· every master must answer for nis scholars, and bliged to watch over them at all times, when he at liberty to do so.

We cannot too much recommend the doing every ng exactly in the time and moment appointed for There is little trouble in it, except in the beging. When the custom is once established, the scholars serve it almost naturally, and without any difficulty. s a pleasure to see a great number of boys disappear once, as soon as the clock strikes, and leave the art empty; and it is a bad omen of the discipline a college, when instead of a speedy departure they em doubtful whether they shall go or no, and loiter e after another. And the same observation will ld good as to every thing else; their going into eir classes, the refectory and the church. To estash this order, the principal and vice-principal must the example, and be there always first.

This disposition to exactness is of great weight in the employments of life. It is a qualification ablutely necessary to all that are in authority. To this d it is requisite to descend to very minute particurs; to attend to every thing almost without seemto do so; to foresee at a distance, and prepare r whatever is to be done; not to be satisfied with ving orders, but to be regularly informed whether ey are executed, and how; to see that the slightest junctions are observed, in order to prevent by that cans the breaking of such as are more essential. here are some masters who despise exactness in little ings, because they look upon them as trifles; but ey do not consider, that though every one of these ules may appear, perhaps of very little moment in articular, yet joined all together they form what is

alled discipline and good order in a college and that

negligence in some usually induces the ruin of the re I could here willingly apply the observation of Li upon the point of religion. These ceremonies, [ says he, seem now to us small and contemptible; b it was by not despising them, that our ancestors rais the republic to that height of grandeur to which it h now attained. Parva sunt hæc, sed parva ista n contemnendo majores nostri maximam hanc rem

cerunt.

Not that I think good order in a college should made to consist in the great number of rules. T multiplicity of laws is not always the sign of a go government. [] Ut antehac flagitiis, ita tunc legib laborabatur, says Tacitus. They are rather for t masters who know the necessity and advantages them, than for the scholars who are apt to rise up the bare name of laws. The example of the forme and an habit of practising these rules contracted the other, is a living law, preferable to all that a written. It were to be wished we could say of college, what the same [u] Tacitus says of the Ge mans, that good morals there have more force tha good laws in other places. Plus ibi boni mores c lent, quam alibi bonæ leges,

ARTICLE IV.

OF EDUCATION.

v

BY this word I here understand the particular ca that is taken in forming the manners and characte of youth, wherein I suppose a great part of educa tion to consist.

This care relates either to the body or the mind and it is the principal's business to see that both a improved.

We may

refer all that concerns the body to neat ness and gracefulness.

With reference to neatness, I cannot do better tha quote the express terms of the statute and injunctio

uisite not only to give them a good taste for learnng and the sciences, but also to teach them a civil nd courteous manner of behaviour, which are so ecessary for society and the commerce of life. On he other hand, the boys must not be allowed to e too gaudy and trim in their apparel, nor must hey affect to have their hair trimmed up and urled with too much care and art." This injunc 1 is very judicious, as it commands us to avoid the › extremes, which are alike vitious. We must not refore suffer any affectation of finery in the scholars, 1 much less those airs of petits maîtres, by which y sometimes strive to distinguish themselves.

racefulnes with reference to the boys consists in a od address, in having a countenance settled and mot, in walking with an easy and natural air, in keepthemselves upright, in making a handsome bow, in falling into indecent postures, nor indulging a cern air of negligence. For this end dancing-masters useful to a certain degree, and Quintilian approves our making some use of them. [y] Ne illos quireprehendendos putem, qui paulum etiam palæstrivacaverint. But he was far from allowing, that ch persons should be employed in this office, as were amous and scandalous by their very profession. Hos esse abeo, quem instituimus, quàm longissimè velim. confines this study to a narrow compass and adIs only of the few necessary circumstances we have scribed above. Ut recta sint brachia, ne indoctæ

] Provideant pædagogi & mari, ut sui discipuli abhorreant à u immundo, luculento, & agresne sint insigniter negligentes in tu: ne discincti, impexi, illoti: on solùm in literaturâ, sed eti

humanitatem politioremque urbanitatem ediscant. Sed hi, neque lasciviant immodestiùs, neque tortos arte & studio capillos cincinnosve ferant. Stat. 14. Append..

[y] Quintil. lib. i. cap. 11.

rusticæ-ve manus, ne status indecorus, ne qua in pr ferendis pedibus inscitia, ne caput oculique ab a corporis inclinatione dissideant. "That they sho

carry their arms becomingly; that their han "should be taught to avoid an air of rusticity; th "neither their gesture nor gait should be slovenly, n "their eyes or their heads turned ungracefully awry I have elsewhere spoken of politeness, which par belongs to the body, and partly to the mind. I what is essential in this qualification lies in not bei too fond of one's self, nor doing every thing for on own sake; in avoiding to do or say any thing to offe others; in seeking opportunities of doing them pleasure; and in preferring their convenience and clinations to our own. This the masters should pr cipally take care of; and when the boys are exercis in the practice of these maxims, they easily grow lite, and upon going abroad into the world will lea in three months all they want to know in this respe

But the great and capital application of a princip and in proportion of all the other masters, is to wo upon the genius and humour of the boys, and in t respect do them an infinite service. But herein cannot make any great progress by public instructio but may by private conversations, in which the bo may open themselves to him, speak to him with berty, and tell him their grievances; and here th may be taught to know themselves, not to be d pleased when they are told their faults, to discov them first and sincerely own them, to enquire af proper methods of amendment, to desire the maste directions upon this head, and to come and give account to him from time to time of the benefit th have found by them.

Suppose, for instance, that the scholar is natura addicted to pride and vanity, he talks often of hi self, and always with self-esteem and complacency, boasts upon every occasion of the nobility of his fan ly, the high places of his parents, their wealth and t magnificence of their equipage, furniture, and tab

1.

When he makes him a visit, after some preliary discourse, which may sometimes last the longer, order to pave the way for something better and e serious, the conversation must be made to turn -n what relates to this young man. If upon the stions that are put to him, he owns his prevailing it, and ingenuously confesses it, we should seem to well satisfied with him, to commend his sincerity, let him know that a fault acknowledged and coned, is already half amended. If he does not allow t, which may happen either designedly or not, we st endeavour insensibly to let him into it by urging -ticular facts, though without reproach or bitters, by the opinion of his masters, and even the tesony of his companions; and sometimes he must allowed time to reflect more maturely upon it. en at last he begins to own his fault, we must envour to shew him the deformity and ridicule of it; w our own self-love, rightly considered, must give an aversion for it; as instead of the esteem we prose to ourselves in such foolish boasting, we gain only ntempt and hatred. We must lay before him the ample of some one of his companions of great worth d merit, that is humble and modest, and esteemed d beloved by all the world. After having thus inted out to him his disease, we must next proceed provide a remedy, by enjoining him to talk no ore of himself or his family, of his parents, or their alth and dignity; not to set himself above others in s own opinion, to despise nobody, and to speak adntageously of his companions. About a fortnight ter he may be called for again, and after being inrmed by the masters of every thing relating to him, e gather it all from his own mouth, as though we

had