necticut board of correspondents was here produced, and the Scotch society, believing Wheelock's school "to be the best and the only means of evangelizing Indians at the time," at its quarterly meeting (June 4) received Whitaker's memorial, which it caused to be printed and circulated, with an official indorsement by the Marquis of Lothian, its president, to all the ministers in Scotland, entreating them to take the most proper methods of obtaining contributions, to be lodged in the hands of the society," for carrying on this great and godlike design." The moneys, according to the terms upon which Whitaker solicited them, were to be applied "towards building and endowing an Indian academy for clothing, boarding, maintaining, and educating such Indians as are designed for missionaries and schoolmasters, and for maintaining those who are, or hereafter shall be, employed on this glorious errand." Important results depended in later years upon a critical construction of this phraseology.

The University of Edinburgh conferred the degree of Doctor of Divinity upon Wheelock, June 29, 1767, and Whitaker received a like distinction from St. Andrews.

On the 15th of July Whitaker and Occom went over into Ireland, expecting to be absent about two months, and to meet the synod in session. On landing (July 19), they learned that the synod had adjourned in June; and finding a Mr. Edwards there collecting for a Baptist college to be set up in Rhode Island, they thought it best to leave that field till another time, and to return to the canvass in England, of which country two thirds remained as yet unvisited.

By the last of December they were again in London, having secured in all over eleven thousand pounds,- nearly £9,000 in England, and £2,529 in Scotland, and began to arrange for a homeward journey in the spring. They sailed in April, 1768, and arrived home June 6, after a voyage of eight weeks and an absence from home of two years and a half.1 Before their departure the Earl of Dartmouth caused Mr. Whitaker's portrait to be painted (probably by Chamberlain) and presented to him. This fine portrait, by the courtesy of Mr.

1 Miss Caulkins, in her History of Norwich (p. 296), asserts that in consequence of the disagreement between Whitaker and Occom, they did not return together, though both returned in 1768.

Whitaker's grandchildren, adorns the College gallery.1 Prints now in existence indicate that Occom's portrait was also painted; but the original is not preserved, so far as we know.

1 Nathaniel Whitaker was born on Long Island, Feb. 22, 1732, and graduated at Princeton College, 1752. After studying for the ministry, he was first settled as pastor of the Presbyterian church at Woodbridge, N. J., until 1759. From April, 1760, to 1769 he was pastor of the Chelsea parish in Norwich, Conn., and then, until February, 1784, was settled over the Tabernacle Church at Salem, Mass. During all this time he was certainly one of the most eminent and influential of the New England clergy. He was a bold and uncompromising champion of the rights of the Colonies. Some of his scathing pulpit utterances against Toryism were published in pamphlet. In the winter of 1777-gentlemen of Salem having subscribed for the purpose £500- he erected works and engaged in the manufacture of saltpetre for the good of the State. He removed, in August, 1784, to a pastorate in the Plantation of Canaan (now Skowhegan), Maine, where, in January, 1785, he formed a church of twenty-two members, the first in Somerset County. Here he exercised for a time large influence as the most learned and ablest Presbyterian clergyman in the county. His salary was £80 a year in produce, and twenty cords of wood. From Canaan he was dismissed In 1790, and removed to Taunton, Mass.; his church at the same time withdrawing from the Presbyterian order. He died Jan. 21, 1795, Miss Caulkins says, at the South and in poverty. He was a handsome man, of gentlemanly manners, six feet in height. All accounts agree that he had an attractive presence and great versatility. At Skowhegan, in 1788, he personally directed the framing of the most difficult parts of the meeting-house, and with his own hands made several articles of household furniture, which were carefully preserved in the parish for several generations. During his pastorate in Norwich he engaged also in trade, and was charged with an attempt to monopolize the vending of wines, raisins, etc., in his society. He had the misfortune in all his pastorates to be involved in contentions, and to leave an unfavorable reputation behind. Miss Caulkins calls him "a worldly man, and frequently irregular ;" and the historian of Skowhegan paints his character in still darker hues, -as "void of principle," etc. He was unfortunate in his family, all his sons but one dying young. His daughter married in Norridgewock. (See History of Norwich, by Miss F. M. Caulkins, 1845, p. 296; Felt's Annals of Salem; History of Skowhegan, by J. W. Hanson, 1849. See also Sprague's Annals, i. 299, note, which is, however, strangely in error as to his college connection and some other points.) Whitefield, notwithstanding his criticisms above quoted, maintained a friendly correspondence with him, which is said to be still in existence, and visited him familiarly at his house in Salem, to confer about Wheelock's affairs, only a few days before his (Whitefield's) death, in September, 1770.

Occom, after returning from England, went back to his work among the Indians, having his home at Mohegan. In 1786 he removed with a part of the tribe to Brotherton, N. Y., where the Oneidas gave them a tract of land. He died at New Stockbridge July 14, 1792. Occom never visited Hanover. Indeed, he cherished the same jealousy of the new College that afflicted the English trustees. He was supported in large part for some years by the generosity of Mr. Thornton. “I have to thank you," writes Thornton to Wheelock, June, 1770, "for the care you have taken of Mr. Occom. I own I have a sincere value for him, and think it very hard that he should suffer for the great service he has been of to the trust, who, I hope, will encourage him to go on in the work with cheerfulness, as there may be occa

The bulk of the English funds was invested by the trustees in Three per Cent Annuities. Those in Scotland were placed at four per cent. A full list of the donations was published in London in the "Narrative" for 1769, and has lately been reprinted in an appendix to Mr. Smith's "History of Dartmouth College." Besides other things sent over from England were, in 1769, a clock, which Wheelock by his will gave to his successor as an official heirloom (but which has since passed out of knowledge), and a coach which, on a hint of his infirmities conveyed through Whitefield, was generously given to Wheelock by Thornton. Whitefield wrote (April 20, 1769): “As I find your old bones, like mine, demand an easy carriage, good Mr. Thornton, on the bare mentioning it, hath also further commissioned me to furnish you with one. This will be done with all expedition. Ere long, chariots and horsemen will come to carry us where the wicked cease from troubling, and the weary are at rest.' Till then may we work to the very stumps."

The expedition certainly resulted in a remarkable success; but we are forced to infer, from certain hints to be found in the correspondence, that with greater prudence on the part of Dr. Whitaker even more might have been done. Whitefield wrote (Feb. 9, 1767): "Mr. Whitaker is unpolished and forward; but as he hath a set of good counsellors, he will get through very well. He is somewhat improved since his arrival. He is certainly very indefatigable. Occom attracts the approbation of all. He really behaves well; only I wish his continuance in England may not spoil him for the wilderness." Mr. Keen also commended Occom as a "plain, honest-hearted man, who is well received wherever he goes." Thornton's letters give us hints of friction between the envoys, in which his sympathies were with Occom, as being hardly used. "Pray look to his case and Mr. Whitaker's," he writes some years later, "and see who was benefited; and yet Mr. Occom was the instrument under God that was the means of collecting all the money. Had the Doctor come without him, the disgrace would have all fell to his share, whereas poor Occom proved the scapegoat." Dr. Whitaker, though often cautioned, alienated many friends by sion; and I think you may rely on there appearing whatever you see fitting to ad. vance him, in whatever shape you think most eligible." (See Memoirs of Wheelock; Dwight's Travels, ii. 168-174; Sprague's Annals, iii. 194)