Queror, questus sum, quĕri, complain. Conqueror, lament. Ringor, ringi, grin, show the teeth, whence rictus. Sequor, secutus sum, sequi, follow. Assequor and consequor, overtake, attain; exequor, execute; insequor, follow; obsequor, comply with; persequor, pursue; prosequor, attend; subsequor, follow close after. Vehor, see § 192. Vescor, vesci, eat. Edi is used as the perfect. Ulciscor, ultus sum, ulcisci, revenge, punish. Utor, usus sum, ūti, use. Abūtor, abuse; deutor only in Nepos, Eum. 11. Devertor, praevertor, and revertor, see under verto. They take their perfects from the active form: reverti, reverteram, revertissem; only the participle reversus is used in an active sense, one who has returned. Reversus sum for reverti is very rare, but occurs in Nep. Them. 5. ; Vell. ii. 42.; Quintil. vii. 8. 2. xi. 2. 17., and other less classic authors, but never in Cicero. CHAP. LVII. [$ 210.] DEPONENTS OF THE FOURTH CONJUGATION. Assentior, assensus sum, assentiri, assent. (As an active, assentio, assensi, assensum, assentire, it is not so common; see above, § 206.) Blandior, blanditus sum, blandiri, flatter. Experior, expertus sum, experiri, experience, try. Comperior, am informed, is used only in the present tense, along with comperio; the perfect therefore is comperi. Largior, largitus sum, largiri, give money; dilargior, distribute money. Mentior, mentitus sum, mentiri, lie; ementior, the same. Mětior, mensus sum, metiri, measure. Dimetior, measure out; emetior, measure completely; permetior. Mõlior, molitus sum, moliri, move a mass (mõles); plan. Amolior, remove from the way; demolior, demolish, and others. Opperior, oppertus sum, in Terence, and opperitus sum in Plautus, opperiri, wait for. Ordior, orsus sum, ordiri, begin. Exordior, the same; redordior, begin over again. Orior, ortus sum, oriri (partic. oriturus), rise. (The partic. fut. pass. oriundus has a peculiar signification " descended" from a place or person.) The present indicat. follows the third conjugation: orĕris, oritur, orimur. In the imperf. subjunct. both forms orerer and orirer are found. See Liv. xxiii. 16.; Tac. Ann. ii. 47.; comp. xi. 23. So also the compounds coorior and exorior (exoreretur in Lucretius, ii. 506.); but of adorior, undertake, the forms adoriris and adoritur are certain, whereas adorĕris and adoritur are only probable; adoreretur is commonly edited in Sueton. Claud. 12. Partior, partitus sum, partiri, divide (rarely active). Dispertior, dispertitus sum (more frequently active), distribute; impertior (also impertio, impartio, impartior), communicate. Potior, potitus sum, potiri, possess myself of. It is not uncommon, especially in the poets, for the present indicative and the imperfect subjunctive to be formed after the third conjugation; potitur, potimur, poteretur, poteremur. Sortior, sortitus sum, sortiri, cast lots. CHAP. LVIII. IRREGULAR VERBS. [§ 211.] THE term Irregular Verbs is here applied to those which depart from the rule not only in the formation of their perfect and supine, but have something anomalous in their conjugation itself. They are, besides sum (treated of before, § 156.), possum, edo, fero, volo, nolo, malo, eo, queo, nequeo, fio. 1. Possum, I am able. Possum is composed of potis and sum, often found separately in early Latin; by dropping the termination of potis, we obtain potsum, possum. It therefore follows the conjugation of sum in its terminations, but the consonants t, s, and f, produce some changes, when they come together. [§ 212.] The verb ědo, ēdi, ēsum, edere, is declined regularly according to the third conjugation, but here and there it has syncopated forms, besides its regular ones, similar to the cor 189 responding tenses of sum, except that the quantity of the vowel in the second person singular of the indic. present and of the imperative makes a difference, the e in es from edo being long The tenses in which this resemblance occurs are by nature. seen in the following table: SUBJUNCTIVE. Sing. ederem, ederes, ederet, (or essem, esses, ēsset.) Plur. ederemus, ederetis, ederent, INFINITIVE. edere or esse. Plur. edite, este. edunto. In the Passive only editur, ēstur ; ederetur, essetur. In the same way the compounds abědo, ambedo, comedo, exedo, and peredo are conjugated. 3. Fero, I bear. [§ 213.] Fero consists of very different parts, perfect tuli (originally tětuli, which is still found in Plautus and Terence); supine, lātum; infinitive, ferre; passive, ferri. But with the exception of the present indicat. and the imperative, the detail is regular. Active. INDICATIVE. Pres. Sing. Fero, fers, fert. Plur. ferimus, fertis, ferunt. IMPERATIVE. Pres. Sing. fer. Plur. ferte. Fut. Sing. ferto. Plur. fertote, ferto. ferunto. Passive. Pres. Sing. feror, ferris, fertur. Plur. ferimur, ferimini, feruntur. Pres. Sing. ferre. Plur. ferimini. Note. The rest is regular; imperfect, ferebam; future, feram, -es; future passive, ferar, ferēris (ferēre), feretur, &c. ; present subjunctive, feram, feras; passive, ferar, feraris, feratur; imperfect subjunctive, ferrem; passive, ferrer. The compounds of fero-affero, antefero, circumfero, confero, defero, and others, have little that is remarkable. Aufero (originally abfero) makes abstuli, ablatum, auferre. Suffero has no perfect or supine, for sustuli, subla tum, belong to tollo. Cicero, however (N. D. iii. 33.), has poenas sustulit, but sustinui is commonly used in this sense. Differo is used only in the present tense, and those derived from it in the sense of "differ;" distuli and dilatum have the sense of "delay." 4. Volo, I will. 5. Nolo, I will not. 6. Malo, I will rather. [§ 214.] Nolo is compounded of ne (for non) and velo. The obsolete ne appears in three persons of the present in the usual form of non; malo is compounded of mage (i. e. magis) and volo, properly măvolo, măvellem, contracted mālo, mallem. |