The Icuncula here represented, were intended, in all probability, to be so many of their Lares or Amulets *; whereof the first, A, (Plate II. III.) is an Egyptian priest with his head shaven, and a scroll of Hieroglyphics upon his knees. B is Osiris, with his Tutulus a, Flagellum b, and hook c. C, is the same deity (igxxouogos) with the hawk's head; having been formerly enamelled upon the breast, and holding either a palm branch, or a feather, which seems likewise to have been enamelled. D is the horned Isis, or Iris envions. In her lap she carries her son Orus, E; the same with F, the Sigalion, or god of silence, who is accordingly seen with his finger upon his mouth, and known by the name of Harpocrates. G is another figure also of Harpocrates, in the same sitting posture that is used to this day by the eastern nations. H (Plate III.) is supposed to be Orust, i. e. the earth, turgid with the variety of things which it is ready to produce. I, (Plate II.) provided the turn of the body and the Pileus do not suppose it to have originally belonged : tq * Inter amuleta Ægyptia nil erat communius Harpocrate, Horo, Apide, Osiride et Iside, Canopo; quorum primus Cornucopia instructus sub forma pueri nudi digito silentia suadente conspiciebatur; alter ibidem sub forma pueri, sed fascibus, aut reticulato amictu involutus tertius sub forma bovini capitis; quartus sub variis formis: nunc igazoμogos, nunc xvvoμogos, modo leoniformis; quinta sub mulieris habitu, scutica et reti instructa, aliisque instrumentis. Per Harpocratis amuletum, arcanorum per varias divinationum species se conscios futuros sperabant, religiose gestatum; gestatum autem fuisse, ansulæ satis demonstrant. Per Hori amuletum naturae mundane notitiam se habituros putabant: per Apidis amuletum, fœcunditatem; per Osiridis influxus superni abundantiam per Isidis, quæ ad terram et Nilum pertinent, bonorum omnium temporalium ubertatem se consecuturos sperabant. Per Accipitrem, se consecuturos sperabant claritatem luminis tum oculorum, tum intellectus; per Bovem, domesticæ substantiae amplitudinem; per Canem scientiarum et artium notitiam: per Cynocephalum et Elurum lunaris numinis attractum Erat ex insectis quoque Scarabæus, certis et appropriatis lapidibus incisus, potentissimum amuletum et passim usurpatum, ad solaris numinis attractum, contra omnes tum corporis, tum animi morbos institutum. Kirch. Gymn Hierogl. Clas. xi. p 447-8. + Horus semper sub puerili forma referebatur, et mystice, Plutarcho teste, nihil aliud est, quam sensibilis mundi machina, quam sol seu Osiris per Scarabæum (x) indicatus, continua solarium numinum per binos accipitres (λ) et terrestrium geniorum, per Penates () lateribus assistentes indicatorum, ministerio, summa sapientia gubernat et moderatur. Pueri forma pingitur, quia mundus generabilium rerum innovatione continuo veluti rejuvenescit; tumido corpore (v) pingitur, quia genitalium rerum fœtura et QUIA perpetua turget sub utroque pede crocodilum () calçat, i e. Beboniam seu typhoniam malignitatem mundo adeo perniciosam ne invalescat, cohibet; scuticaque (o) i e. virtutis suae efficacia in officio continet tica parte per figuram A, Isis, seu luna exprimitur, quod cornua et velum, quibus semper, exhibetur, ostendunt, ubere turget, quia mater omnium inventionum est, et Hori a Typhone extincti vindicatrix et resuscitatrix; dum mundum siccitate et adustiva quadam vi oppressum, humido suo influxu, per radios apte indicato, temperiem et vitam revocat. Kirch. ibid. p. 449. In pos to some other nation and worship), may perhaps, from its posture, be the Egyptian Crepitus*: as, among others of a lesser size, K is the Anubis; L, M, the Apis; N, the cat ; O, the Cynocephalus; P, the hawk; Q, R, the frog; S, the beetle; T, the Phallus Oculatus ; U, a Niloscope; X, a pyramid; and Y, a Plec trum. Of these Icuncula, the last is of alabaster; Q is of brown marble, spotted with yellow; A, B, C, D, E, F, G, I, K, L, M, N, P, R, are of copper, and the rest of baked earth. All of them, except A, G. I, O, P, R, are either bored through, or else have little rings fixed to them, whereby we may conjecture that they were suspended upon the necks of their votaries. Yet the spindles or pivots, a, a, a, a, of the images, A, B, C, D, may give us room to suspect, that they in particular were either to be erected in some convenient place of their houses as objects of their worship, or else that they were to be fixed upon their symbolical rods and sceptres, and carried about in that manner in their solemn processions. As nothing has been said in this edition, of the CHRYSANTHINE MAP, inserted above, we shall subjoin the account of it in. the author's words, as they stood in the first edition. THE Reverend and ingenious Mr Costard obliged me with a sight of the Chrysanthine map, as it has been called, of Egypt, which is projected in a large scale, with the names of places in Greek and Arabic. In this, the Tiah beni Israel, (Trav. supra, p. 95.) which is likewise the name in Albufeda, is Terick beni Israel, words of the same force; which Tiah, or Terick, lies all the way in this map, through two ranges of mountains, from Paμεωπς (corruptly given for Ραμεσση, οι Ραμίσσης, Exod. xii. 37. Numb. xxxiii. 3.) to the Red Sea. The author of the Description of the East, as far at least as I understand his librorum descriptiones, &c. gives little credit to this map. • Hæc charta '(says he, Dissert. Geogr. p. 286.) descripta est signis tam Ara'bicis * Nec Serapidem magis quam Strepitus, per pudenda corporis expressos, contremiscunt (Ægyptii) Minut. Felix. § 28. Crepitus ventris inflati, quae Pelusiaca religio est. S. Hieron, in Isai. 1. xiii c xlvi. † Osirin per brachium extensum, beneficentiae et liberalitatis notam, multis locis ostendimus; atque adeo Phallus hic oculatus [cum brachio occulte ex eo emergente] nihil aliud innuit, quam providentiam beneficam divini Osiridis, in fœcunda generatione elucescentem; qua occulta et insensi bili operatione oninia fœcundat, eratque potissimum apud Ægyptios amule tum, &c. Kirch. OEdip. Egypt. Synt. xiii. p. 415. 'bicis quam Græcis, in usum (ut titulus præ se fert) Chrysanthi 'Patriarchæ Hierosolymitani, anno Domini 1722. Delineator (quisquis fuerit ille) videtur se totum composuisse ad librorum descriptiones, non oculorum fidem in locis perlustrandis acutus ; ⚫ inde adeo cautius illius vestigiis inhærendum censui.' Whereas, I must beg leave to differ from this gentleman, in taking it to be a valuable chart, and which deserves well to be published. Neither does it appear from the title, as is here pretended, that it was of no older date than 1722, because ПEPIгpaøh airyпtOY, &c. ΠΡΟΣΦΕΡΟΜΕΝΗ ΤΩ, &c. ΧΡΥΣΑΝΘΩ, &c. as the title runs, may denote nothing more than that this particular copy (not the original) was (gorgouern) offered, or, in our style, dedicated to, and not properly made for Chrysanthus, &c. in such a year. I have inserted an extract from this, No. 111. in a much smaller scale, as far as it relates to this controversy. TEXTS |