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while; after a time. [Dhik'ee plaeus-1 bee tu bee zoa'uld aadr beet,] that place will be for sale before very long. [Aadr u beet, shl-ae'u saum.] in a short time (I) shall have some. There are various fine shades of meaning to this phrase, which are by no means fully conveyed by the above definitions. In the first case an interval of years might be meant and so understood; in the second a waiting for the season of the year is implied.

AFTERCLAP [aa'dr-klaap]. Arrière pensée; non-adherence to a bargain, or a shuffling interpretation of it. [Aunur bruy't un noa aa dr-klaaps,] honour bright and no afterclaps, is a constant expression in contracting bargains or agreements.

These toppingly gests be in number but ten,
As welcome in dairie as Beares among men.
Which being descried, take heede of you shall,

For danger of after claps, after that fall.-Tusser, 49 d.

AFTERDAVY [aa'fturdae uvee, aa dr-dae uvee]. Affidavit. This is a word, which though common enough, has a kind of importance as being known to be connected with the law, and it is therefore generally pronounced with deliberation as above; gradually the sound slides into the second mode if the word is repeated several times. I'll take my bible [aa'dr-dae uvee] o' it, is a very common asseveration.

AFTER GRASS [aa‍dr graas], sb. In other districts called aftermath or latter-math, but seldom in this. The grass which grows after the hay is gone. It is not a second crop to be mown, but to be fed. The term is applied to old pasture or meadow which has been mown, and not often to clovers and annual grasses. See SECOND

GRASS.

AFTERNOON FARMER [aar drnèon faarmur], sb. (Very com.) One who is always behind-i. e. late in preparing his land, in sowing or harvesting his crops. See ARRISH.

AG [ag], v. t. To nag, to provoke, to keep on scolding. Her'll ag anybody out o' their life, her will.

Thy skin all vlagged, with nort bet Agging, and Veaking, and Tiltishness. Exmoor Scold. 1. 75.

AGAIN [ugee un]. Twice, double. [Dhik dhae ur dhae ur-z-u aard ugee'un-z tuudh'ur], that there one there is twice as hard as the other. [S-av'ee ugee un] = twice as heavy [z-oa'uld ugee'un], twice as old, &c. In all senses pronounced as above. See COME AGAIN.

AGAINST [ugins], adv. Towards; in the direction of. A young man speaking of a young woman said: [Aay waint ugins ur,] I went to meet her.-Aug. 25, 1883.

ben wey he nom to Londone

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he & alle his,
As king & prince of londe wip nobleye ynou;
Azen him wip uair procession pat fole of toune drou,
& vnderueng him vaire inou as king of þis lond.

Robt. of Gloucester, Will, the Conqueror, 1. 210.

And preyeth hir for to riden azein the queene,
The honour of his regne to susteene.

Chaucer, Man of Lawe's Tale, 1. 4811.

Bot when Seynt Wultrud wyst þat þuse relekes weron comyng,
W. pcession azeynes hem, fulle holylyche he went po,
And brou3t hem to be aut', pe ladyes syngyng,
And set pat lytulle shryne upoñ Seynt Edes auter also.

Chron. Vil. A D. 1420, st. 748.

What man is this that commeth agaynst us in the felde?

Coverdale's Vers. (Genesis xxiv. 65 )

Against whom came queen Guenever, and met with him,
And made great joy of his coming.

Malory, Morte d'Arthur, vol. i. p. 179. Afraid, fearful. I be agast 'bout they grub'l ate every one o'm.

AGAST [ugaas], ad.
there mangle; I ver'ly bleive the
And he hem told ti3tly
Hadde gon in pe gardyn and him agast maked.

whiche tvo white beres

Will. of Palerme, 1. 1773.

I sei to 30w, my frendis, þat 3e ben not agast of hem þat sleen þe body.
Wyclif, Works, p. 20 (quoting Luke xii. 4).

And pan let pow pyn hornys blowe: a pousant at o blaste,
And wanne pe frensche men it knowe: pay wollep beo sore agaste.
Sir Ferumbras, 1. 3177.

See also Ibid. 11. 1766, 3316, 3603, 4238, 4413, 4687, 4710. See
Ex. Scold. 1. 229.

AGE [ae'uj]. In speaking of an absent person or animal the commonest form of inquiry, among even educated people, is— What age man is er? What age oss is er? The direct address would be, [Uw oal bee yùe ?], how old be you?

AGENTSHIP [ae'ujun-shúp], sb. Agency.

He've a tookt th' agentship vor the Industrial Insurance; but who's gwain vor t'insure he?

AGGERMONY [agurmunee], sb. The plant Agrimonia Eupatoria.

AGGRAVATE [ag'urvae ut], v. To tease, to exasperate. [Uur-z dhu moo ees agurvae uteens oal buun'l uvur aay kumd ukrau'st―uur-z unuuf t-agʻurvae'ut dhu vuur ee oal fuulur,] she is the most aggravatingest old bundle ever I came across-she is enough to aggravate the very Old fellow.

AGIN [ugún, gún]. 1. In preparation for, until.

[Mus sae'uv dhai gee'z gún Kuur'smus,] (I) must keep those

geese in preparation for Christmas.

[Aay kaa'n paay ut gún

Zad urdee nait,] I cannot pay it until Saturday night.

[Ee droavd aup ugún

2. Against, in violent contact with. dhu geerut,] he drove against the gate. See GIN.

AGO [ugèo, ugoo‘], past part. of to go = gone. It is strange the dialect should have so completely kept apart from the literary usage, as to have exactly reversed the meanings of ago and agone as given in the Dictionaries. Inasmuch as both forms, in both senses, seem to be archaic, or at least Mid. Eng., it is difficult to trace how in modern literature ago has come to be confined to time gone-while gone and agone have become applicable to motion only. Equally difficult is it to ascertain by what process the precise opposite has come to pass in the spoken English of the West.

It appears (see Murray) only to have changed from the older form agán about the thirteenth century, and to have ceased in literature, in this sense, before A.D. 1700. Since the last century it has only remained in polite English as an adjective of time--"an hour ago."

[Wuur-s u-bún tùe? dhee-urt lae'ut-s yùe zhl, dhai bee aul ugèo-z aaf aa wur,] where hast thou been? thou art late as usual; they are all ago this half-hour. [Dhur yùez tu bee u sait u rab'uts yuur, búd nuw dhai bee aul ugèo,] there used to be a sight of rabbits here, but now they are all ago.

I'd agot a capical lot one time, but they be ago, and I an't a-had none vor a brave while.

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And so it ffell on hem, in ffeith ffor ffaute's þat þey vsid,
pat her grace was agoo ffor grucchinge chere,

ffor be wronge þat þey wroute to wisdom affore.

Piers Plowman, Rich. Red. iii. 245.

poz I tell pis si3th whenne I am ago hens, no man wolle trowe me.

Gesta Roman. p. 8.

Alas heo saide, and welawo to longe y lyue in londe
Now is he fram me ago: þat schold be myn hosbonde.

Sir Ferumbras, 1. 2793.

(See also Ibid. ll. 290, 1215, 1648, 1764, 2351, 2794, 2958, 2986, 4013, 4009.)

Bot when Edwyge was pus a go,

Edgar his brother was made po kyng.

Chron. Vilod. st. 195. (See also Ibid. st. 128, &c.)

Dost think I euer c'had the art

To plou my ground up with my cart

My beast are all I goe.

Somerset Man's Compla'nt (xvii. cent.). Ex. Scold. p. 7.

See also W. S. Gram. p. 48.

AGONE [ugau'n], adv. Ago. This form is nearly invariable. (See AGO.) Twas ever so long agone. I 'count must be up a twenty year agone. [Zabm yuur ugau'n kaum Kan'lmus,] seven years ago next Candlemas.

Dr. Murray says: "The full form agone has been contracted to ago in some dialects. . . . In the end of the fourteenth century ago became the ordinary prose form from Caxton; but agone has remained dialectally, and as an archaic and poetic variant to the present day."

Such phrases as long agone, forty year agone, ever so long agone, &c., are quite familiar to all West-country folk.

And some also ben of pe route
That comen bot a while agon
And þei auanced were anon.

Gower, Tale of the Coff.rs, 1. 9.

For long agone I have forgot to court;
Besides, the fashion of the time is changed.

Two Gent. of Verona, III. i.

Oh, he's drunk, Sir Toby, an hour agone; his eyes were set at eight i' the morning!-Twelfth Night, V. i.

And my master left me, because three days agone I fell sick.
1 Sam. xxx. 13.

AGREEABLE [ugrai'ubl], adj. In accord with; consenting to; willing to agree with. [Wau'd-ee zai tùe u kwaurt? Aay bee ugrai ub!], what do you say to a quart? I am willing to join you.

AGREED [ugree'd], adj. Planned; arranged, as by conspiracy; in league. [Twuz u-greed dhing, uvoar dhai droad een,] it was a planned conspiracy, before they threw in-i. e. their hats for a wrestling bout.

Pass'l o' rogues, they be all agreed—i. e. in league together.

AGY [ae ujee], v. i. To show signs of age; to become old. [Uur aeujus vaa's,] she ages fast. [Súnz úz wuyv duyd, ee du ae ujee maa'ynlee,] since his wife died he ages mainly.

I ant a-zeed th' old man sinze dree wiks avore Makelmus (Michaelmas), gin I meet-n s'mornin, and I was a frightened to zee how the old man d'agy.

AH! (a.) (voice raising), [aa'u], interj. Ah! Interrogative exclamation of surprise indeed! you don't say so!

(b.) (voice falling).

=

Exclamation of disgust or disappointment. [Aau wuy-s-n muyn? dhae ur dhee-s u-toa urd-n!], ah! why dost not take care? there! thou hast broken it.

(c.) Simple Oh! Ah! my dear, I be very glad you be come. A, ze blynde fooles, drede 3e to lese a morsel of mete pan o poynt of charite? Wyclif, Eng. Works, E. E. T. S. p. 171.

A, þenke 3e, grete men, þat þis, &c.—Ibid. p. 179.

AH! [aau]. Yes. [Bee'ul-s u-ad dhi naiv ugee'un? Aau!], Bill, hast had thy knife again? Yes.

AICH [ae'uch]. The name of the aspirate h (always).

AILER. See HEALER.

AILING IRON [aa'yuleen uyur], sb. An implement for breaking off the spear from barley. See BARLEY STAMP.

AILS [aa yulz], sb. Usually applied to the beard of barley when broken off from the grain. These little spears are always called [baar lee aayulz]. The individual husks of any corn are also called [aayulz]. The term is only applied to the separated spear or husk -never when still attached to the grain. The singular is not often used, but I heard it said: [Ee-v u-gau't u aayul u daewst een dh-uy oa un,] he has an ail of dust-i. e. a husk in his eye. See DowSt.

AIM [aim], v.

I. To intend, to desire, to purpose.

[Núv'ur muyn dhur-z u dee'ur, ee daed-n aim t-aat ee,] never mind, there's a dear, he did not intend to hit you. [Ee du aim tu bee mae ustur, doa un ur?], he intends to be master, does he not? 2. To attempt. Be ure nobody widn never aim vor to break in and car away your flowers. 'Carry away" is a common euphemism for steal.

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Olyuer egerlich po gan to lok: and smot til him wip ire,
And eymede ful euene to 3yue pe strok; pe sarsyn on is swyre.
Sir Ferumbras, 1. 734-

[Dhu

AIN [ai'n ain(d u-ai'n(d], v. t. To throw (usual word). bwuuyz bee aineen stoa unz tu dhu duuks,] the boys are throwing stones at the ducks. [Aa'l aup wai u tuur mut un ain un tu dhu guurt ai'd u dhee,] I will take up a turnip and throw it at the great head of thee. This was said in the writer's presence by a man to an offending boy. A.S. hanan, to stone.

AIR [ae'ur], sb. and v. t. Always pronounced as a distinct dissyllable.

Somme in erpe, somme in aier, somme in helle deep.-Piers Plow. ii. 127. Place hiue in good ayer, set southly and warme

And take in due season wax, honie and swarme.-Tusser, 16/20. AISLE [uy ́ul, aa-yul], sb. The passage between the pews in a church or chapel. We know nothing of any distinction between nave and aisles; but there is [u aayul] to every church. See ALLEY.

AITHERWAYS [ai dhurwaiz], conj. Either (constant use); quite distinct from the adj. or pron., which is always [uudhur,] other.

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