dioc, called by us tapioca; it was like a large horseradish. The mill for grinding was extremely simple; a horizontal wheel, turned by horses, put in motion a vertical one; on the circumference of which was a thin brazen plate, furnished on the inside like a nutmeg grater. A slave held the root to the wheel, which grated it away, and threw it in the form of a moist paste into a receptacle below. It is then dried in pans, and used as a farina with meat. At Sennor Antonio's, a plate of tapioca was attached to each of our plates. Some of the pepper was nearly ripe, and of a reddish appearance. When gathered, which it is in April, it is dried in the sun. In our way to the old major's house, we came to a small church, on an eminence, on a plot of ground surrounded by a wall, which was for the purpose of burying the dead from a neighbouring hospital, erected for those afflicted with a cutaneous disorder called a morphée. What this is I could not learn, as I saw none of the patients. The major had apartments at the hospital, of which he was inspector. In the church all three knelt, and crossed themselves, as usual. I said nothing; but, upon this, a conversation began among them chiefly from Sennor Antonio's mentioning to them my objection. The major spoke with a vehemence which would have become a better cause. Antonio acted as interpreter. By constant appeal to the scripture on every subject. I gave immediate answers. The old man concluded the conversation, by saying, he was sure I read the Scriptures, and therefore would embrace me, which he did after the manner of the country. Sennor Antonio told me plainly at last, which I had long been expecting to hear, that the prejudices of education were strong, and operated to keep his father bigoted; but, for himself, he had nothing to do with saints in secret-he adored God alone. I could have wished more; it was the confession rather of a liberal than a religious mind. Soon after there was a procession of priests, carrying the sacrament to the house of a person just departing: they both knelt, and continued till they past. Sennor Antonio said, that he con'

formed to the custom of the country in trifles. I thought of Naaman and his god Rimmon. I did not, however, think it right to push the matter too suddenly; but told him, in general, how the English reformers were led to prison and to flames, rather than conform; and that, if I was born a Portuguese, I would rather be imprisoned and burnt, than conform to idolatry. At the same time I talked to him of the doctrines of the 'new birth,' &c. but he did not seem to pay much attention. Sennor Dominigo asked me if the soldiers had a minister to attend them in their dying moments, to instruct, and to administer consolation. For the first time I felt that I had the worst of the argument, and hardly knew what to say to explain such negleet among the Protestants. He shrugged up his shoulders with horror at such a religion. We were then shown the hospital erected by the Prince of Portugal: it was a noble building, far superior to that at Haslar. In the garden, each person, alternately, gathered a sprig or fragrant leaf for me. The person who showed it us was a chevalier of some order. the chapel, Sennor Antonio knelt; but always looked on me smiling, and said "C'est le coutume du pays.' I left him in order to go on board; but finding, as I went along, a chapel open, I went in to see the pictures; all of which contained, as a prominent figure, a friar of some order. In one, some people in flames were laying hold of the twisted rope, which was pendant from his waist; how apt the image, if Jesus Christ were in the room of the friar! At this time a friar, dressed identically as the one in the picture, moved slowly along; I followed him through the cloister, and addressed him in Latin. He was a little surprised; but replied. He told me that the chapel belonged to a monastery of Franciscan friars. In a cloister, which led round the second floor of the build. ing, he stopped; and by this time we were able to understand each other exceedingly well. I then asked him to prove from Scripture the doctrine of purgatory, of image worship, the supremacy of the Pope, and

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transubstantiation. His arguments were exceedingly weak, and the Lord furnished me with an answer to them all. During our conversation, two or three more friars assembled round, and joined in the dispute. I confuted all their errors, as plainly as possible, from the word of God; and they had nothing to reply, but did not seem disconcerted. A whole troop of them, passing in procession in the opposite cloister below, beckoned to them to retire, which they did, taking me along with them to a cell-two before, and one on each side. As we passed along the passage, one asked whether I was a Christian? When we had all reached the cell, and sat down, I asked for a Bible, and the dispute was renewed. I found that they considered their errors as not tenable on Scripture ground; and appealed to the authority of the church. I told them this church was, by their confession, acting against the law of God: and was therefore not the church of God: besides, I referred them to the last words in the Revelations. They seemed most surprised at my knowledge of Scripture. When they were silent, and had nothing to say, I was afraid the business would end here without good; and so I said-You, who profess to teach the way of truth, how can you dare, before God, to let them go on in idolatrous practices, which you know to be contrary to the word of God? They looked very grave. The one who spoke French, and also the best Latin, grew very angry during their dispute; and talked of the Scripturarum interpretes-pii sapientissimique viri, Augustinus, Bernardus, &c. But,' said I, they were not inspired.' Yes,' he said. But here he was corrected by the rest. As this man seemed in earnest (the rest were sometimes grave, and sometimes laughing,) I asked him why he had assumed the cowl of the friar? He answered Ut me abstraherem á vanitate rerum mundanarum, et meipsum sanctum faciam ad gloriam Dei.' He spoke with great impression and earnestness, and seemed the most sincere of any. They were acquainted with logic, and argued according to rule. He began by say.

ing, 'nullam salutem esse extra ecclesiam Catholicam, axioma est?' 'Concedo,' said I-'sed extra Romanam salus esse potest.' 'Minime,' they all cried out. 6 Quare,' said I, proba;' but they could not. At last I went away, as the sun had set, and they all attended me through the long dark passages. I almost trembled at the situation and company I was in; but they were exceedingly polite, and begged to know when I was coming ashore again, that they might expect me. I had staid so long, that, after waiting for hours at the different quays, no boat returned, and I was obliged to return to Sennor Antonio's, from whom I received an affectionate welcome. His wife and slaves, who seemed to be admitted to the utmost familiarity, delighted to stand around me, and teach me the Portuguese names of things."

Nov. 21." Went on shore, and breakfasted with Sennor Antonio. After dinner, while he slept, I had some time for reading, &c. In the evening, he, and his wife, and a female slave, played at cards. I sat at the table, learning Hindoostanee roots."

Nov. 23. In the afternoon took leave of my kind friends Sennor and Sennora Corrè. They, and the rest, came out to the garden gate, and continued looking till the winding of the road hid me from their sight. The poor slave Raymond, who had attended me, and carried my things, burst into a flood of tears, as we left the door; and, when I parted from him, he was going to kiss my feet: but I shook hands with him, much affected with such extraordinary kindness in people, to whom I had been a total stranger till within a few days. What shall I render unto the Lord for all his mercies!-In my way to the quay, I met a young friar of the order of St. Augustine. He understood me enough to conduct me part of the way to the convent of the Franciscans, till he met with a young priest, to whom he consigned me. With him I had a dispute in Latin. When I said, that in no part of Scripture it was commanded to worship the Virgin, he coloured, and said, in a low tone, 'Verum est.' At

the monastery, I met with my old friends the same four friars. After regaling me with sweetmeats, they renewed the dispute. We parted with mutual lamentations over one another; I telling them they were in an awful error; they smiling at my obstinacy, and mourning over my lost condition. I went away in no small dejection, that the Gospel should have so little effect, or rather none at all. This was by no means diminished when I came to the boat. It was the commemoration of the Hegira; and our Mahomedan rowers, dressed in white, were singing hymns all the way to the honour of Mahomet. Here was another abomination. B*** sat beside me, and we had a long conversation, and for some time went on very well. 1 cleared away error, as I thought, very fast; and when the time was come, I stated, in a few words, the Gospel. The reply was, that I was not speaking to the purpose; that, for his part, he could not see what more could be necessary than simply to tell mankind they must be sober and honest.' I turned away, and, with a deep sigh, cried to God to interfere in behalf of his Gospel; for, in the course of one hour, I had seen three shocking mementos of the reign and power of the Devil, in the form of Popish and Mahomedan delusion, and that of the natural man. I never felt so strongly what a nothing I am. All my clear arguments are good for nothing; unless the Lord stretch out his hand, I speak to stones. I felt, however, no way discouraged; but only saw the necessity of dependence on God."

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After little more than a fortnight, the fleet sailed, whilst many a grateful recollection filled the breast, and many a fervent prayer ascended doubtless from the heart of Mr. Martyn, in behalf of Sennor and Sennora Corrè. From them he had received signal kindness and hospitality; and of them it might not perhaps be too much to observe," that not forgetful to entertain strangers, they had entertained an angel unawares.""I have been with my friend Antonio," said he, "as a wayfaring man that tarrieth but for a