Vibert, J. P., Member of the Hort. Soc. of Paris, and Cultivator of Roses at St. Denis, an intelligent, honest, and very excellent man: Première Livr. Paris. 8vo, pp. 83.

1. Essai sur les Roses.

2. Essai sur les Roses.

Deuxième Livr. pp. 80. 1826.

1824.

3. Observations sur la Nomenclature et Classement des Roses, suivies du Catalogue de celles cultivées par l'Auteur. pp. 54. 1827.

Monceau, Duhamel du: Traité des Arbres Fruitiers. Nouv. edit. par Poiteau et Turpin. Livr. 46. Paris. Folio. 1. 10s.

Rédouté: Choix des plus belles Fleurs, prises dans différentes familles du règne vegetal, &c. Livr. 9, 10. Paris. 4to. 12s. each.

Loiseleur Deslongchamps, M., Member of various Societies:

1. Flore Générale de la France. Livr. 1, 2. Paris. 8vo, 6s. each; 4to,

12s.

2. Essai sur l'Histoire des Muriers et des Vers-à-Soie, et sur les Moyens de faire chaque année plusieurs récoltes. Paris and London. 8vo. 38. Risso, M. A., Ancien Professeur des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles au Lycée de Nice, Membre de plusieurs Académies et Sociétés savantes: Histoire Naturelle des principales Productions de l'Europe Méridionale, et particulièrement de celles des Environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes. Paris and London. 5 vols. 8vo, orné de 46 planches et de 2 cartes géologiques. En noire, 3l. 10s.; col. El. 15s.

Brard, C. P.: Minéralogie appliquée aux Arts, ou Histoire des Minéraux qui sont employés dans l'Agriculture, l'E'conomie domestique, la Médecine, la Fabrication des Sels, des Combustibles, et des Métaux, l'Architecture et la Décoration, la Peinture et le Dessin, les Arts Mécaniques, la Bijouterie et la Jouaillerie; ouvrage destiné aux artistes, fabricans, et entrepreneurs. Paris and London. 3 forts vols. 8vo, 15 pls. 1. is. Parmentier, A., and N. Deyeux : Précis d'Expériences et Observations sur les différentes Espèces de Lait, considérées dans leurs rapports avec la Chimie, la Médecine, et l'E'conomie Rurale. Paris and London. 8vo. 4s. Anon. Instruction sur les Paratonnerres, adoptée par l'Académie Royale des Sciences, et réimprimée avec autorisation de S. E. le Ministre de l'Intérieure. Paris and London. 1 vol. 8vo, 2 pls. 2s.

Richardot, Ch.: Système (nouveau) d'Appareils contre les Dangers de la Foudre et le Fléau de la Grèle. Paris and London. 8vo. 1s. 6d.

Remusat, Charles: Mme. Guizot, Conseils de Morale, ou Essais sur l'homme, les meurs, les caractères, les grands, les femmes, l'education, &c., avec une notice sur sa vie. Paris. 2 vols. 8vo. 188.

Bidaut, J. N., Author of Du Monopole qui s'établit dans les Arts Industriels et le Commerce: De la Mendicité, de ses Causes et des Moyens de la détruire en France. Paris. Pamph. pp. 39.

The essential causes of mendicity the author considers to be the monopolies of territorial property, commercial capital in the form of machines, and the monopoly of knowledge. His remedies are, colonisation, cultivation of waste lands, the division of extensive properties in land, the abandonment of machinery and manufactures, the dissemination of useful knowledge among the people, so as to elevate their manners and sentiments, the suppression of missionaries (du clerge nomade) and of the Jesuits, and the modification of charitable institutions in such a way as that the indi

viduals who took refuge in them should be obliged to work as hard as those who supported themselves by their labour; in short, he would turn what in England are called parish workhouses into manufactories. There are a good many benevolent and wise suggestions in this pamphlet, mixed with erroneous notions with respect to the influence of machinery, the accumulation of capital, and the interference of government.

GERMANY.

Verhandlungen des Vereins, &c. Transactions of the Russian Gardening Society, &c. Vol. 5. part 1. Berlin. 4to, 1 pl. 2 dollars.

Two or three of the papers in this part are translations of articles from the Transactions of the London Horticultural Society. The plate is a coloured figure of Gesnèria latifòlia Mart., brought from Brazil to the botanic garden at Berlin, in 1826, by M. Sellow.

Reider, Jacob Ernst von, Provincial Assessor in Bavaria, Member of various Societies, and Author of several Works; a citizen of Nuremberg, a very amiable and intelligent man, with a charming wife and family :

1. Handbuch der Blumenzucht, &c. Nuremberg and Leipsic. 1 vol. 8vo.

1828.

2. Das Ganze der Rosen Kultur, &c. Nuremberg. 12mo. 1829. Hazzi, M. von, Knight, Counsellor of State to the King of Bavaria, Member of many Societies, and Author of various Works: Neuester Katechismus des Feldbaues, &c. Catechism of Agriculture and Gardening in use in the Country Schools of Bavaria. Munich. 12mo. 1828.

The nature and uses of this catechism we have already mentioned. (Vol. IV. p. 494.) There are a great many different editions; in some of which field, forest, fruit-tree, and culinary vegetable culture are in as many different volumes; in others two or more of them are combined.

Wagner, J. Ph.: Ueber Merinos-Schafzucht. Königsberg. Gr. 8vo, mit 7 steintafeln. 12s. 6d.

Elsner, J. G.: Uebersicht der Europ. veredelten Schafzucht. Prague. 2 theile, 8vo. 148.

ART. III. Literary Notices.

A HISTORY of English Gardening, chronological, biographical, and critical, is soon to appear from the pen of our correspondent, Mr. G. W. Johnson. "It will be the first separate history of the art, in all its branches, that has ever appeared."

A Treatise on Smut in Grain; giving an Account of its various Causes in Wheat, Oats, Barley, &c., and the Manner in which Smut may be effectually prevented, both by natural and artificial means. The whole deduced from extensive practical experience, and illustrated by a variety of useful and highly interesting Engravings, rendering the Work of the greatest utility to the Practical Farmer, as well as interesting to the Public. By John Lawson.

Planta Asiatica Rariores; or, Descriptions and Figures of a Select Number of unpublished East Indian Plants, will be published by Subscription by Dr. Wallich, in Twelve Numbers, each containing Twenty-five Engravings, to appear every Three Months. Price 21. 10s. each Number.

208

PART III.

MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE.

ART. I. Foreign Notices.

FRANCE.

PARIS, Jan. 17. 1828. - You should not have left France without visiting, and recording the agriculturai improvements of, my excellent friend, General La Fayette, at La Grange, who relied on your spending a few days with him. Besides the admirable arrangement of his farm, and his fine flock of Merinos, you would have greatly approved the substitution of an orchard of 10,000 apple trees, for the vines of an old vineyard, on strong clayey soil. The General has found that, on such a soil, the cider of the apple, properly prepared, is superior to the wine of the grape. The towers of the General's chateau are now thickly clad with ivy, and the grounds around it are laid out à l'Anglais, according to a plan sketched out, and directions given, by Charles Fox, during his visit of a week at La Grange. Ever yours, Chev. Masclet.

Passage of Hot Air and Smoke through Flues. Numerous experiments have lately been made in France, for the purpose of ascertaining the laws regulating the rapidity with which hot air passes through flues, &c. The results appear to be:-1. That flues oppose to the passage of hot air a resistance proportioned to the length of the pipe, the square of the rapidity, and in an inverse ratio to the diameter. 2. That the coefficient of friction is not the same with reference to different substances. 3d. That by narrowing the superior orifice of a flue, the rapidity of the passage of the air through that orifice, goes on increasing to a certain limit, which is the rapidity resulting from the pressure that takes place at the inferior end of the pipe. 4. That by narrowing the inferior orifice of a flue, the body of air passing through (la dépense) diminishes solely in proportion to the diameter of the orifice, and consequently that the rapidity in the orifice itself increases in an inverse ratio to its diameter. The two last results are capable of numerous applications to the useful arts. A strong draught is frequently indispensable. Hitherto only two elements have entered into the estimate of draught, the height of the chimney, and the temperature of the hot air. To increase the height of a chimney is always attended with considerable expense, and it cannot be heightened indefinitely, and to increase the temperature of the hot air costs much fuel. It now appears that the diameter of a chimney is also a powerful element in draught, limited when the superior orifice is fixed; indefinite when it is not so, and this element costs very little expense. (Lit. Gazette, April 5, 1828, p. 218.

Com. by A. G. near Barnsley.)

Transplanting Shrubs in full Growth.- Dig a narrow trench round the plant, leaving its roots in the middle in an isolated ball of earth; fill the trench with plaster of Paris, which will become hard in a few minutes, and

form a case to the ball and plant, which may be lifted and removed any where at pleasure. (French Paper. Com. by L. R—r.)

Education of the Military.—Schools upon the Lancasterian plan are establishing in the different regiments, in virtue of a decision of the Supreme Council of War. The Council has also decided that courses of lectures on literature, the sciences, &c., shall be established for the officers and subofficers, and which all the privates are to be invited to attend. (Paris Paper.)

GERMANY.

Public Garden at Frankfort.*- Most towns of any size on the Continent -in this point, alas! so different from those of England—can boast of their promenades and public gardens, but not many can, in this respect, vie with Frankfort, which is wholly surrounded (except on one side where the Maine runs) with a Jardin Anglais, or pleasure-ground, at least two miles in length, and occupying the breadth of the former ditch and ramparts, laid out in the English style, and affording great variety of shady walks and picturesque scenery, with the grand advantage of being accessible from every part of the city in a few minutes. One peculiar feature of this pleasure ground is, that it is not confined to trees and shrubs, but contains a profusion of the choicest flowers, roses, dahlias, chrysanthemums, &c., together with most of the showy annuals, as balsams, China asters, &c., even geraniums and Ferrària Tigridia, planted in large masses of each, and intermixed with vast beds of mignonette, all in a high state of luxuriance and beauty. Nothing could be more brilliant than the display of this garden when I saw it in September last, when the dahlias, and the superb clumps of Datura arbòrea, Sálvia coccínea, &c., were in flower; and, as a proof of the scale on which it is managed, and the attention paid to it, I may mention that the gardeners were then preparing a bed of irregular figure wholly for pinks, above 60 ft. long, and from 9 to 15 ft. broad, which they were trenching 2 ft. deep, after laying manure at the bottom of each trench, and carefully picking out the stones.

This garden affords a striking, and, to an Englishman, very mortifying proof of the great superiority of the manners of the German lower classes over those of the English. Though merely separated from a public highroad by a low hedge which may be stridden across, and at all times acces sible (there being no doors or gates of any kind to the entrances) to every individual of a population of 50,000 souls, and constantly frequented by servants and children of all descriptions, not a flower, or even a leaf of any one of the plants, from the rarest and most showy to the humblest, seems ever touched. Even the beds of mignonette looked as untrodden and unplucked as if in an English private garden. It is needless to say how utterly impossible it would be to have, near any large English town, a similar garden, thus open to the public, and thus scrupulously kept from injury: and yet there are no persons (as far as I saw) to watch, and instead of threats of heavy penalties, a printed paper is affixed on a board at each entrance, expressing, in German, that the public authorities having originally formed, and annually keeping up, the garden, for the gratification of the citizens, its trees, shrubs, and flowers are committed to the safeguard of their individual protection. This simple appeal is here sufficient—of what use would a similar one be in England?-W. S. Brussels, Feb. 26. 1829.

These gardens were laid out, between 1809 and 1811, by M. Sebastian Rinz, nurseryman in Frankfort; and his son M. Jacob Rinz, a beautiful ichnographic and pictorial draughtsman, now in England, and about to make a tour in Scotland and Ireland, has furnished us with plans of them, which will be published in our promised work. (See Vol. IV. p. 537.)—Cond. VOL. V. No. 19.

P

Landscape-Gardening at Munich, - Our southern excursion took in part of your route. We spent a week at Treves, a fortnight at Baden, a week at Carlsruhe, three days at Schwetzingen, &c. &c. In our proposed journey, next summer, more into the interior of Germany, we shall try, from what you say of it, to take in Munich, to see M. Sckell's application of the plan of planting in masses of one species. What I have hitherto seen done on this plan, on a small scale, I confess, has disappointed me, and seemed even more insipid than the old one, which gave some variety of outline; the masses of shrubs looking like clipped hedges, and the trees as pudding-like as any clumps that deform an English park; but this is probably from the system not being properly understood.-W. S. Brussels,

Jan. 22.

Pfaueninsel, Potsdam, Feb. 22. 1829.—Our winter has been very severe; and during five days, which occurred between the 21st of December and the 7th of February, the sun did not shine. From the 7th of February to this day, we have had four days in which the sun never appeared. Notwithstanding these disadvantages our cherries are ripe, and some will be gathered this week. We calculate on cutting grapes by the 20th of March, and we have been gathering strawberries since the 1st of February. At Sans Souci the plums are an inch long. The finest plants at this season of the year, in the Berlin botanic garden, are the Ferns and Aröideæ all the others look well, but these look the best. The Cape plants are now coming into flower. I beg of you to express my most sincere thanks to all those gardeners in Great Britain and Ireland that I had the happiness of seeing during my late tour in your country; they took the greatest pains to inform me of every thing, and showed me the utmost liberality and kindness. I am, Sir, &c. G. A. Fintelmann.

An Encyclopædic Dictionary of Plants, by M. Kachler, has just made its appearance at Vienna; it is in two volumes, one of which has already appeared, and is intended more for the use of gardeners and amateur horticulturists than for botanists. (For. Quart. Rev., Jan.)

NORTH AMERICA.

Value of a good moral Character. We presume that you have been informed that we have procured a situation for Mr. Cameron, the worthy gardener you introduced to us. It was as well the honest man had friends here to attest to his good character, as an awkward circumstance befel him on his way to Boston, to enter on his situation a few miles beyond that city. On the passage to Boston, some villain broke open the trunk of the mate of the packet, and took thence 250 dollars. On arriving at Boston the passengers were all searched, and 250 dollars being found between the leaves of Cameron's bible (I believe), he was taken up on suspicion. The only circumstantial evidence in his favour was, that the notes lost by the mate were on the bank of Boston, while the notes found on Cameron were those of the bank of New York. There he was an entire stranger, with a large family, threatened with imprisonment, and which would have been carried into execution, had not his employer stood in the breach and become bail for his appearance at court. His employer immediately wrote us to clear up the business; and the justice, having no doubt of his innocence, wrote the cashier of the bank of New York to ascertain if Cameron had drawn any money from the bank, and at what date. Cameron also wrote to us stating the whole affair, and referring us to a banker in the city to whom he sold a bill for 60l. at a certain time. We called on the banker, and found all correct. The banker also wrote the justice the satisfactory particulars, which exonerated Cameron in the most honourable manner. How valuable is a good character, which thus insures a man friends wherever he goes!