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because it is the infrequency of such acts that, by keeping the rich and poor too far apart, renders the kindness of the former liable to be abused by the latter. Raise the character of the poor by education, and every act of the rich, whether good or bad, will be appreciated as it ought to be.

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Haslemere to Goodwood. August 13. - This is a beautiful road, hilly, but presenting numerous richly-wooded views. Near Midhurst are the magnificent ruins of Cowdry House, and about a mile from these ruins a modern house, the present residence of the proprietor, W. S. Poyntz, Esq. The ruins are seen from the road, and the walks round them form an elegant recreation for the inhabitants of Midhurst. We deferred going to the new house till an other season; but Mr. Bowers, Lord Selsey's gardener, informed us, that near it is one of the finest situations for garden operations in England. Near Midhurst is Midhurst Cottage (fig. 117.),

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designed and built for the Rev. Dr. Bayley, many years master of the celebrated Midhurst school, by Mr. Perry of Godalming. It is in very correct taste, and superiorly fitted up with the best materials from old English examples, and with particular attention to internal convenience. The walls are of free sandstone worked fair, and being of a fine soft brown tint, the effect with the green of the landscape, and the blue and white of the sky, is particularly harmonious. Mr. Perry, who excels in drawing landscape no less than in architectural drawing, and who also paints both landscape and architecture in oil, has presented us with a neat little view of the cottage, from which the engraving is executed.

Westdean House; Lord Selsey. August 13.- Before arriving at this place, a regularly laid out farm and offices in the Berwickshire manner, attracted our attention, and further on we observed the plantations remarkably well thinned and pruned. These plantations, and many other acres that we had not leisure to go to see, Mr. Bowers informed us were planted by him, and are under his care, and certainly we have seen but few so scientifically managed. We hope Mr. Bowers may be induced to send us some account of his practice.

Westdean House is situated near the bottom of one of those flat dry valleys which are common in chalky countries. The spot is by no means marked by Nature, and perhaps something more might have been done by art, in the way of a terraced basement, to enhance that which is fixed on. However an exceedingly good, plain, Gothic house is built; and as the views from it cannot be rendered striking, from the absence of natural features and water, they are at least pleasing. According to the momentary impression made during our hasty glance, the carriage entrance ought to have been in the other front, which, being without distant view, would have left what interest there is in the distant scenery to have surprised the visitor from the windows of the garden front. This mode of entering a house from the front,

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containing the best views, is in our opinion a prevailing error in the arrangement of country residences. There are exceptions, but in general the best view which every house affords ought not to be enjoyable otherThis once adopted as a wise than from the windows of the best rooms. principle will readily point out the subordinate arrangements.

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The pleasure-ground here owes every thing to art, and is beautifully arranged. The masses of shrubs and flowers were more finely tufted, and more profusely covered with blossoms, than any we have seen during our excursions this year. The only masses that came up to them in point of compactness, were those in the Duchess of Gloucester's American garden at Bagshot; but as these were exclusively American shrubs, and mostly out of flower, and those at Westdean peat-earth shrubs mixed with flowers, a comparison cannot properly be made. There is a certain age or size at which American shrubs, in masses and mixed with flowers, look better than at any other; from which it may be inferred, that when this kind of ornamental scenery attains a certain age, if the expression of youth and beauty is meant to be continued, it should be taken up and replanted. Among the contrivances adopted for giving interest to the walks, and to separate one scene from another, are portions of walk covered with arched trellis work. One of these is grown over with climbing roses; another with laburnums, which in the flowering season has a remarkably fine aspect, few colours looking so well in the shade as yellow, because, with the exception of white, none suffer so little from the absence of light. This laburnum trellis has a new feature, that of a table border of trellis work (fig. 118. a) intended to be covered with ivy: we have no doubt its effects will be good, especially in winter. We must remark some circumstances in the construction of garden trellises which should never be neglected: they should be ample in their dimensions, strictly geometrical in all their forms, and most accurately and substantially executed. Nothing can be more miserable in its effect on the eye than a low narrow archway, the supports leaning in different directions, and the curve of the ground plan and of the roof in no marked The most accurate carpentry and smith style of determinate lines. work ought always to be employed in such structures, otherwise they had much better be omitted as garden decorations. Some attempt forming trellises over walks with long hazel rods; but nothing can be meaner than the effect. Such rod trellis-works or arbours are at best fit for a cottagegarden, or a hedge alehouse. We would refer in proof of this to a quarter of a mile of this description of structure in the garden of one of the most wealthy of British noblemen, were it not for hurting the feelings of his very worthy gardener, who, we believe, erected them from the desire of saving his master's pocket. We have sometimes thought of recommending Wistària Consequana for arched trellises; but as the purple blossoms of this plant require a good deal of light, it is better adapted for arcade trellis-work in which the sides are open, or for wire umbrellas. (Vol. IV. p. 168.) There is a rustic house here very well managed, and made of some consequence by being placed on a raised basement; not a bad cascade, but the bed of the stream below it rather too regularly studded with grotesque stones; some very fine specimens of broad-leaved elms; one or two large limes; a very large Aràlia spinòsa; several tree rhododendrons which live in the masses of the other species with very little protection; and various large hollies,

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The kitchen-garden contains the largest Elruge nectarine tree in England (Vol. I. p. 174.), still in a very healthy state. The soil of the garden is thin loam on chalk. Mr. Bowers, two or three years ago, finding a number

of the wall trees which were trained horizontally thriving but indifferently, by unnailing the shoots, and relaying them in, at an angle of 40 or 45° in some cases, and merely turning up their points in others, according to the degree of suffering, has succeeded in throwing new vigour into them. Many of the trees have their main stems trained in the screw manner of Hitt, and some vines in the serpentining manner of Forsyth, who was patronised by the late Lord Selsey. This garden contains what we think ought to be in every good kitchen-garden, a fruit room and fruit cellar, because it must in most cases be gratifying to the mistress of a family to be able to see what fruits are gathered, and how they are keeping, and sometimes desirable to sit down with her friends or children and eat fruit fresh from the plants. The gardener's house is in one corner of the garden, and it gives us pleasure to state that it is convenient and commodious, though we wish Mr. Bowers had made the ground floor two steps higher. The floor of no dwelling-house whatever, nor of any garden seat, temple, or ornamental building, ought to be on a level with the surrounding surface, but always above it, for dignity's sake, and for dryness; and a dwelling-house at least three steps. The whole of this place was in most excellent order, even though the family were not there, and were not expected for several weeks. This is as it ought to be. On the whole, we were highly gratified; in proof of which we have sent Mr. Bowers's foreman, Thompson, the first volume of our Magazine of Natural History. Mr. Bowers himself is known to rank among the very first of his profession, and therefore is above our praise. Goodwood; Duke of Richmond. August 12. — This is a very extensive place, but without any very striking features, and without water. However, from a belvedere, about half a mile from the house, a very extensive prospect is obtained, which includes the sea and the Isle of Wight. The native woods are very extensive, and chiefly of beech. Miller informs us that one of the Dukes of Richmond planted a great many exotic trees, and especially cedars of Lebanon, and the true service. We saw a good many cedars of a considerable size in the pleasure-ground, and in that part of the park nearest the house; but neither from the kitchen-gardener, nor flower-gardener, nor a man nearly ninety years of age, who had been all his life on the premises, could we learn any thing of the true-service trees. We found the Sórbus torminàlis Lin. and S. Aria Lin. both here and in the woods about Arundel, but no other. In what is called the American grove are several tulip trees, standard magnolias of different kinds, American oaks, acers, nettle trees, sassafras trees, catalpas, &c.; the most remarkable of which was a standard Magnolia grandiflòra, in the slip of the kitchen-garden, which we think must have been one of the first layers taken from the original tree in the Fulham nursery: it is about 25 ft. high, with a trunk at least a foot in diameter at the surface of the ground. Round the garden are also some very large and handsome hollies.

The great fault of the pleasure-grounds here is, that there is no grand leading walk proceeding from the house through the scenery. Whatever may be the beauties of a residence, they are lost without this master-walk, which operates as a leading principle to guide in the emplacement and character of all the details. It is totally wanting at Goodwood, and therefore the pleasure-ground is to a stranger a confused assemblage of scenes and objects, good, but unenjoyable. A great fault in the management of the scenes is, that there is an obvious want of hands to keep them in order; and another fault is, that masses of flowers are planted in many places under the drip of trees, where they can never thrive, and in others, as in a regular apple orchard, where they are not in character. Under all the circumstances of this pleasure-ground, the flowery part is by far too much scattered; and in consequence of this, and the want of hands, all that is not immediately round the house is in very bad order. It gives us pleasure to state, however, that in the front of the house the flower-beds looked well,

being filled with geraniums and other showy articles, and immediately under the eye of the Duchess, who is known to be a lady of great taste, and much devoted to floriculture. Good and rare things are wanting; some trumpery rustic structures are not worth keeping up, and there are rather too many rustic boxes in the Dropmore manner.

The kitchen-garden is large, surrounded by excellent old walls, but without any of the modern improvements in glass structures. The soil is very bad. When the present kitchen-gardener came there twenty years ago, the peach trees and borders were in a very bad state. He removed the earth from above and from under the roots, laid a bottom of lime rubbish sloping from the wall, replaced 18 in. of soil, mixing it with chalk and some manure, and he has never since either dug or cropped the borders, but occasionally covered them with a thin coat of rotten leaves; and once a year he stirs the surface with a fork about 2 in. deep. In a few years the trees began to do well, and have continued in a good state ever since. This practice in like cases, and also that of not cropping and not digging in every case, ought to be imitated by every gardener who has front walls and borders. There is a row of standard fig-trees of different sorts, which bear most abundantly. Nothing is ever done to them, excepting thinning out a few branches; and some years ago, as the row was rather crowded, every other tree was removed. It might be an improvement to pick off the summer figs in September, and thin out a few of the leaves, in order to favour the ripening fruit; but it has been found that they bear and ripen very well without these operations. The asparagus here is grown in single rows, 4 ft. apart, and attains a good size. Some vines are trained in single shoots within 18 in. of the top of the wall; and short upright shoots, led up from these as bearers, are spurred in, and produce freely. One of these vines is upwards of 100 ft. long, and all of them are healthy and excellent bearers. The head-gardener, whose name we regret to have forgotten, is a man of sound sense, and master of his profession: his house, which is in the garden wall, is not inconvenient, but the floor is on a level with the walks; so that it is deficient in that degree of dignity which ought ever to distinguish the habitations of men from those of cows and horses, and it must be rather damp. On one side of the garden is an immense tennis-court, much out of repair. The melon ground is in a hollow pit in the centre and lowest part of the garden, the very worst spot within the walls in which it could be placed for the purposes of early forcing; since the cold air being the heaviest, that of the whole garden will gravitate to the lowest surface.

We were much gratified with a view of the house, which we enjoyed unexpectedly, and under very favourable circumstances, it being the week of Goodwood races. The dining-room, drawing-room, and Duchess's room, with the exception of the fire-places and grates, are equal to any thing we ever saw. The dining-room is an oblong, lighted from one side; the walls are painted in imitation of Sienna marble; the furniture, though magnificent, retains still a certain degree of simplicity, which gives the idea of habitableness: the dining-table was laid out to its greatest extent for the visitors during the races; and the row of gilt vases, all won by the Duke's horses at different times, contrasted with the silver and crystal, had a splendid effect. At one end of the room is the side-board, and at the other the door into the drawing-room. This room is apparently the same in shape and size as the dining-room. The end opposite the door from the dining-room terminates in an alcove, the floor of which is raised one or two steps; and in the angle to the right is the door to the Duchess's cabinet, and to the left a door to the hall and staircase. The walls are hung with yellow satin, striped; the curtains and sofas, &c. are of the same material, and the woodwork and cornices are gilt. The effect of the gold and yellow satin is good. The whole appeared to us, if the expression is allowable, chastely magnificent, habitable, and occupied as it ought to be. The only things we should

wish to alter are the grates, and, of all the forms we know of, Metthley's (p. 238.) is what we should prefer. There are some good pictures in the other rooms of the house; à charming picture of the amiable Duchess in the Duke's study; a good mummy; landscapes, by Smith of Chichester; and a marriage supper, by Paul Veronese, reduced from an original of the same, 13 ft. by 8 ft., which we bought in Warsaw in 1813 for 9 ducats, and sold in London in 1818, though it had been much damaged by the fire at the custom-house, for 150 guineas.

Haslemere to Arundel. August 13. The by-roads in this part of the country are very indifferent, which prevents the traveller from having the full enjoyment of scenery which, from its variety and woodiness, is always agreeable, and, from the portions of extreme distance which occasionally intervene, sometimes striking. The entrance of the London road into Arundel is one of the worst town-entrances in Britain, and reminds us of some of the smaller Alpine towns on the Continent. Nothing could be easier than, by a circuitous sweep to the right, to effect an easy and commodious entrance and exit. The present state of things is dangerous, and creates a prejudice against the nobleman who has, or is supposed to have, the power of removing the evil. There are three inns; but the stranger, if he wishes to see Arundel Castle, is recommended to go to the Norfolk Arms, from whence tickets, as if by authority, are issued for seeing the eastle. We hate monopolies of every kind, and therefore cannot approve of this seeming preference, though we believe a sight of the castle would not be refused to any person whatever, and at any time, whose appearance did not forbid the hope of his having the usual fee in his pocket. The Norfolk Arms is a good inn, and we were much gratified to find the landlady, Mrs. Flood, much attached to natural history. Notwithstanding the direction of this immense establishment, and the cares of a family of three or four children, she continues to collect every description of insect which she can find, and to hatch the eggs of moths and butterflies, in order to add the perfect insects to her collection. This collection is arranged in glazed frames, which are hung up in different rooms of the house. She is fond of drawing, and has made portraits of several of the prize animals fed in the neighbourhood. On the whole, she is a woman of very superior mind, and, in testimony of our respect for her, we have sent her this Number of the Gardener's Magazine, and one or two of the Magazine of Natural History. Arundel Castle; the Duke of Norfolk. August 14.This is an excel.ent place for a critic, since there is much to condemn, something to admire, and a great deal to anticipate. The only thing which came up to our expectation was the situation of the castle, and the only thing that surpassed it was the variety of surface and facilities for improvements in the grounds. In the elevation of the castle there is not a single good architectural feature, and we should not be far wrong in saying, that the interior did not contain a single room worthy of such a residence. The library, which has been much spoken of, is too narrow and confined, and the mahogany book-cases, like the mahogany four-post beds in the bed-rooms, overloaded with workmanship. The dining-room is gloomy, and only fit for the winter season: some of the bed-rooms are better, and contain mahogany bedsteads most elaborately worked; but no workmanship in timber can come up to that of the needle or the loom for a bed roof. The details of almost every part of the castle, both within and without, were executed by workmen and artists brought to reside on the spot, and are, with very few exceptions, designed or copied with little taste or judgment. The truth is, that the Duke was his own architect, and having nobody to please but himself, caring little for public opinion, and being altogether unlimited in his means, he produced what we see, and probably failed of his object. Had he been guided by a first-rate artist, he at least could not have been blamed by the public; a man is justified in attempting any thing he can do well; but when he engages in what he

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