Philosophical MagazineTaylor & Francis., 1919 - Physics |
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Common terms and phrases
absorption absorption coefficient æther amplitude angle assume assumption atomic numbers axis C₁ calculated CAREY FOSTER centre charge circuit coefficient collision components constant corresponding curve cylinder damping deflexion density determined diffraction distance effect electric elements energy equal equation experimental experiments expression formula frequency give given H atoms hydrogen increase integral ionization ionization potential J. J. Thomson JOSEPH JOHN THOMSON L-systems light Lord Rayleigh magnetic field magnetic force maxima and minima maximum measured method molecules motion number of electrons observed obtained OLIVER JOSEPH LODGE oscillations paper particles peak potential Phil plane plate positive possible pressure quant-number radiation radium radius range rays reflexion resonance ring scintillations screen shaft spark speed suppose surface Table temperature term thallium theoretical theory values vapour velocity vibrations volts wave-length zero
Popular passages
Page 557 - From the results so far obtained it is difficult to avoid the conclusion that the long-range atoms arising from collision of a particles with nitrogen are not nitrogen atoms but probably atoms of hydrogen, or atoms of mass 2. If this be the case, we must conclude that the nitrogen atom is disintegrated...
Page 533 - ... average, approaches only once close enough to the centre of the nucleus to give rise to a swift hydrogen atom. We should anticipate that for such collisions the a-particle is unable to distinguish between the hydrogen atom and the hydrogen molecule, and that H atoms should be liberated from matter containing free or combined hydrogen. This is fully borne out by experiment. From the number of H atoms observed it can be easily calculated that the a-particle must be fired within a perpendicular...
Page 90 - ... interference theory, then, the range of coloration should be from the full red of C to the blue-green of F, and this is just about what is observed. The agreement must be admitted to be a strong argument in favour of the theory. So far as I have seen, so great a range cannot be found in the surface-colour of any dye, even with the aid of polarized light. I have already mentioned that the opaque backing behind the seat of coloration can be attacked, and for the most part removed, with nitric acid,...
Page 553 - A surprising effect was noticed, however, when dried air was introduced. Instead of diminishing, the number of scintillations was increased, and for an absorption corresponding to about 19 cm.
Page 553 - C, always gives rise to a number of scintillations on a zinc sulphide screen far beyond the range of the a particles. The swift atoms causing these scintillations carry a positive charge and are deflected by a magnetic field, and have about the same range and energy as the swift H atoms produced by the passage of a particles through hydrogen. These "natural" scintillations are believed to be due mainly to swift H atoms from the radioactive source, but it is difficult to decide whether they are expelled...
Page 557 - ... unit path by collision with a particles is about the same as the corresponding number of H atoms in hydrogen. Since the number of long-range scintillations in air is equivalent to that produced under similar conditions in a column of hydrogen at 6 cm. » pressure, we may consequently conclude that only one longrange atom is produced for every 12 close collisions giving rise to a swift nitrogen atom of maximum range 9 cm...
Page 86 - I have made either on feathers or insect scales the effect of pressure has been to destroy the colour altogether. . . . With many feathers the colour returns when the pressure is taken off. but with insect scales the structure seems to be permanently injured by compression, and though when allowed to expand again the material is not colourless, the brilliancy which belonged to the uninjured scale is gone, and the colour in general changed.
Page 80 - Haidinger's rule is specially important when we consider what happens at oblique incidences and with polarized light. The rays reflected in virtue of the extreme opacity of the substance to them are comparatively unaffected, and are indeed rendered more prominent by the appropriate use of a nicol. As Stokes saysf: " In the case of the substances at present considered, the reflected light does not vanish, but at a considerable angle of incidence the pencil polarized perpendicularly to the plane of...
Page 86 - Tram. toe. cit. certainly there is no improbability in surface-reflexion playing a part. It may be that both causes are operative in a single specimen and even at the same part of it. The next contribution to the discussion is an important one by Mallock*, who brings to bear the instinct and experience of a naturalist as well as of a physicist. His observations were mainly on the feathers of birds and the scales of insects, and they lead him to regard interference rather than selective reflexion...
Page 555 - No appreciable difference, however, was observed when the dried air was filtered through long plugs of cotton-wool, or by storage over water for some days to remove dust nuclei. Since the anomalous effect was observed in air, but not in oxygen, or carbon dioxide, it must be due either to nitrogen or to one of the other gases present in atmospheric air. The latter possibility was excluded by comparing the effects produced in air and in chemically prepared nitrogen. The nitrogen was obtained by the...