whypped at a cart's arsse from the Marshallse in Suthewarke to Bethelem with out Bishoppys gatte of London, for that he belevyd one John More to be Christ, the Savyour of the worlde.-"Three fifteenth century Chronicles, by John Stowe, the Antiquary. Edited by James Gardner, Camden Society, 1880." -From Athenæum, Ap. 16, 1881, p. 519. If sheepe or thy lambe fall a wrigling with taile, Go by and by search it, whiles helpe may preuaile : Cast dust in his arse, thou hast finisht thy cure.-Tusser, 51/4. ASS OVER HEAD [aa's oa vur ai·d], phr. Head over heels, topsy-turvy. This is the usual expression used to describe a headlong fall. A timid old workman said of a rickety scaffold: I baint gwain up pon thick there till-trap vor to tread pon nothin, and vall down ass over head. "What's the matter William?" "Brokt my arm, sir. Up loadin hay, and the darned old mare, that ever I should zay so, muv'd on, and down 1 valls ass over head." ASS-SMART [aa'smart], sb. Water-pepper-Polygonum Hydropiper: the herbe which the herbaries name Parsicarium, englishe men cal Arssmerte. Turner, p. 31. Astride. ASTRADDLE [astrad·l, or ustrad·l], a. [Neef aay dúd-n zee ur ruy deen dh-oal au's aup ustrad l, sae'um-z u guurt bwuuy,] if I did not see her riding the old horse up astride, like a great boy. AT [aa't]. [Yuur-z aa't ut,] here's at it; a very common expression on beginning or resuming work. [Aa-l bee aa't ut, fuus dhing maa'ru mauʼrneen], I will be at it, first thing to-morrow morning. ATE [ait], v. Eat (always); p. t. [ait,] p. p. [u-ait]. [Taumee, doa'unt yùe ait dhai buur eez!], Tommy, don't you eat those berries! There now! he have [u-at] em arter all! They was all a ate an a brokt, eens they wadn a wo'th nort.— Jan. 28, 1882. [Droa u lee'd aeth oa vur-t,] throw a little soil upon it. [Noa soal pun aeth kèod-n dùe ut], no soul upon earth could do it. ATHIN [udheen], prep. Within. I zeed where the shots went to; they wadn athin dree voot o' the hare. Not used as an adverb. ATHOUT [udhaewt], conj. Without, unless. Not used as an adverb. I on't come, athout you'll come too. ATHURT [udhuurt], adv. Across, athwart. [Ee vaalud rai't udhuurt dhu aj,] he (the tree) fell right across D the hedge. [Dhu pees u klaa'th wuz u-kuut rai't udhuur t-n ukraa's,] the piece of cloth was cut right athurt and across. The pleonasm here used, which is perhaps the commonest form, adds no strength to the expression. Ad; nif es come athert en, chell gee en a lick.—Ex. Scold. 1. 512. ATOMIES [aatumeez], sb. Old hacks, worn-out, wretched creatures. A native of Torcross spoke derisively of the caravanfolk who came to the regatta as a passel of old atomies.”—Aug. 1882. I. F. C. See Trans. Devon Association 1883, p. 80. 66 Hostess. Thou atomy thou !-II. Henry IV. V. iv. That eyes that are the frail'st and softest things, Who shut their coward gates on atomies.-As You Like It, III. v. ATTACTKED [utaak tud], p. t. and p. fart. of attack. (Very com.) Used by the uneducated above the lowest class, such as small tradespeople. If you plaise, sir, I must ax you vor to keep thick dog a tied up; he attackted me wilful, gwain on the road-i. e. in a savage manner as I was going along the road (past your house). ATWIST [utèos', utwús'], adv. also of threads, tangled, confused. Crooked, awry, out of place; Thick there bisgy stick's a put in all atwist-id'n no form nor farshin in un. ATWIXT [utwik's], prep. Between. Didn Jimmy Zalter look purty then, way the darbies on, atwixt two policemen ? Fro thennes shall not oon on lyve come, For al the gold atwixen sonne and see. Chaucer, Troylus and Cryseyde, 1. 885. See Ib. Rom. of Rose, 1. 854. AUDACIOUS. See OUDACIOUS. AUF [auf, oa f], v. def. Ought. [Uur núv ur dúd-n auf tùe u-wai'nt,] she never ought to have gone. [Bee'ul! dhee-s auf t-u noa'ud bad'r,] Bill! thou oughtest to have known better. (Lit. Thee didst ought.) A UGH [u uu], adv. Crooked, awry, out of place. (Very com.) Why, thee's a got the rick all a-ugh; he'll turn over nif dus-n put a paust to un. AUNT [aant], sb. Used in speaking of any elderly woman, without implying any relationship, or other quality, just as "mother" is used in London and elsewhere. See UNCLE. Poor old aunt Jenny Baker's a tookt bad; they zess her ont never get up no more. And, for an old aunt whom the Greeks held captive, He brought a Grecian queen, whose youth and freshness Vor than aunt Annis Moreman could ha blessed vore.—Ex. Scold. 1. 25. Var. pron. of over; heard sometimes, but See OVER, and compounds. AUVER [au vur]. commoner, in E. Som. Always. (Very com.) AUVIS [au vees], adv. AVORD [uvoa'urd], v. To afford (always thus). An old gentleman reputed to be wealthy and miserly, on a bitterly cold day, in answer to an inquiry why he had no great-coat, said to me : [Kaan uvoa'urd u wae'ur tùe koa'uts tu wauns,] (I) cannot afford to wear two coats at once. AVORE [uvoa'ur]. you go avore the osses. 2. adv. Before; in 1. prep. In front of; before. Billy, don't A little knot of flowers avore the house. respect of inclination, rather than. Avore I'd be beholdin to he, I'd work my vingers to bones, and that I wid. Used also as in literature for before. (See Ex. Scold. ll. 14, 29, 73, 108, 122, 291.) 3. conj. and prep. Until. Us can wait avore you be ready, sir.-Feb. 12, 1879. [Uur oan lat-n uloa'un uvoa ur ee-z u-broakt], she will not leave it alone until it is broken. Th'art always a vustled up. comath about.—Ex. Scold. l. 108. (See also Ib. 1. 261.) avore zich times as Neekle Halse Captain's the best oss to go Beforehand. Mind you get em in readiness avore-hand. To be uvoaranız, avore-hands, pl. to out-wit. [Aay wuz uvoa'ran'z wai un, vur au'l u wuz zu klúv·ur,] I out-witted him (or got the better of him), notwithstanding that he was so clever. AWKARD [aukurd], adj. (Very com.) Difficult; not easily overcome. A awkard cornder. I sure you, mum, 'twas a terble awkard job, and I widn do it ageean vor no such money. Gwain to leather our Jim, is er? well, let-n look sharp and begin; nif he don't vind Jim a awkard customer vor to 'an'le (handle), you tell me, that's all. AX [aaks], v. To ask; to publish banns. Pret. aaks, p.p. u-aaks. We always say, [Aay aaks yur paar'dn]-never, I beg your pardon. Her's gwain to be a-ax next Zunday-i. e. her banns will be published. and herefore we axen oure owen dampnacion in pis priere. and here-bi þei axen here owen dampnacion.-Ibid. p. 176. And schewed her signes • ffor men shulde drede, To axe ony mendis ffor her mys-dedis. Langland, Rich. the Red. ii. 34. AX OUT, or OUT-AX [aewt-aa'ks], v. To completely publish the banns. [Dhai wuz aakst aewt laa's Zún·dee,] their banns were published for the third time last Sunday. See Out-ax. AXEN [aak sn]. Ashes. I have found one old man in the parish of Clayhidon who still uses this word, but it is very nearly obsolete.-Aug. 1880. See ASH, New Eng. Dict. AYE [aa'y]. Yes (affirmatively); indeed? (interrogatively). How be off vor ayerly taties? [Aeurlee] birds catch the worms. AYTHER, or AITHER [ai'dhur], adj. and conj. Either. Quite distinct from either, in the phr. either one == ever-a-one [udhu'ur waun]. The commonest form of conj. is aitherways (q. v.). Aither you was there, or you wad-n. I be safe 'twas aither her or her zister. Within the halle, sette on ayther side, Boke of Curtasye, 1. 21. AZUE [uzèo'), adv. A cow before calving, when her milk is dried off, is said to be azue, or to have gone zue. Th' old Daisy's a go zue, but her ont calvy eet's zix wicks. Thee hast let the kee go 200 vor want o' strocking.-Ex. Scold. 1. 110. B B. [bee]. The common description of a dolt or ignoramus is, [Ee doa'noa B vrum u Béolz vèot,] he does not know B from a bull's foot. The expression "B from a battledore," as given in Nares and Halliwell, is a literary colloquialism not known to us in the West. I know not anļa. from the wynde-mylne, ne a b. from a bole-foot.-Political Poems, vol. ii. p. 57. A.D. 1401. BACK [baak'], v. To bet. They on't never do it for the money, I'll back. [Aa'l baak dhai bae un aum vore twuulv u-klauk u nait,] I'll bet they will not be at home before twelve o'clock at night. BACK [baak], v. t. and i. Hunting. When the deer or other quarry turns and runs back over the same track he has gone over. If a deer has gone to water shortly after passing through a wood, it not unfrequently happens that the cunning animal has merely soiled when he entered the stream, and then backed it on his foil, and laid fast in the covert.-Collyns, Chase of the Wild Red Deer, p. 137. BACK ALONG [baa'k lau'ng], adv. Homewards. [Kum au'n, Júm! lat-s zee baewt gwai'n baak laung,] come on, Jim! let us see about going homewards. [Aew laung uvoa'r yùe bee gwai'n baa'k ulau'ng?], how long before you are going homewards? See ALONG 2. BACK AND FORE [baak-n voa'ur], adv. Backwards, hind-part foremost. [Waut bee baewt? Kas-n puut aun dhee jaa'kut baak'-n voaʼur,] what are you about? (Thou) canst not put on thy jacket backwards. [Foo'us tu shuut-n een baak-n voa ur,] obliged to put him (the horse) in (to the railway truck) hind-part foremost. See SHUT; also Trans. Dev. Association, 1886, p. 91. BACK AND FORE SULL [baak'n voa'r zoo'ul], sb. A plough made to turn a furrow at will either to the right or left; same as a two-way sull (q. v.), called also a vore and back sull. BACK-CHAIN [baak-chain, or chaa'yn], sb. A short chain, of which the middle part is made of flat twisted links, used to bear on the back of a horse to support the shafts of a cart. The backchain is no part of the harness, but is always fixed at one end, to the off or right shaft. See CARt-saddle. BACK-CROOK [baak-krèok], sb. A crook sliding upon a rod of iron, fixed to the near, or left, shaft of a cart. It is to this crook that the back-chain is hooked on, when it has been passed across the cart-saddle. BACK-DOOR TROT [baak-doo ur-traat]. Diarrhoea. I be saafe, nif I was vor ate very many o' they there, twid zoon gie me the back-door trot. BACKER [baak'ur], adj. Rear. Not used as a comparative any more than hinder, but cf. Lit. inner, outer, utter, former, under, over, all comparatives in origin. Back-part of Lit. Eng. is identical in meaning with backer-part of the dialect. Never used as an adv. I know I zeed-n down in under the jib, there in the backer-zide o' the cellar, s'now (dost thou know). The backer end o' thick there field's mortal rough, sure 'nough. Tord the backer part o'the wagin limbless. BACKLET [baak lut], sb. The back premises of a house; the backdoor exit. [Dhai-v u-roa'uzd mee rai'nt tu vaa'wur paewn a |