steep hills on each side of the river are richly wooded; and down the stream, seen through the noble arch that remains, the Hermitage of St. Casciano rising among the woods, is an object of singular beauty. Narni is finely situated on a hill commanding an extensive view of the Valley of the Nera, bounded in the distance by the Apennines. Near the town, the passes through a deep fissure in the rock, the sides of which, in many places, have been excavated, and the cells thus formed are inhabited. The old towers and walls of Narni are highly picturesque, and come admirably into view on leaving it to proceed towards Otricoli.

The route now varies in character; the prospect is extensive towards the south; the olive-grounds are more numerous; and from some high ground before reaching Otricoli, the Tiber is seen winding its course towards Rome. The prospect has a vast extent; the old town is seen on a hill with a few towers and religious houses, and here the first view of Mont Soracte, rising above the Campagna, is obtained. Beyond Otricoli, the scenes, though often beautiful, are less rich than on the confines of Tuscany. Before reaching Borghetto, the Tiber is crossed over a fine bridge built by Augustus, whose numerous structures of this class certainly entitled him to the distinction of Pontifex Maximus, which was assumed, and is still borne, by the priest-sovereigns of the "eternal city": but though a pope cannot boast of building this bridge, he does most pompously of repairing it; and many inscriptions indicate that Sistus V. restored this fine work. Borghetto is a wretched place—an epithet that will apply with justice to nearly all the towns and villages in his Holiness's territory. Situated amidst the finest scenes, the heart sickens in looking upon the degraded state of man under the curse of a government which paralyses his energies.

On approaching Civita Castellana, the deep ravine is observed through which a tributary to the Tiber flows. This gorge is crossed by a stupendous bridge, which Simond states is raised 250 feet above the stream. The effect of entering this place over the fearful depths of the ravine, and under the dark walls of the town, is impressive, and excites emotions of which description would fail to give the least idea. The sketch-book of travellers in Italy teem with the materials for landscape furnished at Civita Castellana. Its towers, convents, and fortress, the palace raised by Pope Alexander VI., now a stateprison, its wall and aqueduct, the precipices overhanging its deep ravines, the Campagna, and proximate Mont Soracte, afford endless combinations; and the inns, La Posta, and the Croce Bianca, may be endured for the pleasure of a short stay in so picturesque a spot.

From Civita Castellana, the Flaminian Way continues its course to the Milvian Bridge, near Rome, passing through Riguano and Prima Porta. Until within these sixty years, it was the chief road to Rome from Civita Castellana; about that time the new branch to join the road from Viterbo to Rome, now generally followed, was made by order of Pius VI.

Nepi is a miserable, though a picturesque place, but its dark walls, towers, and fort, over-hanging a deep ravine, across which there is an ancient aqueduct, which still conveys water to the town, shew that its

former Importance must have been considerable. Though much of the country now passed through is uncultivated, it varies in hill and dell, rocks and underwood; and is often beautiful for the colours, as well as the forms of its objects. Mont Soracte is a striking feature here, from its proximity to the route, as it rises magnificently above the intervening Campagna. This character of the country continues to Monterosi, near to which the two roads from Florence to Rome, by Sienna and by Perugia, unite.

'If circumstances should oblige the traveller to rest at Monterosi or at Baccano, let him decide in favour of the best of the bad, and stay at Monterosi: the accommodations at either are what Colman calls "much of a muchness;" but Monterosi has the advantage in point of salubrity. Baccano is situated in a hollow, near a little, foul, sulphureous pool, whose fetid odours infest the spot, and curse it with malaria. Soon after leaving Baccano, from some high ground, Rome, in the distance, presents itself, and seems to every traveller who sees it for the first time, to have been the sole object of his journey. The intense anxiety with which this speck in the Campagna is sought for from this point, and the feelings to which its discovery gives rise, belong to that class which cannot be suppressed or affected, but by those who do not deserve to enjoy them.

But even the appearance of St. Peters, and the excitement which it raises, cannot subdue the painful contemplation of the desolate Campagna: the eye stretches over a scene of varied undulation to the distant Alban hills. Of pines, ilexes, underwood, broom, and rank grass, there are enough to shew that the withering spirit of the Campagna does not extend to its vegetation. Even the herds of buffaloes do not appear to be cursed with the malaria; it blights only the energies of man, and marks, as with an awful retribution, the successors of that empire which oppressed, like an incubus, the world it conquered.

Here and there remains of fortified houses, and castles of the middle ages, are seen; but deserted and worthless, except for a place in the sketch book of the artist. The appearance of individual and social misery has accompanied the traveller ever since his entry into the states of St. Peter; even through the beautiful valleys of the Topino, the Clitumnus, and the Nera. Nothing flourishes but the Church, the convent, and the priest: these rear their heads proudly and unfeelingly amidst the social desolation and wretchedness they have so much aided to produce; and with impious presumption, dare to tell their besotted adherents that the patrimony of St. Peter is under the immediate protection of Heaven!

Through this scene of desolation the road winds and undulates: about three miles from Rome, some ruins are passed, among others those of an ancient tomb, vulgarly reported to be Nero's; but an inscription can yet be traced, which shews it to have been the sepulchre of P. Vibius Marianus. At length the road reaches the yellow Tiber, which is crossed at Ponto Mole, or Milvio, where the great battle was fought between Constantine and Maxentius, in which the latter was drowned, and the former gained an empire. Thence the route approaches the city, passing by numerous deserted villas and houses, and between their walls and gardens, until it arrives at the Porto del

Papuilo, where the passports are demanded; and unless a Lascia Passare, directed by the traveller to await his arrival, be found here, the carriage will be accompanied to the Dogano de Terra for search. On the frontiers of the states, bribery may evade this annoyance, but here such a leave to pass is absolutely necessary to avoid detention and delay. The Piazza del Populo is a striking entrance to Rome. Beyond the obelisk are three streets; the central one, the Strada del Corso, continues direct to the capitol; that on the right, the Strada di Ripetta, leads to the Tiber; and the third on the left, is the Strada del Babuino, leading to the Piazza di Spagna; and towards the Monte Quirinale. In front, the three streets are divided by the churches of St. Maria de Montesanto, between the Babuino and the Corso, and St. Maria di Miracoli, between the Corso and the Ripetta. On the left side of the Piazza del Populo are the terraces leading up to the public gardens on the Monte Pincio.

The best hotels are found in the Piazza di Spagna, where the Europa, or les Isles Britanniques, are usually resorted to, until apartments are hired in the Via Condotti, or some other salubrious situation.' pp. 131-139.

Art. IX. Switzerland. By William Beattie, M.D. Illustrated in a Series of Views, by W. H. Bartlett, Esq. Parts I. to XI. 2s. each. London.

Price

WITH, or perhaps without, the exception of Italy, the land

scape scenery of Switzerland has been more extensively and popularly illustrated than that of any other region of continental Europe. The lithographed drawings of Villeneuve, full of spirit but somewhat mannered, will, we believe, when completed, furnish the most comprehensive series, but its size and expensiveness will prevent its obtaining so large a circulation as its merit would otherwise secure. The subjects are admirably selected, and their management is able and artist-like. The figures are by Victor Adam, the cleverest handler of a small population that we know; and those who would possess the best and fullest exhibition of Swiss landscape, cannot do better than procure the entire work. In our own country, we can, at the present moment, recollect but one completed attempt to effect the same purpose; but, although by no means an uninteresting or unsuccessful effort, it was in all respects inferior to that which we have just described, and its price was such as to compel the proprietors of shallow purses to a prudent abstinence. No such objection, however, can apply to the series now lying before us. The Numbers are really, not relatively, cheap; their execution might well justify a higher charge; and as they necessarily comprise a large division of the entire work, they may be safely taken as a pledge that there shall be no failure in care and elaboration.

The subjects in general are of high interest, and they are sufficiently varied to suit every taste. It would of course be inconvenient to pass through the series as they lie, and it seems invidious to make a selection; yet we venture, without prejudice,' as the lawyers say, to mention two or three, not as being absolutely the best, but as having struck us while looking over the work. Mr. Bartlett's drawing of the Lake of Lungern, must have been a beautiful and expressive work of art, and Mr. Wallis has employed his graver on it with much skill in rendering the reflection of rich scenery in water clear, calm, and deep. The Lake of Lucerne from the Righi, is a wide and misty view of rock, and meer, and distant glaciers, well engraved by Motham. Jeavons has given two good plates of the Jungfrau and Airolo; and the Castle of Chillon is beautifully treated by Wallis, from an effect' by Creswick. Benjamin has supplied some good specimens of mountain scenery; and Woolnoth exhibits his accustomed talent in the Via Mala. Starling has been successful in the view of Martigny, and Hill's Lake of Thun, though rather hard, is creditable to his skill.

Art. X.-The Salvation of Britain introductory to the Conversion of the World. A Discourse delivered before the London Missionary Society, at the Tabernacle, Moorfields, on Wednesday, May 13, 1835. By John Blackburn, Pastor of the Congregational Church, Pentonville. With Notes. 8vo., pp. 86. Price 2s. London, 1835.

IT T requires no small portion of historical and political information, to be able to understand the true moral position of Great Britain at the present moment, and to appreciate the immense responsibilities connected with an empire which throws that of the Roman world into the shade. A steady, patient effort of serious attention can alone enable even a well informed person to obtain a distinct and yet comprehensive idea of the circumstances of our national position-an insignificant Island of the German Sea, the Political Metropolis, the Commercial Centre, the heart of the World; swaying the destinies of more than a sixth portion of the human race, who are actually under the British sceptre, and extending its influence over all the nations of the earth. If Great Britain were truly and thoroughly pervaded with the spirit of Christianity, the conversion of the world would no longer seem a remote or improbable event. The promotion of religion at home, then, must have a tendency to advance that final cause of the mighty ascendancy of commercial influence and political power which has been committed to this nation. God has not dealed so with any people; and never did

a people occupy a position which gave an equal opportunity of becoming the benefactors of all other nations.

This most interesting fact, Mr. Blackburn has made the basis of his instructive and eloquent discourse. In the first place, he assumes, and justifies the assumption, that Divine Providence designs to make this country an instrument of blessing to the heathen. In the second part, he urges the Christian obligations which rise out of our position. It is our duty, then, to seek "the conversion of our countrymen for the sake of the world.

6

The unprecedented connexion which our countrymen sustain by conquest, commerce, or colonization, with remote heathen nations has been already described. Let it be remembered, then, that every British seaman, who touches a heathen port-every British soldier, who guards a heathen fortress-every British merchant, who trades in a heathen bazaar-every British gentleman, who presides in a heathen court, is regarded by the idolaters who surround him as a Christian, because he is a Briton.

Thus, to our countrymen, who occupy stations in the military and civil service, or who are connected with commercial enterprises amongst the African and Asiatic nations; to them I say, has been delegated the task of exhibiting, to the tribes of Africa and the East the Christianity of Europe. How imperfect that representation has been, you must well understand. The melancholy discrepancy between the sacred books, and the personal characters of English residents has often excited the surprise and the disgust of the more thoughtful heathen. The utter want of conformity to the spirit of Christianity, in its professed disciples, has been a fearful hinderance to the successful prosecution of missionary labours in various parts of our colonial Empire; and the conversion of many of the poor heathen to the Mahometan faith has been ascribed, I fear with too much truth, to the fact, that the votaries of the false prophet have, by their good character and conduct, become more attractive to the thoughtful pagans, than our nominal Christians from Europe. Do not missionary records testify, that British seamen have been employed to tempt the inhabitants of the South Sea Islands to abandon Christian temperance, and to renounce the chastity of the Gospel? And have not the British votaries of gold on the shores of Australasia been amongst the most inveterate, and determined, and reckless assailants of our missionary enterprise in that quarter of the globe? Let it be remembered, that the progress of civilization, and the power of conquest, which the heathen witness in our countrymen, naturally invest every one of them with an importance in the eyes of savage and semi-barbarous nations which we cannot estimate. What a Briton approves, they will readily imagine deserves their regard; and what he may condemn, they will with equal readiness neglect and despise.

Now, my hearers, is any thing so likely to raise the character of our representative Christianity abroad, as to improve the state of religion at home? And how strenuous ought to be our efforts, how fervent our prayers, that a Christian influence may be diffused amidst