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APPLE-PUMMY [aa.pl puum ee], sb. (Always.) The residuum of ground apples after all the cider has been extracted. While full of juice and in process of cider making, the ground apples are simply pummy (pomme).

I've a drawd a load o' apple-pummy up in the copse, I reckon they (the pheasants) 'll zoon vind it out. See CIDER-MUCK.

APPLE-SHRUB [aa'pl-shruub], sb. The Weigelia Rosea, no doubt so called from the likeness of its flowers to apple-blossom. The plant has soon become naturalized, for Dr. Prior says it was only introduced from China in 1855. It is now one of our commonest flowering shrubs.

APROPOS [aa breepoaz, haa·breepoa'z], v. defective. sembles, matches.

Re

one

[Dhik ee dhae ur aa breepoa'z muyn nuzaak lee,] that resembles, or matches, mine exactly. I heard this spoken of a canary. By no means uncommon.

APSE [aaps], sb. Abscess, tumcur.

This no doubt is an

Her 've a got a apse 'pon her neck. ignorant way of pronouncing abscess, which sounds so very like aapsez, and we all know that to be plural of apse. Inasmuch then as only one thing is referred to, we country-folks naturally drop the plural inflection.

APSE TREE [aaps tree]. Aspen tree. (Populus tremula.)

The wind 've a blowed down a girt limb o' thick apse tree.Oct. 1881. Here is a good example of corruption by the literary dialect, while the much-abused Hodge has retained the true form.

Ang. Sax. pse, adj. Tremulous. Apse, m. An aspen tree, a species of poplar.-Bosworth.

APURT [upuurt], adv. In a sulky, disagreeable manner; frowningly. Her tookt her zel off proper apurt, and no mistake.

ARBALE [aa'rbae'ul]. Populus alba. The only name. This tree, by no means rare in parks, &c., is often called by more educated people Abelia poplar. The wood is well known, and always called arbale by the country joiners.

ARBOR [aa'rbur], n. The shaft, spindle, or axle of a wheel or pulley. The word is not applied to a "pin" on which a pulley or wheel runs loosely, but an arbor is always fixed to it, so as to revolve with the wheel, and is of one solid piece. See GUDGEON.

ARBOURAGE. See HARBOURAGE.

ARB-RABBITS [aarb rab'uts], sb. Wild geranium.

We calls em sparrow birds, but the proper name's arb rabbits.—

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May 26, 1884.-S. R. This of course is arb-rabert Herb Robert (Geranium Robertianum).

ARBS [aarbz], sb. The general term for all kinds of "simples" or medicinal herbs.

Her's ter❜ble bad in her inside; her can't make no use o' nothin'; I've a-bwoiled down some arbs and a-gid her, and I've a-bin to Dr. vor her, but her idn no better, and her can't sar (earn) nort, and however we be gwain vor to maaintain her, I can't think nor stid.

This herb is under the dominion of Venus. It is esteemed an excellent remedy for the stone.—Culpeper, Herbal, p. 204.

ARCHANGEL [aarkan jee'ul], sb.

The yellow nettle, often called weazel snout. Gerard (Herbal, p. 702) calls the "yellow archangel," lamium luteum.

Our English archangels and a few others are yellow.

ARCH [aarch], v. t. Thick there road must water'll urn off vitty like.

Cornhill Mag., Jan. 1882.

To make or cause to be convex.

be a-arched a good bit more eet, vore the Hence

ARCHING [aar-cheen], adj. Convex.

He idn archin enough by ever so much.

ARG [aarg], v. i. To argue, to contend in words. common as downarg (q. v.).

Not so

He wanted vor t'arg how I'adn agot no right vor to go there, but I wadn gwain vor to be a downmarg by he.

ARGIFY [aa'rgifuy'], v. i. To argue, to dispute.

[Tuur'ubl fuul ur t-aargifuy, ee oan núv'ur gee een,] terrible fellow for arguing, he will never give in. More frequentative than arg.

ARM [aarm], v. t. To conduct another by walking arm-in-arm. "Zo your Jim's gwain to have th' old Ropy's maid arter all." "No, he idn." "Oh, idn er? well, I zeed-n a-armin o' her about, once, my own zul, last Zunday night as ever was."

ARM [aa'rm], sb. 1. Axle. The iron upon which the wheel of any carriage actually turns.

[Dhu weel km oa'f, un dh-aa'rm oa un wuz u-broa·kt rait oa'f,] the wheel came off, and its axle was broken right off. See AXLE

CASE.

2. The spoke or radius of any large wheel, such as a water-wheel, or the fly-wheel of a steam-engine. Also the beam of a windmill to which the sail is fixed. The entire motive power of a windmill

-i. e. each of its four great beams, with all the apparatus fixed to it— is called the arm.

ARM-WRIST [aarm-rús], sb. Wrist. He tookt ho'd o' my arm-wrist. Wrist is scarcely ever heard alone; it seems only to be considered as a part of the arm or hand, and is spoken of always in combination with one or the other-hand-wrist (q. v.) being the most common.

The leaves and roots

tied to the wrestes of the armes, take away fits. Gerard, Herbal, p. 428.

ARRANT [aa'runt], sb. Errand. applied to the articles bought at market. plain of some boys:

In the plural it is often

I heard a woman com

[Tu au lur aa dr ún'ee bau dee eens dhai bee gwai'n au'm wai dhur aa runs, taez shee umfèol!] to hollow after (i. e. to mock) one, as one is going home, with one's marketing, 'tis shameful!

ARREST [aarus], sb. Harvest (always).

[Aay shaan ae'u noa'un vur paeurt wai voar aadr aarus,] I shall not have any to part with until after harvest.

How dedst thee stertlee upon the zess last harest wey the young Dick Vrogwill. Ex. Scold. 1. 32.

ARRISH [uur eesh], sb. A stubble of any kind after the crop is gone. Farley-arrish, wheat-arrish, clover-arrish.

Purty arternoon farmer, sure 'nough-why, he 'ant a ploughed his arrishes not eet. The term is understood as applying to the field or enclosure having the stubble in it—not to the stubble itself. Auctioneers and other genteel people usually write this eddish.

ARRISH-MOW [aar eesh, uur eesh muw], sb. A small rick of corn set up on the field where the crop grew. In a showery harvest the plan is often adopted of making a number of small stacks on the spot, so that the imperfectly dried corn may not be in sufficient bulk to cause heating, while at the same time the air may circulate and improve the condition of the grain. Called also wind-mow.

ARRISH-RAKE [uureesh rae uk], sb. A large rake used for gathering up the loose stalks of corn after the sheaves are carried off.

ARS. See Ass.

ARSY-VARSY [aa'rsee-vaa'rsee], adj. Upside down, bottom upwards. Hon I com'd along, there was th' old cart a-turned arsy-varsy right into the ditch, an' the poor old mare right 'pon her back way her legs up'n in-i. e. up on end.

Turfe. Passion of me, was ever a man thus crossed? all things run arsie varsie, upside down.-Ben Jonson, Tale of a Tub, III. i.

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Stand to 't, quoth she, or yield to mercy,
It is not fighting arsie-versie
Shall serve thy turn.

Hudibras, I. cant. iii. 1. 827.

ARTER-MATH [aartur-maath, aa'dr-maath], sb. See AFTER

GRASS.

ARTICLE [emph. haartikul], sb. Term of contempt for an inferior or worthless person or thing-more commonly the latter. Of a bad tool a man would say: [Dhúsh yuurz u purtee haartikul shoa ur nuuf,] this is a pretty article sure enough.

ARTIFICIAL [haartifee'shl], sb. Chemical or prepared manures of all kinds. Tidn a bit same's use to, way farmerin, they be come now vor to use such a sight o' this here hartificial. Darn'd if I don't think the ground's a-pwoisoned way ut. We never didn hear nort about no cattle [plaayg] plague nor neet no "voot-an-mouth" avore they brought over such a lot o' this here hartificial, [Goa'an'ur] Guano or hot ee caal ut.

AS [z-, s-], conj. Constantly employed in connection with though. [S-au f]= = as though (not as if.) See OFF. Also frequently after same in the construction of similes, beginning with same as.

He dont look s'eff he bin a-cleaned out's years.-Nov. 9, 1883. Same's the crow zaid by the heap o' toads, All of a sort.

the fuller zaid.

Same's

As is often redundant. He promised to do un as to-morrow. Sometimes, however, this use is but a contraction for 66 as may be " -it is thus very common in narration. More-n a month agone her zaid her'd sure to come as a Friday. Calling to see two very old servants, and a woman living with them, who has been bedridden for many years, the wife said to me: You zee, sir, tis like as this here, her idn able vor to do nothin vor herzel, and her 'ant a-got a varden comin in like, no more-n what the parish 'lowth her, and any little thing like do come very septable like, I sure 'ee, sir. July 1, 1886.

As is never used twice, in the way it has become usual in the literary dialect-e. g. as much as, as wide as, &c., we always say so much as, so wide as, &c. Even in the sentence, "As he fell, so he lied," we should say, [Eens u vaald, zoa u luyd]. Quite as well," as well" (= also), "as yet," would be [Jús su wuul—su wuul-zoa vaar voouth,] so far forth (i. e. as yet).

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ASHEN [aarshn], adj. Made of ash. [Su gèod u aars n tae ubl z úv'ur yùe zeed,] as good an ash table as you ever saw.

So wadly, that lik was he to byholde
The boxtre, or the asschen deed and colde.

Chaucer, Knightes Tale, 1. 1303.

ASHEN-FAGGOT [aa'rshn faak'ut], sb. The large faggot which is always made of ash to burn at the merry-making on Christmas Eve-both Old and New. We know nothing of a yule-log in the West. It is from the carouse over the ashen-faggot that farmers with their men and guests go out to wassail (q. v.) the apple trees on Old Christmas Eve (Jan. 5). Why ash is de rigueur I have never been able to find out, but the custom of burning that wood is probably as old as Saxon times. The faggot is always specially made with a number of the ordinary halse binds, or hazel withes, and in many cases, if large, it is bound with chains as well, to prevent its falling to pieces when the binds are burnt through. It is usual to call for fresh drink at the bursting of each of the withes. ASHWEED. See WHITE ASH.

ASKER [aas kur, vulgarly aak'sur], sb. A refined term for a beggar. A respectable servant-girl in reply to her mistress, who had inquired what the girl's young man did for his living, said: Please-m he's a-asker, and tis a very good trade indeed-m.

ASLEN [uslaen, uslún‍], adv. Aslant, athwart; usually slanting across in a horizontal or diagonal direction.

[Au kurd vee'ul vur tu pluw ee een, aay shud wuurk-n rait uslún,] awkward field to plough in; I should work it right across diagonally. This word would not often be used to express a slant from the perpendicular, though occasionally it is heard in this sense. Thick post is all aslen-i. e. not upright. This expression might also mean not fixed square.

ASS [aa's], sb. The seat, the buttocks, the back part of the person; hence the hinder-part of anything.

[Puutn uup pun dh-aas u dhu wageen,] put it up on the back part of the wagon. The ass of the sull. The ass of the waterwheel. The ass of the barn's door. Occasionally the anus is so called, but in such cases either the context or some qualifying word points the meaning.

This word is usually written arse (A.S. ærs), but no sound of r is ever heard except in arsy-varsy, which is a mere alliteration. There are many combinations, especially used as expletive terms of abuse. These again are turned into adjectives by the addition of ed [ud]: nackle-ass, nackle-asséd; duggéd ass, duggéd asséd; heavy ass, heavyassed.

Ars, or arce (aars H.) anus, culus, podex.—Promp. Parv.

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3ut am ich chalenged in chapitele hous as ich a childe were,
And baleysed on þe bar ers・ and no breche bytwyne.
Piers Flowman, vii. 1. 156.

Here is William Geffery, evidently a lunatic,

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