the consolidated fund, and constitutes | Tea duties ceased, and the double-tax on Terms of law begun, 1079 - Hilary Term begins Jan. 11, ends Jan. - Trinity Term begins May 22, ends June - by stat. 1, Wm. IV. c. 73, in case the day Test act passed, 1673 Thames embankment begun, 1771 Threatening letters made punishable, by act Tiles taxed, 1784 Tithes first granted, in 854 Tobacco (a proclamation against) used formerly for physic, and a tax laid on it, without the consent of parliament, of 6s. 8d. per pound, besides 2d. formerly. It came from the Spanish West Indies, 1604 prohibited to be planted here, 1624 Transportation of felons introduced, 1590 - paid by the English to the Danes, in one Triennial parliaments established, 1694 -repealed, 1716 Trinity act passed, to exempt from penalties persons denying the doctrine of, 1813 Truck system, or payment of wages in certain trades, in goods, or otherwise than in the current coin of the realm, prohibited, 1831 VASSALAGE or serfs abolished b stein and Sleswic, in Denma Vice-chancellor (office of) crea Victualler-enacted, that none than one full ale quart of th ld. and two quarts of the s ld., 1603 UNIFORMITY (act of) passed, 1 - took place, 1662 Union act for Scotland, passed - for Ireland, passed, July 2, place, Jan. 1, 1801 Urine-the inhabitants of Lon minster, &c. commanded by to keep all their urine, t year, for making saltpetre, Usury forbidden by parliamen -in 1260, 2s. per week for t which was at the rate of ann. for 1007. restrained b against the Jews Waggon duty commenced, 17 Wales incorporated with Eng Watches and clocks taxed, 17 repealed, 1798 Welshmen forbidden purcha England, 1401 Whale fishery promoted, by 1749 Widowers taxed, 1695 Wills. (Vide MEMORABLE E Window-tax act passed (first) the net produce of the England and Wales, 1,262,3187. 2s. 6d. *The houses having the of windows in England which has 722; Woburn, Wentworth, which has which has 453; Petwor 350; Chatsworth, which Stowe, which has 261 Wine licenses established, 16 Witchcraft act passed, 1601 repealed, March 25, 1736 ***Barrington, in his Wo cient Statutes, estimat 30,000 persons were ex land for this imaginary g Witnesses (two) required to treason, 1552 Woods (an act for the preser - first taxed by parliament, 3 Wool and woollen manufact and America, prohibited to where but to England, 170 enacted, that none should in woollen, under the pe and 1678, but repealed, Wool, exportation forbidden ed, 1788 Woollen cloths for burials fi law, 1678 Wolves' heads, tribute fr princes, 975 YORK (Duke of) had 40,000 KINGDOMS, STATES, CITIES, TOWNS, &c. &c. FOUNDED. BINGDON, in Berks, built in 517 chaia founded, 1800 before Christ gra (East Indies) presidency of, established, 1834 ix-la-Chapelle built, 795 lexandria, in Egypt, built by Alexander the Great, the walls whereof were six miles in circuit, 332 before Christ taken by the French, 1798 and 1836 giers was a Roman province, 44 before Christ seized by Barbarossa, 1516 seized by the French, 1833 merica first discovered by Columbus, 1492 the complete discovery of South America was made by Vespuccius Americanus, a Florentine, from whom it derives its name, 1497 Mexico was conquered by Spain, 1518 Brazil was discovered by the Portuguese, 1500; planted by them in 1549; now erected into an independent empire Terra Firma was conquered by Spain, in 1514 North America was first discovered by Sebastian Cabot, a Venetian, in the service of England, and his son John Cabot, an Englishman, in 1497 John Cabot settled Newfoundland, the first English colony in America, 1498 Florida was first discovered by John Cabot, in 1500; it was ceded to Spain, by the peace of 1783; now one of the United States Louisiana was discovered by the French, 1663; they took possession of it, 1718; but eastward of the Mississippi was ceded to England, 1763; now forms one of the United States e first British settlement made in North America was in Virginia, 4 James I., 1607 ew England was the second, in 1614, by che Plymouth Company 1620, a large body of dissenters, who Hed from church tyranny in England, urchased the Plymouth patent, and uilt New Plymouth lem was built in 1628; and Boston, the resent capital, 1630 Packet-boats first established between Free trade opened between Old and New Several viceroys appointed in Spanish Thirteen colonies united, and declared themselves independent of the English crown, July 4, 1776; allowed by France, Feb. 6, 1778; by Holland, Oct. 8, 1782 by the English parliament, Nov. 30, 1783 - American congress first met at Philadel phia, Sept. 5, 1775 William Henry (Duke of Clarence, now William IV.), third son of King George III., was the first prince of the blood royal that ever landed in North America, 1781 Spanish America declared itself independent, 1810 Provinces of, assembled in congress, declared the sovereignty of the people, July 5, 1811 Amsterdam first settled, 1203 walled, 1482 taken possession of by the French, Jan. Andover made a free burgh, 1205 pillaged by its garrison, 1576 - ruined, 1585 declared a free port, 1784 surrendered to the French, 1794 Aquitaine erected into a principality, 1362 nnsylvania was settled by William-re-annexed to the crown of France, 1730 Penn, a celebrated Quaker, in whose amily the patent lately subsisted, 1681 aryland, by Lord Baltimore, 1633 rolina, by English merchants, 1670 w York was first settled by the Dutch; ut the English dispossessed them and e Swedes, 1664 Areopagas first erected at Athens, 1272 be Argos (the kingdom of) began, 1586 before Arragon erected into a kingdom, 912 L3 Assyria. Lasted above 1264 years; ended with Sardanapalus -out of its ruins were formed the Assyrians of Babylon, those of Nineveh, and the Medes | Bruges fortified, 890 Burgundy (the dukedom of) established, 890 the kingdom founded, 413 - again, in 814 Athens (kingdom of) began, 1556 before united to the German empire, 1035 Bilboa rebuilt, 1300 Bohemia (kingdom of) founded, 550 Brandenburgh created a marquisate, 925 Brazil erected into an empire, 1827 Bremen fortified, 1010 British Isles. They were inhabited originally by a people called Britons, of the same stock with the ancient Gauls or Celtæ the Romans first invaded them under Julius Cæsar, 54 B.C., but made no conquests -the emperor Claudius, and his generals Plautius, Vespasian, and Titus, subdued several provinces after 30 pitched battles with the natives, A.D. 43 and 44 the conquest was completed by Agricola in the reign of Domitian, 85 wrested from the Roman empire by Carausius, 289; recovered by Constantius, 296. The Romans held their conquests till 428; then the old inhabitants called in the Saxons to assist them against the Picts and Scots; those Saxons made a second conquest, and divided South Briton into seven kingdoms, 455 this government was called the Saxon Heptarchy, and lasted till 829, when Egbert having subdued and united them under one government, was crowned King of England. (See England.) Britanny, founded as a kingdom, 383 - made a duchy, 874 annexed to the crown of France, 1150 Bruges founded, 700 -disunited by a revolt, and divided into four sovereignties, 1074 Byzantium, now Constantinople, founded, 715 B.C. Delft city founded, 1072 Denmark united to Norway, 1412 separated from it, 1521 crown made hereditary, 1660 Pomerania, and the isle of Rugen annexed to it in exchange for Norway, by treaty, Jan. 14, 1814 Deptford erected for the king's naval storehouse, 1513 Domingo (St.) given up by the French governor, Rochambeau, to the black troops, Nov. 19, 1803 conquered in 1500 settled by them in 1506. The first settlement was Goa the first commercial intercourse of the - a new company established, 1698 India bill passed, 1773 sent judges from England thither, 1774 Dutch East India company established, 1594 James II. was the first king crowned Egypt (the kingdom of) began 2188 before - reduced to a province, 31 after Christ Dover castle built by Julius Cæsar; town Elbing, in Prussia, founded, 1240 fortified, 1525 Dresden founded, 808 Dublin city walls built about 838 - its first charter granted, 1173 castle built, 1220 -university founded, 1591 - students admitted to its university, Jan. 1594 Dunkirk founded, 966 EAST INDIES were first discovered by the Romans, but authors differ as to the time, but with certainty we know, that Alex Elsineur, in Denmark, built 2 before Christ England, originally inhabited by the Britons, a branch of the ancient Gauls, or Celta.The western part, in the time of the Romans, was inhabited by the Belgæ, the northern by the Brigantes, South Wales by the Silures, and Norfolk and Suffolk by the Iceni -invaded by Julius Cæsar, 54 B.C. -the Romans kept possession till 410 invited over by the ancient inhabitants, and they divided it into seven kingdoms, called the heptarchy ravaged by the Picts and Scots, 448 -erected into a kingdom by the union of all the kingdoms of the heptarchy, near 400 years after the arrival of the Saxons, 823 called England by order of Egbert, who was the first king of England, in a general council held at Winchester, A.D. 827 the name of England and of Englishmen, had been used as far back as 688, but had never been ratified by any assembly of the nation conquered by the Danes, 877 -recovered by Alfred, 880 divided into counties and hundreds, 886 - a general survey made, and the rolls deposited at Winchester, 896 -an inglorious peace made with the Danes, and tribute agreed to be paid annually, besides 16,000l. in money, provided they retired, and discontinued their invasions, 995 -in 1002 the Danes broke the agreement, committed horrid cruelties and devastations, and the timid Ethelred II. paid them no less than 24,000l. for peace, which sum was levied by a tax on all the lands in England for Danegelt, by which ignominious name this first landtax was known and collected in England, till it was suppressed by Edward the Confessor, in 1051. William I. revived it as a crown revenue in 1012, Swein totally conquered England, and obliging Ethelred to retire to Normandy, was proclaimed king remained in the hands of the Danish kings, till 1042 William, duke of Normandy, claimed the crown, invaded England, defeated the reigning king Harold II. and the English were next governed by the Norman line, 1066 a new survey made of England, and the register called Doomsday-book, being however only an alteration and improvement of Alfred's, 1080 the taxes were levied according to this survey till 13 Henry VIII. 1522, when a more accurate survey was taken, and was called by the people the new Doomsday-book - put under an interdict by the pope, for John's opposing his nomination to the see of Canterbury, 1206 interdict taken off on John's submission, 1214 all in arms, 1215 -underwent a reformation in government, ceeded to the throne of England, by the title of James I. 1603 the two kingdoms united by the consent of both nations, and thenceforth named Great Britain, 1707 Ireland united to England and Scotland, and the whole denominated the British empire, Jan. 1, 1801 Prince of Wales sworn in regent of the Erfurt, in Thuringia, founded, 476 FORT ST. GEORGE, in India, first settled by the English East India Company, 1620 France, the country of the ancient Gauls, a colony of the Belge from Germany were permitted to settle in it, 200 B.C. was conquered by the Romans 25 B.C. conquered, except Paris, by Edward III. -the English crown lost all its possessions in France in the reign of Henry VI. between 1434 and 1450. This is the only state in Europe that could boast a perpetual succession from the conquerors of the western empire -- - its first king was Pharamond, who began to reign in 418 Clovis was the first Christian king, 481. It was peopled by the natives of Germany, who crossed the Rhine to invade the Gauls the assemblies, called the states general, first met in 1302, and continued to 1614 Scots guards were ever about the king, from the reign of St. Louis to that of Henry 11.; and continued through 41 reigns of kings from Charlemagne - king of, taken prisoner by the English, 1356, under Edward the black prince the Taillion tax established, 1549 the French began to date from the birth of Christ, 1618; before they reckoned from the creation Queen mother of, visited England, 1638 Law's banking scheme, something like the South Sea bubble in England, took place, 1716 destroyed, 1720 Francis I. taken prisoner by the im perialists, and carried into Spain, Aug. 1525; killed at a tilting-match, 1559 allowed the American independency, Feb. 16, 1778 |