Thames. Dec. 24, 1736, Feb. 9, 1762, Feb. 2, 1791, 1808, greatly exceeded its usual bounds, and did great damage to the warehouses and cellars on its banks Oct. 21, 1812, Palace-Yard and Westminster Hall deluged by it Dec. 28, 1814, the tide in, rose remarkably high Tide ebbed and flowed three times in one hour, at Lyme, in Dorsetshire, May 31, 1582 the tide was suddenly and violently agigitated on the south coast of England, so as to rise and fall above two feet in a few minutes, several times, Nov. 1, 1755, during the earthquake at Lisbon -four times in an hour at Whitby, July 17, 1761 did great damage on the coast of Essex, and destroyed the sea-walls on its eastern coast, Feb. 2, 1791 - at Plymouth, the tide rose two feet perpendicular in nine minutes, and retired as rapidly; and this it did three times in less than one hour, Oct 30, 1795 the tide did great damage in several parts of England, 1808 rose much higher than usual, as had been predicted by astronomers, Feb. 25, 1811 ebbed and flowed twice in one tide, Nov. 1, 1827 Toad, a live one, found in a block of stone at Newark, April 15, 1806 -another found alive, in the heart of an oak-tree about thirty inches in diameter, at Rainford, Lancashire, Jan. 1810 -another found inclosed in stone in the line of the London and Birmingham Railway, which passes through the Park Garden of Coventry, June 16, 1835 VAPOUR Cave at Pyrmont, discovered to have similar effects as the Grotto del Cane, in Italy, and the Poison Valley in Java, 1733 Vesuvius (Mount) threw out so great a quantity of flame and smoke, that the air was darkened, and the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum were overwhelmed bythe burning lava, A.D. 79.-Herculaneum was discovered in 1737, and several curiosities have been dug out of it since. (See further, VESUVIUS, under ACCIDENTS, EARTHQUAKES, &c.) Volcano, in the isle of Ferro, broke out Sept. 13, 1777, which threw out an immense quantity of red water, that discoloured the sea for several leagues a new volcano appeared in one of the volcano of Albay in Manilla, burst forth -Tomboro mountain, in the island Samba ron, burst forth, by which much shipping and many lives were lost, May, 1815 - volcanic island (called Hotham island by Captain Swinburne, who observed its rise,) which, by a submarine eruption, suddenly rose from the bosom of the sea, July 12, 1831, on the coast of Sicily; suddenly disappeared in 1832, leaving in its place a dangerous shoal, of an oval figure, about three-fifths of a mile in extent. Re-appeared, 1833 - in the year 1811, a similar phenomenon, called Sabrina island, occurred off the island of St. Michael, one of the Azores, which, after a few months' existence, disappeared, leaving only a dangerous shoal in its place, which exists to this day WHALES-One driven on shore in the Humber, 1570 on the coast of Norfolk, 1751 - one driven ashore near Berwick, 1752 thirteen driven ashore on the coast of England, Feb. 24, 1762 - one killed above London-bridge, Sept. 1781 one, 19 feet long, killed at Execution Dock, Aug. 22, 1796 one killed at Hull, Nov. 1797 - one in the Thames, Sept. 1799 another at Leith in the same month - eighteen driven on shore at St. Fergus, in Scotland, Oct. 1800 one taken in the Downs, and another came on shore near Arklow, in Ireland, Oct. 1802; the latter was 80 feet long - a young one, 75 feet in length, exhibited to the populace near London-bridge, March, 1809; the blubber valued at 1502. - ninety-two of a new species driven on shore on one of the Orkney Islands, Dec. 1806 -one of enormous size taken on the coast LAWS, COURTS OF JUSTICE, OATHS, TAXES, &c. ABJURATION oath, first required, 1701 Adultery punished by cutting off the nose and ears, 1031 made capital, 1650 Affirmation of the Quakers first accepted as an oath, 1702 - alteration made in it, Dec. 13, 1721 African bill, to supply that trade with calicoes, 1765 Agrarian law introduced at Rome, 486 before Christ Ale and ale-houses in England, made mention of in the laws of Ina, king of Wessex - first licensed, 1551 Aliens forbidden to hold church livings, and juries for their trials to be half foreigners, 1430 - prevented from exercising any trade or handicraft by retail, 1483 Alien bill passed, Jan. 4, 1793 -repealed and a new bill passed, 1816 Allegiance (oath of) first administered, 1606 altered, 1689 Almanack stamps increased, 1781 stamp-duty taken off, 1834 Ambassadors first protected by a law, 1709 their protection restrained, 1773 American duties, act passed, 1764 -on tea, 1767 -royalists relieved, 1785 Annuities for life regulated, 1777 Apothecaries exempted from civil offices, 1702 -act for better regulating the practice of, passed, 1815 Appeal of murder abolished, 1820 Appeals to the pope first made, 1138 forbidden, 1532 Arable lands restrained, and pasture enforced, 1534 Arbitration act passed, 1698 Armorial bearings introduced into England, to distinguish nobles, 1100 taxed, 1798, 1808 Array (the first commission of) to raise the militia, 1422 Arrest, vexatious ones, prevented by an act, May 17, 1793 - for less than 10%. forbidden, 1779 - for less than 207., or on a bill of exchange for 157., June 14, 1810 Artificers' bill, to prevent their seduction, 1787 Assaying of gold and silver legally established, 1354 Assize of bread and ale in England established, 1266 - again, legally, 1710 assize of bread repealed, July, 1815 BACHELOR'S tax, 1695 - again, 1785 and 1796 Bail court established, 1830 Bankrupts in England first regulated by law, 1543 enacted, that members of the house of commons becoming bankrupts, and not paying their debts in full, shall vacate their seats, 1812. (See Bankrupts, MEMORABLE EVENTS) Bankruptcy court established, 1831 Beer act first passed, 1643 Benefit of the clergy taken from murderers, Benefit societies act first passed, 1795 Bills of exchange (made felony to counterfeit), 1734 taxed, 1783 Birth of children taxed, 1695, 1783 Black rent established in Ireland, 1412 Bondage released by Queen Elizabeth, in many of her manors, 1574 Boston port bill, for its removal, 1775 Boundaries and divisions of counties, and limits of cities and boroughs, for the purposes of parliamentary reform, 1832 Brewers' licences taxed, 1784 Bread ordered not to be sold till 24 hours old, to lessen its consumption, March, 1800 Bribery, &c. at elections, first forbidden by law, 1696 Bricks and tiles taxed, 1784 Broad-swords forbidden by law to be worn in Edinburgh, July 21, 1724 Brokers regulated in London by law, 1697 Buckingham-house bought for the queen,1775 Builders act passed, 1764 - amended, 1766 Buildings regulated by law, 1764, 1770, 1772 Buonaparte, bill for detaining him in cus tody in the island of St. Helena, passed, April 9, 1916 readmitted, 1786 Canon law first introduced into England, 1140 Capper or hatter, a statute passed, that none should sell any hat above 20d. nor cap above 2s. 8d., 1489 Caps. A law enacted that every person Cards and dice double taxed, April 8, 1756 Cattle prohibited to be imported into Eng- Chancery (court of) established, 1605 present one by William I., 1066 the first person qualified for chancellor, by education, was Sir Thomas More, 1530, the office before being rather that of a secretary of state than the president of a court of justice first reference to a master in, owing to the ignorance of the chancellor, Sir Christopher Hatton, 1588 in 1829, the effects of the suitors in the Court of Chancery amounted to 38,386,1357. 19s. 5d. offices (certain) abolished, 1832 Chest at Chatham, enforced by law, 1590 Church benefices forbidden to be held by Churches, 50 new ones built, act passed, 1711 Circuits, justiciary, established, 1176 in Scotland, 1712 Civil list debts paid, 1777 Clandestine marriages forbidden by act, 1753 Clergy excluded from being members of the English parliament, by stat. Geo. III. voluntarily resigned the privilege of taxing themselves, 1664 Clocks and watches taxed, 1797 repealed, 1798 Coachmakers' licences commenced, 1785 Duke of Richmond, which was convert- Combinations among journeymen forbidden Commissioners appointed for the public ac Common pleas (court of) established, 1215 Conservators of public liberties chosen in Contractors with government disqualified for Contributions from the public demanded by Copyhold and freehold estates made assets Copy-right act first passed, 1710 farther secured in 1814 Corn (bill to permit the exportation of) -to permit the importation when British wheat shall be at 80s. per quarter, 1815 *The corn laws, which prohibit the importation of corn from those countries that have no other valuable commodity to give in exchange for those articles and manufactures that are exported to them, are a specimen of the grossest acts of injustice ever inflicted on an unsuspecting people, and an evidence of intellectual perversion in legislation rarely equalled Corporation and Test acts repealed, May 9, 1828 Coronation oath enacted, 1689 Cotton manufacturers' utensils prohibited to Counsel first allowed to persons guilty of Counties first sent members to parliament by authority, 1258 County courts first erected, 896 Courts of conscience, or requests, in London, | Drunkenness in the commonalty restrained began, 1517 - again, 1603 - in Bristol, Gloucester, and Newcastle, Nov. 30, 1689 extended to the sum of 51., Oct. 1, 1800 Courts of justice instituted at Athens, 1272 before Christ Cox's Museum lottery, 1773 Criminals ordered for transportation instead of execution, 1590 - Henry VIII. executed 72,000 during his reign Crown lands resumed by law, 1449 Curates (stipendiary), law for the better support and maintenance of, enacted, 1813 according to the diocesan returns for the year 1831, there were 4373 curates; the stipends of two of them were returned as under 10%.; of 1278, the stipend did not exceed 637.; of 1282, it did not exceed 1107.; and only 32 were returned whose stipend exceeded 2002. ⚫ Curfew-bell established by William the Conqueror, 1068 abolished in 1100 to 168,000. in 1622 to 500,000. in 1642 to 1,555,6007. in 1720 to 1,593,000l. in 1721 -to 1,094,000%. in 1774 to 2,000,000/. in 1748 to 9,973,2407. in 1808 to 9,070,5447, in 1816 to 15,961,2067. in 1829 -to 16,425,7427. in 1830 to 15,201,2997. in 1832 -to 15,240,0277. in 1833 -to 26,225,2617. in 1834 -to 18,408,2127. in 1836 (officers of the) deprived of voting for members of parliament, 1782 DANEGELT, a land-tax first established by Ethelred II., 991 abolished by Stephen, 1136 Deaths taxed, 1783 Declaration of rights, bill passed, 1689 Dictum de Kennilsworth passed, 1266 Dissolution of monasteries by act, 1539, to the value of 361,000l. per annum (50,000 religious were maintained by it) equal now to 1,750,000.-There were 643 monasteries, 90 colleges, 374 chapelries, and 110 hospitals Dog-stealers act passed, 1830 tax on dogs, 1796 and 1808 Dooomsday-book began, 900 finished, 1086 Dramatic authors' bill passed, 1833 Dress restrained by law, 1465, 1574 and 1580 Droit d'Aubaine abolished in France, Aug. 6, 1790 Drunkenness forbidden by the canon law to the clergy, 741 by law, 975 Duelling, in civil matters, forbidden in France, 1305 -introduced into England, 1587 Dyeing, abuses in it prevented, 1783 EAST India Company's act first passed, 1718 Elections made void by bribery, 1696, 1725, 1778, and 1788 Engines, buildings, and machinery, used in and about collieries, &c. (destroying of), made a capital offence, 1815 English parents forbidden by law from sell. ing their children out of the kingdom, 1000 language to be used in all law pleadings, 1362 - ordered to be used in all law-suits, May, 1731 Engraving protected by a bill, 1775 and 1777 Entailing estates introduced by statute, 1279 and 1307 Entertainment (places of) about London, licensed, 1752 Exchequer chamber (court of) erected by Edward III., 1359 - improved by Elizabeth, 1584 Exchequer (court of) instituted on the model of the transmarine exchequer in Normandy, 1079 exchequer stopped payment from Dec. 2, 1672, to May following - English and Irish exchequer consolidated, 1816 Excise office formed, 1643 - its officers deprived of their votes for members of parliament, 1782 Excise on beer, ale, &c. first imposed by act of parliament, 1643 bill passed, Nov. 25, 1690 scheme introduced into the house of commons, and opposed by every trading town in the kingdom, 1733 -for one week, in 1773, it amounted to 28,000Z. in 1744, it was 3,754,0727.-In the same year the malt-distillery of London was 459,000Z. the revenue was 3,847,000l. in 1746 Excommunication from Rome forbidden to be used in England, under severe penalties, 1391 Explanation (Irish act of) passed, 1665 Exportation of corn permitted by law, 1663 - bounty granted, 1689 Extents in aid (process of) abolished, 1822 Eyre (justices in), the office instituted by Henry II., 1184 -the last instance of their holding a court in any of the forests, is believed to have been during the reign of Charles II, FEMALE servant tax commenced, 1785 - ceased, 1792 Fencing schools in London prohibited, as introductory to duels, 1285 Feodal or feudal laws, the tenure of land by suit and service to the lord or owner of it, introduced into England by the Saxons, about 600 the slavery of this tenure increased under William I. 1068. This was dividing the kingdom into baronies, giving them to certain persons, and requiring those persons to furnish the king with money, and a stated number of soldiers - it was discountenanced in France by Louis XI. about 1470 restored and limited by Henry VII. 1495 abolished by statute, 12 Charles II. 1662 Fiery ordeal enforced, 1042 Fines and Recoveries.-The frivolous and absurd formalities of fines and recoveries for barring entails abolished, 1833 Fires occasioned by servants made punishable, 1707 First fruits' act passed, 1704 Fishing towns legally regulated, 1542 Fishing on our coasts (the Dutch forced to pay a tribute for), 1609 the Dutch paid 30,000l. for liberty to fish, 1683 -Welwood, in his answer to Grotius, says, "that the Scotch obliged the Dutch, by treaty, to keep 80 miles from the shore in fishing, and to pay a tribute at the port of Aberdeen, where a tower was erected for that and other purposes, and the Dutch paid the tribute even in the memory of our forefathers." Five-mile act passed, Oct. 31, 1665. This act obliged non-conformist teachers, who refused to take the non-resistance oath, not to come within five miles of any corporation where they had preached since the act of oblivion, unless they were travelling, under the penalty of 50%. Foreigners forbidden to follow trade by retail, 1483 - indulged with one-half foreigners in juries, 1430 Forfeited estates (resumption of) act passed, 1699 - in Scotland, restored by parliament, 1784 Forgery first punished with death in England, 1634 Forging of letters of attorney for the transfer of stock made felony, 1722 Fornication made capital for the second of. fence, 1650 Frames, stocking or lace, (destroying of) made a capital offence, 1812 -the law to continue in force until March 1, 1814 Frauds by bankrupts punished, by act passed, 1732 Freeholders permitted to alienate their lands, 1492 and 1512 - under 40%. per annum unqualified to vote ...for members of parliament, 1429 Freemasons forbidden in England, 1424 Freemasons tolerated by act of 1429 French tongue abolished in courts of justice, 1362 GAME-ACT first passed, 1496 certificates commenced, 1785 Gaming-houses licensed in Lon Gaming prevented, by an act p Gaol fees abolished by law, 181 Gin-act passed, July 24, 1737 Gypsies expelled out of Englan Gladiators (the combats of) ab Glass-tax established, 1746 Glove-tax repealed, Aug. 2, 17 Gold coin permitted by act of be destroyed, 1773 -reduced to the standard, Au Greenwich hospital began to r month from every seaman, in 1s. from June, 1797 Guineas reduced by parliamen 21s. 1717 HABEAS CORPUS act passed, 16 May 27, 1679 suspended in 1715, for six m 1716, for six months 1722, for twelve months 1744, for six months - 1779, for six months 1794, 1795, 1798, 1799, and months -in 1801, for six weeks again, in 1803, in consequen rebellion suspended in consequence in each house of parlia green-bag committee, Ma the suspension to contin suspension renewed a few to the expiration of that p writs of, made issuable in returnable immediately, 1 Hackney-coaches established b liament, June 24, 1694 Hair-powder tax began, 1795 Hanover-sucession established Harlots, or common prostitut wear striped hoods of party their garments the wrong s 27 Edward III. 1355 Hat-tax commenced, Oct. 1, 1 stamps for ditto, 1796 repealed, 1811 Hawkers and pedlars licens 1697 |