Mr. Hastings, who he accompanied to England, to a seat in the Supreme Council, as a public servant of distinguished talents and integrity. But the most prominent feature of Mr. Shore's early life in India, was his participation in the financial and judicial reforms of Lord Cornwallis. After the long experience the Court of Directors had had of the judgment and integrity of Mr. Shore, it is not at all strange that they should have chosen him for the immediate successor of Lord Cornwallis as Governor General of India, which he assumed on the 28th October 1793. Economical promises were made at home, and who so able to execute them as the man who had wound himself into all the intricacies of Indian finance, and whose policy in relation to the native powers was decidedly pacific? Upon this occasion, Mr. Shore was created a baronet of England, with the title of Sir John Shore of Heachcote. Four years afterwards he was raised by patent to an Irish Peerage, with the title of Baron Teignmouth. On the first accession to the chair of Government, Sir John Shore had to steer between no ordinary perplexities. The Mahrattas were jealous of the growing power of the English, and thirsted for the spoils of the feeble Nizam, who existed only beneath the shade of British protection. Scindia, now at the head of the Mahratta councils, looked to the power of Tippoo as the best counterpoise to that of the English. If any thing can be fairly objected to the policy of Sir John Shore, it is, that he relied on the good faith of the Mahrattas to act according to existing treaties, which it was their interest to set at nought, and left his ally, the Nizam, in a state almost unprotected and defenceless. The first pretext of Scindia was the demand of the arrears of the Mahratta Chout (tribute) from the pusillanimous Nizam. About this period Scindia died. His nephew and successor inherited his policy. War between the Nizam and the Mahrattas was inevitable. In March 1795, a general action took place. The Nizam was cooped up in a secluded fort, and being reduced to famine, was compelled to conclude a peace on the most abject terms. Tippoo, in the meanwhile, remained steadfast to his father's antipathies to the British name; at the same time, the affairs of the Nabob of Oude, who largely enjoyed the benefits of English protection, became so involved as to threaten the whole of that fine province with ruin and depopulation. He refused to pay his contingent for the Cavalry supplied him by the British Government, To induce the Vizier, to introduce some necessary reforms into his administration, and to obtain security for the expenses disbursed in maintaining the power of the Nabob, the Governor-General undertook a journey to Lucknow. The result of the mission was, the acquiescence of the Vizier in the additional subsidy of two regiments of Cavalry, British and native. Upon the dimise of the Nabob, shortly after, a question arose as to the legitimacy of Asoph ul Dowlah, his son. The question of a kingdom was decided against him by the British Government, upon evidence, observes Mr. Mill, on which a Court of law in England should not have decided a question of a few pounds. By this decision, Asoph ul Dowlah was deposed, and Saadut Ali raised to the musnud, as the eldest surviving son of Sujah ul Dowlah. It is an intricate question of law and of policy, and the limits of this article preclude us from entering into it. But even Mr. Mill acknowledges that it is impossible to read the Governor General's Minute, recording the transaction, and not to be impressed with a conviction of his sincerity. And the Court of Directors, in their letter of the 5th of May 1799, after a long commentary, observe: "Having taken this general view, with a minute attention to the papers and proceedings before us, we are decidedly of opinion that the late Governor General, Lord Teignmouth, in a most arduous situation, and under circumstances of embarrassment and difficulty, conducted himself with great temper, impartiality, ability, and firmness; and that he finished a long career of faithful services, by planning and carrying into effect an arrangement, which not only redounds highly to his own honour, but which will also operate to the reciprocal advantage of the Company and the Nabob." In January 1798, Sir John Shore, who a few months before his retirement, was raised, as we have seen, to the Peerage, returned to England, having been succeeded by Lord Mornington. Lord Teignmouth lived in habits of familiar intercourse with Sir William Jones at Calcutta, and succeeded him as President of the Asiatic Society. In that Capacity, he delivered, on the 22d May 1794, a warm and elegant eulogy of his predecessor, and in 1804 published memoirs of his life, writings and correspondence. On the 4th April 1807, Lord Teignmouth was appointed a Commissioner for the affairs of India, and was sworn one of the Privy Council a few days afterwards. His activity and zeal in the formation of the Bible Society, in 1804, are prominent features of his life, and strong indications of his sincere convictions and warmth of piety as a Christian believer. He had the honour of being fixed upon as the fittest person to preside over that Institution, and of which he was the President for 30 years. Up to the latest moments of life his heart beat high with philanthropic feeling. His oriental acquirements were consecrated to the service of the Bible Society. Lord Teignmouth presided over the Society in a catholic and amiable spirit of good will and benevolence towards all sects and communities of Christians. He conducted it through many difficulties and controversies, some of which were unusually stormy and contentious. We must not forget to observe, that Lord Teignmouth was earnestly bent on converting the natives of India to Christianity, and in 1811, he published a tract on that subject, entitled, "Considerations on communicating to the inhabitants of India the knowledge of Christianity." Lord Teignmouth died at the advanced age of eighty-two, 14th February 1834. His widow did not long survive him. He lived surrounded by every thing that ministers comfort to life; the attachment of a large circle of friends, and the affections of an amiable family; and his death was rendered cheerful and easy by the consolations of religion. Few men have been more eminently useful in their destined spheres of action; few have more amply merited the honours bestowed on them, or better vindicated their rightful claim to elevated rank by their talent and integrity, than Lord Teignmouth. We might enlarge upon his personal and private virtues, but we restrain ourselves, in the language of Tacitus; "Abstinentiam et integritatem hujusce viri referre, injuria fuerit virtutum." SIR W. H. MACNAGHTEN, BARONET. William Hay Macnaghten, the second son of Sir Francis Macnaghten, for many years one of the Judges of the Supreme Court in Calcutta, was born in the month of August 1793. He came to India at the age of sixteen, in September 1809, as a Cavalry Cadet on the Madras Establishment. Shortly after his arrival, he was appointed to do duty with the Body Guard of the Governor of Madras, in whose family be continued to reside for some months. From the earliest period of his Indian career, his mind was eagerly bent on the pursuit of oriental literature, and he devoted the leisure of his easy appointment to the study of Hindostanee and Persian. In May 1811, he obtained the prize of 500 pagodas, which was held out to the junior officers of the army as an encouragement to the study of Hindostanee. There was no reward appointed at that time for the successful study of Persian; but with the view of establishing his qualifications for employment in the Political department, to which his aspirations were directed, he passed a satisfactory examination in that language. Soon after, he was appointed to a Cornetcy in the 4th Cavalry, then stationed at Hydrabad; he remained with this corps for nearly a year, during which time he was invited to join the Resident, Mr. Henry Russell, in his visits to the Nizam and his Ministers; and thus obtained an early opportunity of becoming acquainted with the policy and feelings of Native Courts. Being desirous of acquiring some knowledge of mathematics, he was permitted to join the Institution founded by Lord William Bentinck, for imparting instruction in that department of science, and made considerable progress in it. Six months after he had entered on this study, he proceeded on survey duty, and returned to Madras on its completion, and continued his studies in the Institution for six months longer. During this period, Government offered a prize of 500 pagodas for eminent proficiency in Persian, and he passed a second examination in it, and secured the reward. About the middle of 1813, he joined the escort of the Honourable Mr. Cole, the Resident of Mysore. He had already made some progress in a knowledge of the Tamul and Teloogoo languages, and he now embraced the opportunity of his residence in Mysore to add to them an acquaintance with the Canaries and Mahratta tongues. Shortly after his arrival at the Residency, he was employed by Mr. Cole in the capacity of a Political assistant, though not formally recognized as such by Government; but he was now to quit the Madras Presidency, and enter upon another sphere of employment. About the middle of 1814, he received an appointment to the Bengal Civil Service. He arrived in Calcutta with the most flattering testimonials from the Governor of Madras and from Mr. Cole. The Chief secretary at that Presidency was instructed to "notify the appointment to the Governor of Bengal, and at the same time to enclose the honourable testimonies of the proficiency of Mr. Macnaghten in the Hindostance and Persian languages, and also to forward letters of a similar tendency from the Resident at Mysore, under whom Mr. Macnaghten had been employed." Mr. Cole's letter, coming as it did from one who was so well qualified to judge of merit, and who had enjoyed the best opportunities of estimating Mr. Macnaghten's attainments, must have been peculiarly gratifying to him. He arrived in Calcutta in October 1814, and entered upon the study of Oriental literature with a degree of ardour, which has seldom, if ever been surpassed. It is scarcely necessary to say that with the knowledge he brought with him, and his habits of intense application, he soon became one of the most distinguished students in the College of Fort William. It would be tedious to detail the various public encomiums which Mr. Macnaghten received for the successful study of the Oriental languages; and it may be sufficient to observe that he received at different times, six degrees of honour, and ten medals of merit, in addition to rewards and prices of books for his proficiency. At the sixteenth anniversary of the College, Lord Hastings, in noticing Mr. Macnaghten's exertions, stated, that "there was not a language taught in the College in which he had not earned the highest distinctions which the Government or the College could bestow." On quitting the College in May 1816, he was placed as an assistant to the Register in the Sudder Dewanny Adawlut, the highest Court of Appeal in the Presidency; an appointment eminently calculated to improve and mature his knowledge of the languages and laws of the country. In November 1818, he was deputed to officiate as Joint-Magistrate of Malda, and continued there a twelvemonth. In February, 1820, he was appointed to act in the higher capacity of Judge and Magistrate of Shahabad, and during the two years of his incumbency, afforded the greatest satisfaction, both to the inhabitants and his superiors, as the following testimonial will show. "The reported excellent state of Shahabad is consistent with what his Lordship in Council always anticipated from the services of Mr Macnaghten, and has afforded Government much satisfaction." In January, 1822, he returned to Calcutta as Deputy Register of the Sudder Court, and in the course of the year, requested that a Committee might be appointed to examine him in Hindoo and Mahomedan Law. The Reports of its Members, Captain Lockett and Mr. Lumsden, in the latter, and Dr. Carey, Dr. H. H. Wilson, and Captain Price, in the former, speak in the warmest terms of the extraordinary proficiency he had evinced during a very searching examination. We need not load this article with a transcript of these testimonials; it will be sufficient to quote the flattering mention made of Mr. Macnaghten by the Marquess of Hastings, in the last address which that statesman delivered at the College of Fort William: "For these distinctions a successful candidate has recently presented himself and enrolled a name already honourably familiar in the Annals, and associated with the best eras and efforts of the Institution. Mr. William Macnaghten has shown in his bright example, and even amidst the engrossing duties of public station, that industry can command the leisure, and genius confer the power, to explore the highest regions of Oriental literature and to unravel the intricacies of Oriental law. The Committee of examination appointed to report on that gentleman's proficiency in the study of the Mahomedan and Hindoo law, have expressed a very high opinion of his attainments, and have pronounced him eminently qualified to consult, in the original, any work on the subject. It is true, indeed, that his labours have been prosecuted beyond the walls of this Institution; but within them was the foundation laid on which Mr. Macnaghten has reared so noble a superstructure." Within a fortnight after this commendation, on the 5th of September, 1822, he was gazetted as Register of the Sudder Dewanny, within six years after he had quitted the College. This important appointment he continued to hold for eight years and a half. The same extraordinary diligence which had raised him to public distinction, was now exhibited in discharging the duties of the office with which he was rewarded. In addition to the daily labours of the Court, he was enabled to carry through the Press, three vols. of the reports of decided cases, and those which had been allowed to run into arrears, he was enabled to bring up almost to the date of publication. Of the cases published, more than two-thirds were reported by himself. They are remarkable for their fulness and accuracy, and are considered a standard authority on all legal questions to which they refer. They enjoy the same reputation in our local Courts, which the most esteemed and authentic reports do in the Courts at home. While occupying this station, he employed his knowldge of Sanskrit and Arabic for the benefit of the public, and compiled two works, the one "Considerations on Hindoo law," the other on Mahomedan law-which has proved eminently useful in abridging and guiding the labours of the Judges. These monuments of his erudition and industry will long continue to render his memory grateful to all who are employed at the bar, or on the bench in this country. At the close of 1830, Lord William Bentinck determined to make a tour through the upper and western provinces for the facility of examining many questions of great interest and importance relative to the revenue, the police, and the judicial systems, and more particularly to expedite the survey and settlement of the North-west provinces. He was anxious to take the Council and the Secretariat with him, with the view of establishing a Government on the spot, and discussing and deciding the important questions which pressed on the attention of the public authorities. But it was discovered that the letter as well as the spirit of the law, was opposed to such a proceeding, and that the powers of the Governor General in Council, could only be exercised in Calcutta. The new charter which was soon afterwards passed, provided for such a contingency, and enabled the Governor General to proceed on deputation to any part of the Presidency with the full powers of the Council board, except in matters of legisation. Lord William Bentinck was constrained, therefore, to proceed on his tour without any other assistance than that of an intelligent Secretary; and it reflects no small credit on Mr. Macnaghten that he should have been selected by so excellent a judge of character for his confidential adviser, in the circle of difficult and important duties on which he was about to enter. Mr. Macnaghten's political career, through which he reached the highest distinction open to the ambition of the Civil Service in about eleven years, may be said to have commenced in January 1831. He accompanied the Governor General in his progress through the provinces, and assisted at the investigations and deliberations which then took place. He afterwards went with his Lordship, as the official Secretary, to the meeting with Runjeet Singh at Roopur, where he obtained his first insight into the mysteries of Lahore policy. This training in the school of one of the greatest statesmen ever employed in the Indian administration, was eminently beneficial to Mr. Macnaghten in his subsequent career, and it placed him at once in the foremost rank of political functionaries. On the return of Lord William Bentinck to the Presidency at the beginning of 1833, Mr. Macnaghten was entrusted with the Secret and Political Departments, and continued to occupy this post in the Secretariat, both of the Government of India and of Bengal, for more than four years. Lord Auckland succeeded to the Government of India in March 1836, and in October 1837, proceeded on a tour to the N. W. Provinces. He resolved to take with him the individual in whom his predecessor had reposed confidence on a similar occasion; and it would have been difficult to point out any individual, with the exception of Mr. Prinsep, better qualified, from his knowledge of the internal machinery of the Government, and its political relations with subordinate or independent states, to give his Lordship sound and salutary advice. In October 1837, he left Calcutta, which he was never destined to revisit, but in which he was to find a melancholy but honourable grave. He proceeded to Simla in the suite of the Governor General. In the following year, Lord Auckland deemed it necessary to despatch the expedition across the Indus, to avert the dangers which appeared to menace the empire from the machinations of Russia, and the hostile movements of Persia; and he entrusted the political management of it to Mr. Macnaghten, in the Capacity of Envoy and Minister to His Majesty Shah Soojah. It was in connection with this enterprize which opened with the most brilliant success, but was subsequently marked by the most signal disasters, that he has obtained so conspicuous a place in the history of India, and it is upon his conduct, in this difficult and responsible post, that his character as a public man hinges. In this personal memoir, we do not profess to enter upon the broad and much debated ground of the political expediency or justice of the expedition, which involves so great a variety of considerations. Our object is limitted to the individual conduct of the Envoy in this new and untrodden path, during the last three years of his life. The measure which appeared to the public authorities the most advisable for carrying their plan into effect, was the establishment of a Government in Affghanistan bound to us by the ties of gratitude and a common interest, by the substitution of Shah Soojah on the throne of Cabool in the room of Dost Mahomed. There were abundant proofs before our Government of the tyranny of Dost Mahomed; and it was asserted by officers who professed to know the country, and the assertion was supported by invitations to return from every chief of note-that the legitimate monarch would be received with open arms by the Affghans. He had on one occasion attempted the recovery of his paternal throne without our aid; he had been joined by many chiefs of note, and was within a tittle of success. It was felt that Affghanistan, in his hands, would cease to be the theatre of intrigues against our power. When the expedition had been determined on, Mr. Macnaghten was deputed to Lahore to conclude the tripartite treaty between Runjeet Sing, Shah Soojah, and the British Government. This was the first negociation in which he had been employed, and the skill with which it was managed, earned for him the warm commendation of the Governor General. On his return arrangements were made for the assemblage of an Army, intended to raise the siege of Herat and to accompany Shah Soojah to Cabool. Mr. Macnaghten was selected as Minister at the Court of the Shah to represent our interests, and to watch over the progress of events in Central Asia. No man appeared fitter for this duty than Mr. Macnaghten; he was intimately acquainted with the native languages, and with the habits and feelings, and policy of the natives. He was an officer of large experience in public affairs, and of sound judgment. He was accordingly gazetted Envoy and Minister on the 1st October, and accompanied Lord Auckland to the great gathering of the troops at Ferozepore. While the army was encamped there, it was announced that the Persians had raised the siege of Herat, and retired, which event rendered it advisable to reduce the army by one-half, which set out on its long and dreary march through untrodden deserts and mountain defiles to seat the Shah on the throne of his ancestors, and Mr. Macnaghten accompanied him as envoy and minister. A more difficult and delicate office than that to which Mr. Macnaghten was now appointed has seldom been confided to a subordinate functionary in the east. He was the chief political Agent in an expedition sent on an hazardous errand, through unknown regions, where the military or political experience acquired in India could be of little avail. He was to accompany a prince, whom our presence was likely to render unpopular, through a country of the most impracticable character, which had been the grave of many previous expeditions, to seat him on the throne of his ancestors. He was in a difficult position as to the people of the country, and in a still more difficult position as to the Military authorities with whom he was associated. The diplomatic arrangements were placed in one hand, and the military direction of affairs in another. In these circumstances it was scarcely possible that the two classes of offices should not come into collision, on the numerous occasions in which either negotiations were to regulate Military movements, or those movements to assist negotiations. It required no small tact and temper to prevent the interruption of the object of the expedition by misunderstandings. The army reached Candahar on the 25th of April, but nothing particular worthy of such a notice occurs for some time after this in the career of the Envoy. The Military memoirs of the war have told how Ghuzni was taken, how the Dost fled, the subsequent surrender of his family, and how the Shah was installed in the Bala Hissar, and how a considerable portion of the army was then sent back to India. We are anxious to touch chiefly upon those events which served to exhibit the character of the Envoy. At the beginning of 1840, he was honored with the most substantial token of the approbation with which his conduct in Affghanistan was viewed, by being raised to the dignity of a Baronet. On the 3d of November Dost Mahomed suddenly presented himself, and on ascertaining that the Envoy was before him, dismounted and claimed his protection. The effect of this sudden apparition on the mind of the Envoy may be more easily conceived than described. All idea of retribution or revenge vanished from the mind of the Envoy as he took the Dost's arm and walked up to his house; the Dost, on entering, delivered up his sword, with the remark that he had now no further use for it. The conduct of Sir W. H. Macnaghten to the Dost was marked by the kindest sympathy and attention. The surrender of the Dost gave Sir W. H. Macnaghten some respite, and he was enabled to turn his attention to the reform of the internal management. In September 1840, Sir W. H. Macnaghten had been nominated provisional member of the Council of India, and in September 1841, he received farther token of the approbation with which his conduct had been viewed in the highest quarters at home, by his appointment to the office of Governor of Bombay. He had thus attained the highest honours within the reach of any Civil or Military Servant on the Indian Establishment. If he had ambition for high place, it was amply satisfied. He now prepared to quit Affghanistan, and had fixed the early part of November for the period of his departure, but, alas! how vain are human expectations. Thirty-two days after this burst of exultation, he became the first victim of an emute which ended in severing our connection with Affghanistan. And the very week in which Sir William Macnaghten was making preparations for his departure, he was arrested by an insurrection which terminated in his own assassination and the destruction of the entire army. In a conference with Akhbar Khan, the son of the Dost, the Envoy was shot dead with the pistols which he had a day or two before received as a present from him. Thus perished by the hand of an assassin at the age of forty-eight, one of the most distinguished servants of the Indian Government, just as he had raised himself by his own merits to the highest honours of the administration. It was no little relief to the feelings of Sir William Macnaghten's relatives and friends, that his remains were not abandoned in the country in which he had been so treacherously massacred. They were rescued from the pit to which the barbarous Affghans had consigned them, by the affectionate solicitude of his widow, and brought down to the Presidency, and were accompanied to their final resting place by the whole body of the community, and interred amidst the sympathies of the metropolis. A Monument is erected over his grave in the new English Burial Ground in Circular Road, The Inscription will be found inserted under the proper head. The following lines are copied from a Tablet erected in St. Paul's Cathedral to his memory: To the Memory of Sir William Hay Macnaghten, Baronet, of the Bengal Civil Service. alike conducive to good and great results and to honourable distinction. Until, whilst Envoy at the Court of Cabul, Honoured by his Sovereign; His bright career of earthly usefulness was arrested; revolt had burst forth upon the land, and his fortunes, in the forty-eighth year of his age, he fell by the hand of an assassin. The following Tablet is now in course of erection in St. Paul's Cathedral, by the Compilers : Sacred to the Memory of Captain William Burvill Holmes, Who died from wounds received in action at Ferozeshuhur, on the 21st of December 1845. This Tablet is erected by their Brother Officers. THE MOST NOBLE RICHARD, MARQUIS OF WELLESLEY, K. P. K. G. D. C. L., &c. (Late Governor General of British India.) This distinguished individual was one of the galaxy of great men by whom the reign of George III. was illustrated and adorned. England was called upon to confront perils, both political and social, such as she never before encountered, and by which the whole framework of her policy seemed about to be disorganised. And not the least among the remarkable men who were raised up to be her stay and her protection against the revolutionary madness which was desolating the rest of Europe, was Richard Colley Wellesley, whose abilities will bear a comparison with those of the most gifted and brilliant of his contemporaries, and whose services were only second to those of his illustrious brother, his eleve in the field of fame, and whose renown is identified with the brightest page of his country's military glory. He was born on the 20th June 1760, his biographer is uncertain whether at Dangan Castle, the seat of the family, in the county of Meath, or at their town residence, in Grafton Street, Dublin. His father, the Earl of Mornington, was remarkable for his musical abilities, and his kindly and benevolent nature first it was that led to the establishment of a loan fund, upon the principle of the Monte Piete Institution, by which, while distress was relieved, industry was encouraged, and habits of thrift and economy promoted which, in many instances, raised the borrowers from distress and want to opulence and prosperity. Lord Mornington died on the 22d of May 1781, and his eldest son, the subject of our present memoir, wanted just one month of his majority when he succeeded to the family estate and title. He at once placed himself in loco parentis to his younger brothers and sisters, voluntarily made himself responsible for his father's numerous pecuniary obligations, and showed his good sense as well as his filial affection by placing the estates under the management of his mother, by whose vigorous understanding knew well they would be better administered than they could be by one whose cares must thenceforth be chiefly devoted to public objects. Let us now look at him during the most brilliant portion of his career, in his Indian administration. On the 4th of October 1797, he was appointed Governor General of India, having been raised to the dignity of a Peer of Great Britain, by the title of Baron Wellesley. He had acquired, while a member of the Board of Control, a considerable knowledge of the details of Indian government, and had, moreover, an opportunity of receiving information and instruction from the Marquis of Cornwallis, with whom he was upon intimate terms; which must have been of great service in imparting to him a living knowledge of the various parties and interests with which it concerned him so much to be well acquainted. Upon his arrival at the Cape of Cood Hope it was his good fortune to meet with Lord Macartney, Colonel Hobart, and General Baird; all of them long residents in India, and having filled stations of trust and importance, which stamped a peculiar value upon their communications. From them he learned the perilous state of our Eastern possessions, from a French influence which was at that time making itself felt; and he was thus early warned of the necessity of those precautionary measures, by the wise and vigorous adoption of which our Indian interests were placed out of danger. The arrival of a ship from Calcutta, with despatches for the Secret Committee of the Board of Control, was another of the lucky incidents of which the Governor General availed himself. He did not for a moment hesitate to assume the responsibility of breaking the seal, and possessing himself of their contents, upon the ground that he regarded it as "an indispensable part of his duty to obtain as speedily as possible the most authentic account of events, so deeply affecting the interests committed to his charge, and of which any false impression might render him less equal to the execution of his public trust." His brother, Colonel Arthur Wellesley, a name since so renowned, had been at that time, a year and three months serving with his regiment in India; and we may be well assured that his observations, both of men and things, were not the least interesting or the least valuable portion of the mass of information with which the new representative of the British Government entered upon his important duties. He was thus enabled to write a despatch to Lord Melville, before he touched the soil of India, conveying as full and as masterly an account of the perilous condition of British interests in India, as if he had been a resident for many years; and to form plans of its future Government, by which the evils he had so much reason to apprehend, and which would otherwise in all likelihood, have wrested from us our Indian possessions, were effectually prevented. On the 8th of June, just twenty-two days after he had arrived at Fort William, his attention was arrested by an article of intelligence in a Calcutta newspaper, purporting to be a copy of a proclamation, in the French language, published by the Governor of the Isle of France; and announcing that two ambassadors had arrived from Tippoo Sultaun, with letters addressed to the authorities of the Island, as well as despatches to be forwarded to the French Directory; the object of which was, the formation of an alliance, offensive and defensive, with France, for the purpose of expelling the English from India. General Harris was at that time commander of the forces, and acting Governor in the Presidency of Madras, and to him Lord Wellesley immediately communicated this proclamation, with a view to such precautionary measures as the threatened exigency might seem to require. There are those by whom he has been censured for having taken so strong a step, upon grounds apparently so very slight. But he knew the man with whom he had to deal, and even if no such proclamation appeared, he felt |