their support, with other immense claims from other quarters, besides the education of the college, do not amount, most certainly, to more than 40 or £50,000 a year, which is not so much as several Societies, individually, in this country, are in the habit of collecting.

Now, the best proof how limited, comparatively, are these means, may be taken from the provision that is made for the individuals employed in the work. In an examination before a Committee of the House of Commons, the Abbé Dubois, who had been thirty years a Missionary in India, complained of the want of provision for Catholic Missionaries, who were at the head of extensive congregations in India ; and he proposed that Government should give them such a salary as would make them considered respectable to their flocks. The scale which he proposes is simply this-To every bishop £60 a year; to every Catholic European, with a congregation of 3000, £30 a year; to every native priest, with a similar congregation of 3000, £20 a year; and, to catechists, from £5 to £7 per annum. This he thought would be a large provision, considering the present destitute state in which they are placed. I remember reading the account of a visit paid by a traveller to the late French Vicar Apostolic, who had resided in Mesopotamia, and he describes him as living in a miserable hut, not even sheltered from the weather; he had not been able to afford shoes and stockings, and had nothing but one old tattered cassock as his only garment. Such, therefore, is the difference as to the provision that is made for the individuals.

But I will observe, moreover, that we have also a return to show the footing upon which the two churches respectively stand. We have an official return voted in Parliament in 1833, of what is expended by the English government for the support of the church establishment in India, and the following is the proportion in the three presidencies. The calculation is made in rupees; each of which is equal to about two shillings and sixpence. For the Episcopal Established Church, 811,430; for the Scotch Church, 53,077; for the Catholic Church, 10,168. So that the provision made for the Established Church (which, as I showed you at our last meeting, has comparatively but little to do; because, excepting for the service of European settlers, it may be said that there is no Native Established Church), is 811,000 rupees; while the Catholic Church, which as I shall show you amounts to several hundred thousands, has only 10,000 rupees as a provision for them.

There are some other preliminary points to which I wish to draw your attention. The first regards the peculiarly unfavourable circumstances which have befallen our Missions. They are not like those which are supported in this country, which draw their resources from a country in a state of continued prosperity; but it must be recollected that the whole of our Missions in the East, with the exception of what

has been done by native priests, of which I shall give sufficient examples, were supported exclusively by individuals sent from France, from Spain, and from Italy, chiefly members of the different religious orders, and that all the funds were drawn from those countries.

Now it must be recollected, that, from the moment of the French Revolution, all the religious orders in France were instantly suppressed, and the establishments for Foreign Missions were also extinguished, so that those two societies which I have mentioned had not begun to work. Perhaps it may serve as an encouragement to individuals who may not think it in their power to do much in the service of religion-it may not be uninteresting to say, that the great association at Lyons, which perhaps realizes some £15,000 or more a year to the Mission, has entirely, from first to last, been commenced and kept together by a lady, who has not been able, from illness, ever to leave her chamber; she is a perfect cripple, and consequently has done it all simply by her correspondence, and by her energetic representations. Therefore we should consider, that for the last ten years of the last century, the funds and the individuals required were, as it were, arrested and prevented from going on in the work. A few years after, at the invasion of Italy, the Propaganda was suppressed, and all its funds were seized by the French invaders; the religious orders also were suppressed, and consequently the supplies which they used to send could no longer be continued: and I shall show you some strong instances, lamentable ones indeed, of the sufferings which the congregations had to endure-the privations, that is, of spiritual direction, in consequence of these circumstances.

Another and without entering into the justice or injustice, the propriety or the impropriety of the measure, but certainly looking at it in reference to Missions-another serious blow to them was the suppression of the Order of Jesuits. Now I am told that the mention of such a name, with some individuals, may call up to their minds ideas of dislike and of aversion; they may have associated with it the character of double-dealing, of hypocrisy, and of many other worse vices. But I will only say that it is impossible for any one to consider and to read what they have endured for the propagation of the faith; to see in what manner hundreds of them have laid down their lives within these three hundred years, under the most exquisite tortures, rather than renounce it; whoever, I say, will read what they suffered, what they endured for the purpose of converting infidel nations, I am sure he will be satisfied that truly they were instruments in the hands of Divine Providence for the greatest ends; and though there must have been defects, though there must have been individuals unworthy of their character (for if it had not been so, it would not have been a human institution), it must be said, that the whole of the body was animated with a degree of fervour and with a degree of zeal, such as none other have ever shown; so that it is

not wonderful that even immediately after the horrors of the French Revolution, when the very name was a name of execration, many like the scientific Lalande should have raised up his voice in support of them in 1800, and said "it was the most beautiful of all human works; that it was an institution such as no other establishment would ever come near, the object of his eternal admiration, gratitude, and regard.” But as I may often have to allude to the Mission of these zealous and religious men, I wish to remove any impression against them by reading you the opinions of a Journal written expressly for the purpose of showing, that the method pursued by Protestant Missionaries is decidedly superior to that founded by the Catholics, and the only one which can succeed. "The success of the Jesuit Missionaries also, where they were most successful, is chiefly to be ascribed to the example which they displayed of Christian charity in the most heroic degree." The author goes on to cite an interesting anecdote, how the Emperor of Japan called to him, Father Necher, who was the head Missionary, and said to him, “Tell me in confidence, and I will promise not to betray you to any man, Do you really believe the doctrines which you have come here to teach? I have called my Bonzas (the priests), I have promised them the same security if they would only tell me what they thought, and they have told me candidly that all they teach the people is only a mass of fable, in which they do not put the slightest belief. The Missionary pointed instantly to a terrestrial globe, which was in the Emperor's chamber, Measure, he said, upon this globe the distance of the ocean which I have crossed to come to you, and then see what I have gained, or what I have to gain by the course I have pursued. Your Bonzas are rich, are happy, are respected, have every thing they can desire; I have abandoned every thing to come and preach these doctrines to you, and tell me, if it is possible, that I should have endured so much, unless I had been satisfied of the truth of all that I tell you, and of its necessity for you?' Such an answer, I will venture to say, was worthy of any minister of the Gospel of Christ.

But let us proceed. This circumstance to which I have alluded, of the interruption of the means in consequence of the seizure of our funds, and of the destruction of the bodies that supplied the Missionaries, must necessarily have been greatly felt, and it is impossible not to be sensible of the effects. Nay, I will say that we have not yet recovered from them, and cannot hope to recover for many years to come, not only in consequence of the actual dilapidation which has taken place in many of the Missions, but because a great portion of those funds were actually confiscated and have not been restored. We are now partly occupied in the task of returning once more to the situation in which we formerly were; although the religious orders have not as yet had time to recover the shock of an interruption of thirty years in the operations of their body.

A few words regarding the reports of our Missions. It must be observed that the Propaganda publishes no sort of report whatsoever; there is no appeal made to the public in any way. The Congregation meets privately, and those persons who have any sort of influence or station, may procure some degree of information. There are nothing like official documents ever put forth, because there is not the slightest desire of bringing what is done before the public; on the contrary, I for one can say, that I have repeatedly urged again and again the propriety of publishing the beautiful and edifying accounts constantly received; but the answer that I have always met with is, "We have no desire at all to make any display of these things. We are satisfied that good is done, and that is all we wish." The French Society publishes reports in the form of letters from the Missionaries, and now and then with something like returns. These publications have only been commenced within a few years, and do not extend by any means to the whole of the Catholic Missions, but only to such parts as are supported by the associations; and therefore the materials which I have been obliged to collect, have been in a great measure culled from documents which have fallen into my hands; some which I have industriously sought out, but, as you will see, a considerable portion of them is taken from the reports of the Protestant Missionary Societies. For, in my last address to you, I made use exclusively of them as authority regarding their success; and now I am willing, as far as it is possible—that is, wherever speaking of those countries in which they also are labouring, and consequently to which their reports extend-I am desirous to make use principally of the information they give us. Therefore, it is my intention chiefly from their aid, or their reports, to prove to you satisfactorily that the Catholic Missionaries have been successful on the very ground where they acknowledge that they have failed,

The first authority which I shall bring is that of Bishop Heber, in his visit throughout his extensive diocese. You remember, perhaps, that I quoted passages where he said, In the East, particularly in those quarters where Schwartz had laboured, was the strength of the Missionary cause; and it was there that those congregations which he first described as so numerous, but which I showed you to be comparatively insignificant, were to be found. Now he acknowledges, that in all these districts, the Catholics are more numerous than Protestants. For instance, "The Roman Catholics," speaking of the Southern Presidency, "are considerably more numerous, but belong to a lower caste of Indians; for even these Christians retain many of the prejudices of caste, and in point of knowledge and morality are said to be extremely inferior. This inferiority, as injuring the general character of the religion, is alleged to have occasioned the very unfavourable eye with which all native Christians have been regarded in the Madras Government. If they have not actu

ally been persecuted they have been disqualified, totidem verbis, from holding any place or appointment, whether civil or military, under the Company's government; and that in districts where, while the native princes remained in power, Christians were employed without scruple.” There are two or three remarks upon which I shall have to make some observations. In the first place, when he says they are of a lower caste and inferior morality to the Protestant Christians in India; and, in the second place, where he says, In consequence of this bad character which the Catholics in the South of India bear, those laws have been introduced which do not allow converts to Christianity to hold any office under government, and I will show you how ungrounded his remarks are. But it is sufficient at present to take his testimony to all I wish, viz., that in the South of India, where there are the greatest supposed congregations of Protestants, the number of Catholics is" considerably more numerous."

In another place he says, speaking of particular places of native Christians of the Catholic persuasion-he is speaking now of the North of India—“ They amount, I am told, to several thousands." Now we have not found hundreds in the North, when speaking of Protestant Missions; but here the Bishop acknowledges, speaking of Catholics, there are thousands. But, speaking of the town of Tannah, he says, "Tannah is principally inhabited by Catholic Christians, converted natives, or Portuguese." Here we have an acknowledgment of the success of conversion. But there are authentic returns which give us something more like specific numbers. For instance, parliamentary documents laid before the House of Commons a few years back, give the number of converts for the diocese of Malabar as 35,000; another diocese is said in the same return to contain 127,000 Catholic natives. One of the Missionary reports of the Church of England tells us, that at Tinnevelly, one single town, there are 30,000 Roman Catholics. Another report, by one of the Missionary Societies, states " Here is a village, the inhabitants of which have been converted to the Catholic religion." Another authority, and one which will not be doubted or called in question, is that of Henry Martyn. He says, "Colonel N, who is writing an account of the Portuguese in this settlement, told me that the population on the Portuguese territory was 260,000; of which 200,000 he did not doubt were Christians "-and of course Catholics; and if you will allow half of them, which is not the case, to be descendants of Portuguese, you will have nearly one half of converted Indians. "I begged the governor of Bombay to interest himself, and procure us all the information he could about the native Christians. This he promised to do. At Bombay there are 20,000 Christians; at Salsette, 21,000; and at this place there are 41,000 using the Mahratta language,” and these are all natives, and of these every one is a Roman Catholic. So far therefore