Second Future, or Future Perfect. Sing. lec-tus (a, um) ero, I shall have been read. Perf. and Pluperf. lec-tum (am, um) esse, to have been read. Perfect, lec-tus, read. PARTICIPLES. In dus (commonly called Future, or Future of Necessity), leg-endus, deserving or requiring to be read. Second Future, or Future Perfect. Sing. aud-itus (a, um) ero, I shall have been heard.. Future, Sing. aud-itor, thou shalt be heard. Plur. aud-iminor, ye shall be heard. aud-itor, he shall be heard. INFINITIVE. Pres. and Imperf. aud-iri, to be heard. aud-iuntor, they shall be, &c. Perf. and Pluperf. aud-itum (am, um) esse, to have been heard. Future, aud-itum iri, to be about to be heard. Perfect, aud-itus, heard. PARTICIPLES. In dus (commonly called Future, or Future of Necessity), aud-iendus, de serving or requiring to be heard. III. DEPONENTS. [§ 159.] With regard to conjugation the deponent differs from the passive only by the fact that it has both the participles of the active and of the passive voice, that is, for all the three states of an action: that in ns for an action not completed; that in us, a, um for an action completed; and that in urus, a, um for one about to take place. The fourth participle in ndus with a passive signification is an irregularity, and is used only in those deponents which have a transitive signification; e. g. hortandus, one who should be exhorted. Of deponents which have an intransitive meaning, e. g. loqui, this participle is used only sometimes, chiefly in the neuter gender (often, but erroneously, called the gerund), and in a somewhat different sense, e. g. loquendum est, there is a necessity for speaking. It will be sufficient in the following table to give the first persons of each tense, for there is no difficulty, except that these verbs with a passive form have an active meaning. S. hort-atus (a, um) eram. ver-itus (a, um) secu-tus (a, um) bland-itus (a, um) eram. P. hort-ati (ae, a) ver-iti (ae,a) era S. hort-atus (a, ver-itus (a, um) secu-tus (a, um) bland-itus (a, um) um) sim. sim. sim. sim. P. hort-ati (ae, a) ver-iti (ae, a) si- secu-ti (ae, a) si- bland-iti (ae, a) sisimus. mus. mus. Pluperfect. mus. S. hort-atus (a, ver-itus (a, um) secu-tus (a, um) bland-itus (a, um) P. hort-ati (ae, a) ver-iti (ae, a) es- secu-ti (ae, a) es essem. bland-iti (ae, a) es P. 2. (is wanting, but is supplied by the Future Indicative.) sequ-itor. sequ-itor. Perfect and Pluperfect. ver-itum (am, um) secu-tum (am, um) bland-itum (am, um) hort-aturum (am, um) esse. ver-iturum (am, secu-turum (am, bland-iturum (am, um) esse. hort-aturus, a, um. ver-iturus, a, um. secu-turus, a, um. bland-iturus, a, um. hort-andus, a, um. Future, with Passive Signification. ver-endus, a, um. sequ-endus, a, um. bland-iendus, a, um. 1..hort-atum. 2. hort-atu. G. SUPINE. ver-itum. secu-tum. bland-itum. Note. The supine secutum and the participle secutus are analogous to solutum and solutus, from solvo, in pronunciation and orthography; for the consonant v, which is audible in the present sequor, is softened into the vowel u, and lengthened according to the rule mentioned above, § 154. In sequutum, as some persons write, the additional vowel u cannot be explained in any way. The same is the case with locutum from loquor. (Comp. above, § 5. in fin.) CHAP. XLIII. REMARKS ON THE CONJUGATIONS. [$ 160.] 1. IN the terminations avi, evi, and ivi of the tenses expressing a completed action, viz. of the perfect and pluperfect, indicative and subjunctive, and of the future perfect, as well as of the infinitive perfect active, a syncopation takes place. a) In the first conjugation the v is dropped and the vowels a-i and a-e are contracted into a long a. This is the case wherever avi is followed by an s, or ave by an r; e. g. amavisti, amâsti; amavissem, amâssem; amavisse, amâsse; amaverunt, amârunt ; |