I trust that in the present volume I may have been enabled to act on these principles, and that the reader may get from it an insight into the life of the old Greek world which will make him desire to know more, and render further research not an irksome labour but a delightful task. Note on the Spelling of Greek Names. No attempt has been made in this volume to alter the spelling of Greek names which have assumed genuine English forms,e.g. Athens, Thebes, Corinth, Thrace. It would be well perhaps if such forms had been more numerous. The Latin form has been kept, where it has become so familiar to English ears that a change would be disagreeable, e.g. Thucydides, Cyrus. This last name is, indeed, neither Latin nor Greek; and the adoption of either the Greek or the Latin form is a matter of comparative indifference. Probably it would be to the benefit of historical study to revert to the true Persian form, and to write Gustashp for Hystaspes. But these exceptions do not affect the general rule of giving the Greek forms, wherever it may be practicable or advisable to do so. This rule may be followed in all instances in which either the names or the persons are unknown to the mass of English readers. Thus, while we speak still of Alexander the Great, his obscure predecessor who acts a subordinate part in the drama of the Persian wars may appear as Alexandros. The general adoption of the Greek form is, indeed justified, if not rendered necessary, by the practice of most recent writers on Greek History. It is, therefore, unnecessary perhaps to say more than that the adoption of the Greek form may help on the change in the English pronunciation of Latin, which the most eminent schoolmasters of the day have pronounced to be desirable. So long as the Phrygian town is mentioned under its Latin form of Celana, there will be a strong temptation for young readers to pronounce it as if it were the Greek name for the moon Selênê. It is well therefore that they should become familiarised with the Greek form Kelainai, and thus learn that the Greek spelling involves practically no difference of sound from that of the true Latin pronunciation, the sound of the C and K being identical, and the diphthongs being pronounced as we pronounce ai in fail. CONTENTS. I. Physical Geography of Continental Hellas II. Origin and growth of Greek civilisation III. The mythology and tribal legends of the Greeks V. The constitution and early history of Sparta VII. The intellectual education of the Greeks IX. Early constitutional history of Athens X. Athens and the Solonian legislation. THE STRUGGLE WITH PERSIA, AND THE GROWTH OF THE ATHENIAN EMPIRE, II. The Peloponnesian War from the surprise of Plataia to the IV. The Peloponnesian War from the revolution in Korkyra to the capture of Sphakteria by Demosthenes and Kleon 161 V. The Peloponnesian War from the capture of Sphakteria to VI. The Peloponnesian War from the peace of Nikias to the VII. The Peloponnesian War.-The Sicilian Expedition VIII. The Peloponnesian (Dekeleian) War from the catastrophe IX. The Peloponnesian (Dekeleian or Ionian) War, from the Battle of Kynossema to the battle off the Islands of I. From the Battle of Leuktra to the death of Epameinondas From the death of Epameinondas to the Battle of Chaironeia. 319 I. Greek History during the campaigns of Alexander the CHRONOLOGICAL TABL E. 630 ? 58 Seizure of the Akropolis by Peisistratos. Asia Minor. Conquest of the Asiatic Hellenes by Kroisos 544 57 57 58 Egypt. 8522 Fall of Kroisos. The Lydian empire absorbed Revolt of Paktyas. Conquest of Lydia by Siege and capture of Babylon by Cyrus. Invasion of Kambyses. Failure of the expedition against Amoun, 62 Asia Minor. Death of Polykrates, tyrant of Samos. Hipparchos. Expulsion of the Peisistratidai. Hippias goes to Sigeion. Reforms, expulsion, and return of Kleisthenes. Embassy from Athens to Sardeis, to ask for an Alliance of Plataia with Athens. Victories of the Athenians in Boiotia and Congress of Peloponnesian allies at Sparta. Hippias pleads his cause before them in . Some oligarchic exiles from Naxos ask help from Aristagoras of Miletos, at whose re- quest Artaphernes sends Megabates to re- IONIAN REVOLT. Capture and death of Histiaios. Battle of Ladê, followed by the fall of Miletos and the suppression of the Ionian revolt. Third,? fourth, conquest of Ionia. Xerxes prepares for the invasion of Hellas. Abandonment of the pass of Tempe. Occu- Defeat of the army of Mardonios by the con- Destruction of the Persian fleet. Pausanias deprived of his command. Formation of the confederacy of Delos. As- Alliance of Megara with Athens. Boiotia Defeat of the Athenians at Tanagra, followed |