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No. I.

(Referred to from the end of Part I.)

A SYNOPSIS OF AQUATIC INSECTS, COVERING

Water insects

that cover themselves with cases, have a case either

Straight, having either And their cases are erther

THEMSELVES WITH CASES.

on the sides; or

Immoveable. being affixed [Round, with little threads
to stones; and have a Flat, and more compressed,
body either
without little threads.
Or moveable, portable and migratory, called" Phryganea,"
vulg."acad-case," which is furnished with little threads,
as well on the back as the sides, by means whereof
they adhere firmly to their cases, excepting only their
head and feet; with three small protuberances pro-
jecting beyond the feet, which they can erect, or put
forth at pleasure, to hinder their cases from pressing
down on their heads as they creep, and troubling
them.
[Parallel,

Straws ag-
glutinated:
and those
either

Or no straws
adhering,
but small
stones, or
fine sand;
which are
either

constitu-
ting two
species;

The greater being two inches long.
The lesser and most common, called
straw-worms.

Or transverse and shorter, with sometimes small
stones and shells intermixed.
Round, with little worms within, called cod-bait,
With somewhat larger stones adhering
to the sides of the case, but never to
the fore or back part of it; whence
it necessarily appears flat and com-
pressed.

Or flat and
compress-
ed, either

Or with no stones adhering to the sides; but with a case extending on each side into a narrow margin, or border, like wings; and the case is more flat and compressed than the former.

Or crooked, or rather resembling a horn: for the cases of these are crooked, and one extremity is larger, the other less. Of these I have known four different species, viz. the black, large and small; and ash colour, large and small.

All these produce flies with large wings, like those of butterflies. The nymphæ of these (which are to spring from those small worms, and which, like tortoises, carry their houses about with them, within which they turn into nymphae, from which nymphæ afterwards spring little flies) Dr Swammerdam refers to his fourth order of transmutations, whereas, in my opinion, they belong to the third, because they change their skin twice.

Another translation of this Synopsis, too copious to be here inserted, together with many curious particulars concerning aquatic insects, is to found in the Natural History of Northamptonshire, by the Rev, John Morton, chap. vii.

No. II.

[Referred to from Part II. p. 275, note.]

FEBRUARY. Peacock Hackle. Peacock's herl alone, or interchanged with ostrich herl; warping, red silk; red cock's hackle over all. It may be varied by a black cock's hackle and silver twist. Taken chiefly from nine to eleven in the morning, and from one to three in the afternoon.

This, and the several other hackles which we have here and hereafter described, being most tempting baits, should always be first tried when the angler comes to a strange river; and not changed till he has found out, and is certain, what particular fly is upon the water.

MARCH. Green Peacock Hackle. Greenish herl of a peacock; warping, green silk; a black hackle over all. Taken from eight to eleven in the morning.

Ash-coloured Dun. Dub with the roots of a fox-cub's tail; warp with pale yellow silk. Wing, of the pale part of a starling's feather. Taken from eight to eleven, and from one to three.

This fly, which is also called the Violet Dun, and Blue Dun, is to be found on almost every river: some particulars of it have been mentioned in the note, part ii. p. 275; but here follow some observations on it, which deserve to be attended to. It varies much in its colour, according to the season of the year: in March and September it is called, and that very properly, the violet dun, for it has often that hue; and therefore, in the passage above referred to, we have directed the mixing blue-violet crewel with the fox-cub down. In April it assumes a pale ash colour; and in May is of a beautiful lemon colour, both body and wings. In June and July it is blue-black; and from July it insensibly varies, till it becomes of its primitive colour, violet dun, which it never fails to do by September.

APRIL. Pearl colour, or Heron Dun. Dub with the yellowish, or ash-coloured herl of a heron; warp with ash-coloured silk. Wing, from the short feather of a heron, or from a coot's wing of an ashcolour. Morning and afternoon.

Blue Dun. Dub with the fur of a water-rat; warp with ash-colour. Wing, of a coot's feather. Morning and evening.

MAY. Silver Twist Hackle. Dub with the herl of an ostrich feather; warp with dark green, silver twist, and black cock's hackle over all. Taken from nine to eleven, especially in a showery day Sooty Dun. Dub with black spaniel's fur, or the herl of an ostrich ; warp with green. Wing, the dark part of a land-rail or coot. Taken best in a showery day, as also in April or June.

Light Flaming or Spring Brown. Dub with light brown of a calf; warp with orange colour. Wing, of a pale gray mallard's feather. Taken chiefly before sunset in a warm evening: a good fly.

Although much is said in the first part of the foregoing dialogues, (p. 111,) of the oak-fly, the author has given but a very superficial description of it, and his directions for making it are extremely imperfect; we would therefore recommend the making it after the natural fly, and that according to the following directions:

Oak Fly. By some called the ash-fly (by others, erroneously, the hawthorn-fly.) The head, which is large, of an ash colour; the upper part of the body grayish, with two or three hairs of bright brown mixed, and a very little light blue, and sometimes a hair or two of light green; the tail part is gravish mixed with orange; wing, of a mottled brown feather of a woodcock, partridge, or brown hen; hook No. 8 or 9. This is the fly which is seen much in March, April, May, and June, on the body of ash-trees, oaks, willows, and thorns growing near the water, standing with its head downwards. It is an excellent fly, but difficult to imitate, being of many colours, unequally mixed. It takes chiefly in the morning: it does not seem to come from any cadis, for it never drops in great numbers on the water; and the wings are short, and lie flat on the back, like the blue-bottle, or large flesh-fly.

Orange-tawny, Orange-brown, Camlet-fly, Alder-fly, Withy-fly, or Bastard Cadis. Dub with dark brown spaniel's hair, or calf's hair that shines, or barge-sail; warp with deep orange; black hackle under the wing. Wing, of a darkish feather of a mallard or starling. Taken chiefly in a morning, before the green-drake comes upon the

water.

Huzzard. Dub with pale lemon-coloured mohair, or ostrich feather dyed yellow; warp with yellow; gold twist and yellow hackle over all. Wing, of a very pale mallard's feather dyed of a lemon colour; the wings large, and longer than the body, lying flat on the back. Taken in a blustering day, before the May-fly comes in a fly little known, but the most beautiful of the insect species that frequent the water. It is larger than the green-drake; of a beautiful lemon colour, both body and wings, which are four in number, and lie close to its back. It is to be met with in but few rivers, and is therefore esteemed a great curiosity: in those rivers that produce them, they appear in great numbers about the latter end of April; at which time, And afterward, the Trouts rise at them very eagerly. Doubtless this is a true water-fly; it is supposed to be produced from a very large cadis. Death Drake. The body, one herl of black ostrich and two of peacock; silver twist; black hackle. Wing, of the dark feather of a mallard, of a copper colour. Taken chiefly in an evening, when the May-fly is almost gone.

Yellow Miller, or Owl-Fly. The body of a yellow martern's fur, or ostrich herl dyed buff colour. Wing, of the ruddy feather of a young peacock's wing, or pale brown chicken. Taken from sunset till ten at night, and from two till four in the morning.

JUNE. The May-flies, most of them, as above.

JULY. Middling Brown. Made of calf's hair, twisted upon pale yellow silk, for the silk to appear. Wing, of a mallard's feather.

Dark Brown. Warp with red silk, with a deep orange tag at the tail. Wing, of a mallard's feather.

Willow Cricket, or Small Peacock Fly. A herl of a green peacock's feather; warp with green silk. Wing, of a starling's feather longer than the body. A morning fly, especially for Grayling in rapid

rivers.

Pismire. The body, some few reeves of a cock-pheasant's tailfeather, or ruddy barge-sail, or brown carpet, or old bear's hair,

towards the roots, tanned with the weather;
be twisted with it: warp with ruddy silk.
a starling's feather, left longer than the body.
emmet-flight, but not before.

one peacock's herl may Wing, the light part of A killing fly after an

AUGUST. The Pismire through this month; as also the other flies of the last month.

SEPTEMBER. Large fœtid Light Brown. The body of light calf or cow's hair, or seal's fur dyed of the colour; warp with ruddy or orange-coloured silk. Wing, of a ruddy brown chicken large and long. A killing fly in a morning. This fly is much upon Hackney river, and is much ruddier there than elsewhere. In the Thames, I have caught with it Dace of the largest size, and in great numbers. Somewhat of its history is given in the notes, p. 195.

No. III.

[Referred to from Part II. p. 275, note.]

JANUARY. Spring Black. Body, black wool of a sheep's face, with or without a greenish peacock's herl; warp with brown silk. Wing, the gray feather of a mallard.

Second Spring Black. Body, the very blackest part of the darkest nare's scut you can procure; with or without a greenish peacock's erl; warp with ash-coloured silk. Wing, of a fieldfare's feather. This and the other spring black are best taken in bright weather.

Bloa* Herl. Body, black rabbit's scut; black of a hare's scut; greenish peacock's herl; warp with brown silk. Wing, the light part of a fieldfare's feather.

Black Hackle. Body, pale yellow silk; with a black cock's hackle turned about it.

Dun Hackle. Body, dun-coloured silk; with a dun cock's hackle. FEBRUARY. The same flies as are directed for the preceding month. MARCH. The same flies as are directed for the preceding months, and also the

Turkey Fly, or March Fly. Body, brown foal's hair, tops of the wings of a woodcock, some ruddy, others gray, well mixed together; warp with pink and yellow, or pink and light-coloured brown silk, twisted together. Wing, of a pheasant-cock's feather.

N.B. This, it is supposed, is the cob-fly, so much cried up in Wales.

APRIL. Light Bloa. Body, light fox-cub fur, a little light foal's hair; a little squirrel's bloa, and the whitish yellow of the same, all these well mixed together; warp with yellow silk. Wing, of a light fieldfare's feather.

Dun. Body, dunnest filmart,t or martern's fur, Indian fox-dun, light dun fox-cub, coarse hair of the stump of a squirrel's tail, of a

*This is a north-country word, and, as I am told, signifies a colour resembling that of mole's back, which has a bluish gloss. I find it is thus explained, in a catalogue of ocal words communicated in a letter from Mr Thoresby, of Leeds, to Mr Ray: "Blon, olack and blue." Philosophical Letters, between the learned Mr Ray, and several of his ingenious correspondents, octavo, 1718, p. 321.

Filmart. This is the animal which Walton, chap. i. p. 48. calls the fulimart; but the former is a name by which it is very well known at the furriers.

brightish brown or yellowish cast; warp with yellow silk. Wing, the lignt feather of a fieldfare.

Pain Hackle. Body, black ostrich herl, with red or black cock's hackle over it; and, in hot weather, add gold twist.

Rea Hackle. Body, red silk and gold twist, and a red cock's hack.e, till June: afterward use orange silk for the body. An excellent fly.

N. B. This is more properly the orange-fly. It resembles in colour a Seville orange. Wings may be added, either of a ruddy hen or chicken, or of the softest feather of a rook's wing: the first will give it an orange, the latter a dunnish hue. It has four wings, two next the body, of a very dark gray colour, and two serving as a case over them, sometimes of a dirty blackish colour, and sometimes of an orange colour.

Bloa Watchet,* Is a small fly, and appears on the water in a cold day. (Hook, No. 9 or 10.) The body, fur of a water-rat, black part of a hare's scut, the pale roots cut off, a very little brown bear's hair; warp with pale brown or olive-coloured silk. Wing, of a hen blackbird.

Yellow Watchet. Body, water-rat's fur, the blackest part of a hare's scut, greenish yellow crewel for feet; warp with green silk. Wing, the lightest part of a blackbird's feather. Hook, No. 9 or 10.

Knotted Gray Gnat. Body, darkest part of a hare's scut, dark brown foal's hair, dark fur of the black of an old fox; warp with gray silk. Wing, the bloa feather of a fieldfare.

Green-Tail. Body, dark part of a hare's scut, and darkest bloa fur of an old fox; light part of a squirrel's tail, and a hair or two of the coarse brownish part of it for feet; warp with ash-coloured silk, Wing, of a hen pheasant.

Sand Fly. Body, dark brown foal's hair, a little bloa squirrel's fur, and the whitish yellow of the same; warp with yellow silk. Wing, the light part of a fieldfare's feather.

MAY. The nine foregoing flies directed for April: and also the Bloa Herl. Body, fox's fur, dark part of a hare's scut, greenish herl of a peacock, (if the weather is warm for the season, otherwise little or none of the greenish herl;) warp with brown silk. Wing, of a starling's feather.

Dun. Body, dunnish bloa fur of an old fox, yellow, the ends of the hairs of an old fox almost red, taken out of the tail, or brush; warp with yellow. feather.

mixed with pale some coarse hairs Wing, starling's

Stone Gnat. Body, the roots of the darkest part of a hare's scut, the top or ends being cut off; warp with ash-coloured silk. Wing, a blackbird's feather.

Light Bloa. Body, light fur of an old fox, mixed with pale yellow crewel; warp with pale yellow silk. Wing, light feather of a jay. Orange Brown. Body, orange-coloured wool, with bright brown bear's hair mixed; warp with orange silk. Wing, of a starling's feather.

Peacock Hackle. Body, peacock's ruddy herl; red cock's hackle; warp with red silk.

Black Herl. Body, black herl of an ostrich, and ruddy herl of a

Watchet; color cæruleus albicans, Skinner, Pale or sky-blue.

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