reverse of fortune experienced by Edward IV., and the house of York, he was accused of cruelty in his Irish administration, particularly towards two infant sons of the Earl of Desmond, and condemned to lose his head on Tower Hill, which sentence was executed, Oct. 18, 1470. He wrote many works, and was the great patron of Caxton the printer. TIRABOSCHI, GIROLAMO, a famous historian of Italian and Roman literature, was born at Bergamo, in 1731. His chief production is 'The History of Italian Literature.' Died 1794. TIRIN, J., a Flemish Jesuit, 1580-1636. TISCHBEIN, J. A., a German painter and writer, 1720-1784. His brother, JOHN HENRY, founder of a new school similar in character to the Venetian, 1722-1789. J. H. CONRAD, their nephew, a painter and engraver, 1742-1808. J. H. WILLIAM, brother of the latter, known from 1751 to 1803. J. F. AUGUSTUS, a third brother, a painter of portraits, 1750-1812. TISSARD, F., a French savant, died 1508. TISSOT, SIMON ANDREW, an eminent physician and medical writer, was born at Grancy, in the Pays de Vaud, in 1728. He was chiefly distinguished by his successful treatment of the confluent small-pox. He wrote several excellent professional works, was three years medical professor at Pavia, and refused advantageous offers made him by the kings of England and Poland to quit Lausanne, where he died in 1797. His works were collected by himself, and form 10 vols. TITI, R., an Italian poet, 1551-1609. TITI, or TITO, SANTI DI, a distinguished Italian painter and architect, 1538-1603. TITIAN, or TIZIANO VECELLIO, one of the greatest of Italian painters, and the prince of colorists and portrait painters, was born in the territory of Venice at Capo del Cadore in 1477. He studied in the school of the Bellini, first with Gentile and afterwards with Giovanni, with whom he was fellow pa 13, 81, Titus expired, perhaps of poison, and was TIZIANO VECELLI. See TITIAN. TOALDO, J., an Italian astrologer, 1719-1798. TOBIN, A. M. DE, a Sp. painter, 1678-1758. TOBIN, JOHN, a solicitor, born at Salisbury, author of The Honey Moon,' All's Fair for Love,' and several other plays, 1770-1804. JAMES, his brother, a poet, died 1815. pil with Giorgione, his own future rival. Titian and other towns beneath its ashes; in the following first appeared as a great painter at the court of year a fatal epidemic and a fearful conflagration ocAlfonso I., duke of Ferrara, in 1514, when he paint-curred in Rome, and in the next again, September ed the 'Bacchus and Ariadne,' in the National Gallery. Two years later he had attained to the full vigor of his extraordinary powers; in that year he executed his celebrated Assumption of the Virgin,' now in the academy of Venice, and hanging opposite to the Miracolo dello Schiavo by Tintoretto; the merits of both masters are well illustrated by the contrast. In 1528 Titian painted his 'St. Peter Martyr,' in which he has shown himself one of the first of landscape painters, especially of landscapes as an accessory to figures. In 1545 he visited Rome, where he saw Michelangelo; he returned to Venice in the following year. He is supposed also to have visited Spain, but this is doubtful; Spain is, however, extremely rich in the masterpieces of Titian; after Venice, the gallery of the Prado at Madrid gives the greatest display of his powers. It has been assumed that Titian visited Spain partly from the fact of the patent of nobility, granted by Charles V., creating him Count Palatine of the empire, and knight of the order of St. Iago, being dated at Barcelona. This great painter died at Venice of the plague, in 1576, having lived to the extraordinary age of ninety-nine years. To describe fully his masterpieces alone, would occupy a volume; of his scholars, Paris Bordone, Bonifazio Veneziano, Girolamo di Tiziano, and his own son Orazio Vecellio, were able painters (Vasari; Ridolfi; Zanetti, Della Pittura Veneziana, &c.; Cadorin, Della amore ai Venezianai di Tiziano Vecellio; Northcote, Life of Titian, 1830.) [R.N.W.] TITIUS, G. G., a German jurist, 1661-1714. TITON DU TILLET, EVERARD, a master of polite literature and patron of letters, projector of a French Parnassus in honor of Louis XIV., a description of which he published, 1677-1762. TITSINGH, J., a Dutch traveller, 1740-1812. TITTEL, G. A., a Ger. philosopher, died 1816. TITTMANN, JOHN AUGUSTUS HENRY, a German professor of theology, au. of Encyclopâdie der Theologischen Wissenschaften,' 1773-1831. TITUS, a disciple of Paul, and preacher of the Gospel in Dalmatia, 1st century. TITUS LIVIUS. See LIVY. TITUS, FLAVIUS VESPASIANUS, emperor of Rome, was the eldest son of the emperor Vespasian: he was born in the year 40, and educated with Britannicus at the court of Nero: like the latter, he gave way to vices which afforded little promise of a happy reign. From 67 to 70 he was carrying on the war in Judæa, the whole conduct of which devolved upon him on his father's election as emperor. The capture of Jerusalem, on September 2, of the year last mentioned, brought this struggle to a close, after which Vespasian and Titus were both honored with a triumph. It is almost unnecessary to mention that the fullest details of this war, the unparalleled cruelties and sufferings with which it was attended, may be read in Josephus; the episode on the passion of Titus for Berenice will be found in Suetonius. On the death of Vespasian in 79, Titus succeeded as emperor, commencing, by repeated proofs of his reformation, one of the most princely and beneficent reigns in the annals of Rome; for this the wisdom of his father was partly to be thanked, he having associated Titus with him in the empire, and developed the nobler traits of his character by the generous trust reposed in him. In the year of his succession the great eruption of Vesuvius took place, which buried Herculaneum, Stabiæ, Pompeii, TOD, JAMES, a lieutenant-colonel in the service of the East India Company; a thor of Annals of Rajasthan' and 'Travels in Western India,' the lat ter of which was scarcely completed when he died, Nov. 1835. Colonel Tod surveyed Rajpootana, and completed his magnificent map in 1815; and it was by him that the name of Central India was originally given to that important and interesting tract of country. He was a sound scholar; indefatigable in research and enthusiastic in his zeal to benefit the people for whom he labored. TODD, HUGH, vicar of Stanwix, in Cumberland, au. of a 'Description of Sweden,' 1658-1728. TODE, H. J., a German naturalist, 1738-1797. TODE, J. C., a Ger. medical writer, 1736-1805. TOFINO DE SAN MIGUEL, a Spanish astronomer, was born at Carthagena, in 1740; entered the naval service, and became brigadier-general of the marine forces. During the American war he was employed in surveying the Spanish coasts, and died in 1806. He is the author of 'Astronomical Observations made at Cadiz,' and other works. TOINARD, N., a Fr. antiquarian. 1629-1706. TOLAND, JOHN, one of those learned free-thinkers who rendered themselves conspicuous after the publication of Locke's philosophy, was born in Ireland, of Roman Catholic parents, in 1669. As early as his sixteenth year, he shook off the superstitions in which he had been educated, and in consequence of this change, completed his education at Glasgow and Edinburgh, taking the degree of M.A. in the latter university in 1690. At Leyden, where he next passed two years, he made the acquaintance of Leclerc and Leibnitz, and returning to England again, published, in 1695, his 'Christianity not Mysterious.' This work was launched forth in the midst of a controversy concerning Socinian principles-that in which South, Sherlock, Wallis, Howes, Cudworth, and others, took part,and was designed to show that there is nothing in the Gospel contrary to reason, or above it, and that no Christian doctrine can be properly called a mystery.' Attacks were made upon the author from all sides, the grand jury of Middlesex answered his work in a Presentment,' and the Irish Parliament ordered it to be burnt by the hangman. Toland had gone to Dublin to escape the storm raised against him, chiefly by the Dissenters, in London, and he was now compelled to return to avoid a prosecution by the attorney-general of Ireland: thus alienated from all parties he declared himself a Latitudinarian,' though he always professed himself a Christian. His subsequent works were a Life of Milton,' which accompanied an edition of that author's prose works, Amyntor,' 'Origines Judaicæ,''The Philosophy of the Ancients,' 'Hypatia,' Nazarenus,' 'History of the Soul's Immortality among the Heathens,' The Origin and Force of Prejudices,' and numerous political pamphlets. His TOLEDO, F. DE, a Spanish viceroy of Peru, died in prison after his return home, 1581. TOLEDO, J. DE, a Spanish painter, died 1645. TOLEDO, DON P. DE, Spanish viceroy of Naples under Charles V., 1484-1553. PETER, of the same family, ambassador in 1608. 1781, he served the office of moderator. He had been the academical tutor of Mr. Pitt, who, on be coming chancellor of the exchequer, made him his private secretary, gave him the living of Sudbury, and a prebend of Westminster, and, in 1787, raised him to the see of Lincoln; from which, in 1820, he was translated to that of Winchester. In 1799 he published a work, entitled Elements of Christian Theology,' 2 vols.; and in 1812 appeared his Refutation of the Charge of Calvinism against the Church of England.' He also published the 'Life of the Right Hon. William Pitt.' He took the name of Tomline, in consequence of a person, to whom he was almost unknown, having bequeathed him a very considerable fortune on that special condition. TOMLINS, ELIZABETH SOPHIA, a poetess, novelist, and miscellaneous writer, was born in London, 1768. She wrote The Victim of Fancy,' and other novels; Tributes of Affection,' and much fugitive poetry in various periodicals. She also translated the first history of Napoleon Buonaparte that ever appeared in England, and part of Anquetil's Universal History. Died 1828. TOLER, JOHN, Earl of NORBURY, chief justice of the court of common pleas in Ireland, was born in 1745, at Beechwood, in the county of Tipperary. He was called to the bar in 1770; appointed king's counsel in 1781, solicitor-general in 1781, attorney- TOMPKINS, DANL. D., vice-president of the United general in 1798, during which year he was actively States, was born June 21, 1774, and graduated at engaged in the prosecution of the Irish rebels; and Columbia College in 1795. Having studied law, he was advanced to the chief justiceship of the common practised at New York. In the party struggles of pleas in 1800, with the title of lord Norbury. This 1799 he took a prominent part. In 1803 he was high office he retained till 1827, when, on his retire-appointed chief justice of the superior court of New ment, he obtained a pension of 30461., and was advanced to the title of viscount Glandine and earl of Norbury. He died in 1831. He was an able judge; but he was chiefly known from his reputation for wit and drollery, and was consequently compelled to appear as the parent of many an illegitimate pun in the newspapers. It is perfectly true, however, that 'Lord Norbury's jokes' were sprinkled very thickly with his law, and the Dublin court of common pleas was often thronged with idlers attracted by the amusement which was to be found in the sallies of wit and repartee so freely bandied about from judge, counsel, and witnesses. TOLET, F., a Spanish cardinal, 1532-1596. TOLET, F., a French physician, died 1724. TOLET, J., an English cardinal, died 1274. TOLLET, ELIZABETH, an accomplished English lady, author of Poems, 1694-1754. Her nephew, GEORGE TOLLET, author of valuable Notes on Shakspeare, died 1779. York, and, in 1807, he was elected governor. In 1817 he was chosen vice-president of the United States, and retired from public life in 1825, in which year he died. TONDUZZI, J. C., an Ital. historian, 1617-73. TONE, THEOBALD WOLFE, an Irish revolutionary politician, and founder of the Society of United Irishmen,' was born in Dublin, in 1763, and was bred to the bar. In 1790 he published a pamphlet, the object of which was to expose the mismanage ment of the English government regarding Ireland; and, in 1793, he established the society above mentioned. He afterwards became involved in a treasonable correspondence with France, but made a sort of compromise with the English government, and was allowed to withdraw himself. He accordingly came to America in 1795, from whence he proceeded to France in the following year. By his persuasions, the French directory fitted out an expedition, consisting of 17 sail of the line, 13 frigates, &c., with 14,000 troops on board, and upwards of 40,000 stand of arms, besides artillery and warlike stores. Tone was appointed chef de brigade, under General Hoche, the commander-in-chief. They set sail Dec. 15, 1796; but, before they had all reached their TOLLIUS, CORNELIUS, a Dutch philologist, born about 1620, died 1662. His brother, ALEXANDER, also a philologist, died 1675. JAMES, a physician, was born near Utrecht, in 1630. He became professor of eloquence and Greek at Brandenburg, and died in 16936. Among his works are, Epistolæ Iti-destinations (Bantry Bay), a hurricane arose, in connerariæ' and 'Fortuita Sacra.' In this last he evinced an extraordinary degree of credulity, by supposing that the secret of the philosopher's stone was concealed under the mythology of paganism. TOLOMEI, J. B., an Italian Jesuit, cardinal, and statesman, 1655-1726. NICHOLAS, of the same family, a Jesuit and ecclesiastical writer, 1699-1774. TOLOMMEI, CLAUDIO, an Italian master and promoter of polite literature, 1492–1555. sequence of which three ships of the line and a frigate only remained together. This bold attempt being. thus frustrated by the elements, the scattered ships made the best of their way back to France, and Tone was foiled in all his future endeavors to persuade the French government to undertake another expedition on a large scale. But he still persevered in those plans which he conceived would lead to a separation of Ireland from Great Britain; and he at length embarked in one of those petty armaments, the inetciency of which, he thought, perhaps, might be remedied by his own courage and experience. He was TOMBES, J., a nonconformist divine, 1603-1676. taken prisoner in the Hoche, after fighting braveTOMLINE, GEORGE, an eminent English prelate, ly in a desperate action, was tried by a military whose family name was Prettyman, was born at commission, and sentenced to be hanged. The exBury St. Edmund's, in Suffolk, in 1750. He was ecution of his sentence, however, he avoided, by cutsenior wrangler at Cambridge, in 1772; and hav-ting his own throat in prison, Nov. 19, 1798. ing been chosen a fellow of Pembroke College in TONSTALL. See TUNSTALL. TOMASELLI, J., an Ital. naturalist, 1733-1818. TOMASINI, GIACOMO FILIPPO, bishop of Citta Naova, a biographical writer, 1597–1654. |