them up and covering them. To aid your efforts in this respect, upon the present occasion, a paper of directions has been prepared, and is herewith transmitted. admit the air without exposing the contents of the depth of fresh loamy earth, into which the plants that are to be transplanted should be set. The surface of the earth should be covered with a thin layer of moss, cut small, which should be occasionally washed in fresh water during the voyage, both to keep the surface moist, and to wash off mouldiness, or any saline particles that may be on it. The President will hope for your attention to the Although some seeds, with a hard shell, such as Directions for putting up and transmilting seeds and Those seeds that are not dry when gathered, should be rendered so by exposure to the air in the shade. Where the seeds of plants cannot be successfully transmitted, they may be sown in boxes, and sent in a vegetating state. Where more than one kind is sown in the same box, they should be kept distinct by laths, fastened in it crosswise on a level with the surface of the ground in which they were sown: and when different soils are required, it will be necessary to make separate compartments, in the box. In either case they should be properly marked, and referred to in the descriptive notes which accompany them. When the boxes are about to be put on board the ship, hoops of wood should be fastened to the sides, in such a manner that arching over the box, they may cover the highest of the plants; and over these should be stretched a net work of pitched cord, so to protect the plants from external injury, and prevent the earth from being disturbed by mice or other vermin. To each box should be fastened a canvass cover, made to go entirely over it, but so constructed as to be easily put on or off, as may be necessary to protect the plants from the salt water or winds, and sometimes from the sunshine. Strong handles should be fixed to the boxes that they may be conveniently moved. During the voyage, the plants should be kept in a light airy situation; without which they will perish. They should not be exposed to severe winds, nor to cold, nor for a long time to too hot a sunshine, nor to the spray of the salt water. To prevent injury from the saline particles with which the air is oftentimes charged at sea, (especially when the waves have white frothy curls upon them) and which, on evaporation, close up the pores of the plants, and destroy them, it will be proper, when they have been exposed to them, to wash off the salt particles, by sprinkling the leaves with fresh water. The plants and seeds that are sown, will occasionally require watering on the voyage; for which purpose rain water is best. If, in any special case, particular instructions upon this point, or upon any other connected with the management of the plants during the voyage, be necessary, they should be made known to those having charge of the plants. But after all, much will depend upon the judicious care of those to whom the plants may be confided during the voyage. Plants of the succulent kind, and particularly of the bulbous family, should not be planted in earth, but in a mixture of dry sand, old lime, rubbish, and vegetable mould, in about equal parts, and should not be watered. When plants cannot be propagated from seeds with a certainty of their possessing the same qualiWhen dry, the seeds should be put into paper ties which long culture or other causes may have bags. Common brown paper has been found to given them, they may be sent in a growing state. It may not be necessary, in every case, to observe answer well for making such bags. But, as the For this purpose, they should be taken up when all the precautions here recommended in regard to mode of manufacturing that paper varies in differ- young. Those, however, who are acquainted with the putting up and transmission of seeds; but it is ent countries, the precaution should be used of their cultivation in the countries where they grow, believed that there will be the risk in departing putting a portion of the seeds in other kinds of pa- will know at what age they may be safely and ad from them, in proportion to the distance of the per. Those that most effectually exclude air and vantageously removed. They may be transplanted country from which the seeds are to be brought, moisture, are believed to be the best for that pur-direct into the boxes in which they are to be con- and to the difference of its latitude, or of the faipose. It would be proper, also, to enclose some veyed; or, where that cannot be conveniently done, tudes through which they will pass on the voyage. of the seeds in paper or cloth that has been they may be taken up with a ball of earth about it is not intended, however, by these instructions, to steeped in melted bees' wax. It has been recom- the roots, and the roots of each surrounded with exclude the adoption of any other modes of putting mended that seeds collected in a moist country, wet moss, carefully tied about it to keep the earth up and transmitting seeds and plants, which are in or season, be packed in charcoal. moist. They may afterwards be put into a box, use in any particular place, and which have been and each plant secured by laths fastened crosswise above the roots, and the interstices between te roots filled with wet moss. The same methods may be observed with young grafted or budded fruit trees. Where the time will permit it is desirable that the roots of the plants be well established in the boxes in which they are transplanted. Herbaceous plants require only a short time for this; but, for plants of a woody texture, two or three months is sometimes necessary. After being put up according to any of these modes, the seeds should be enclosed in a box; which should be covered with pitch to protect them from damp, insects and mice. During the voyage they should be kept in a cool, airy and dry situa tion; not in the hold of the ship. And found successful, especially if more simple. (CIRCULAR.) The oily seeds soonest lose their germinating faculty. They should be put in a box with sandy earth in the following manner: first, about two inches of earth at the bottom; into this the seeds Navy Department. should be placed at distances proportionate to their Boxes for the conveyance of plants, or of seeds Sir-I have to call your attention to the enclosed size; on these another layer of seeds; and so on that are sown, may be made about two feet broad, copy of a communication from the Treasury Dewith alternate layers of earth and seeds, until the two feet deep and four feet long, with small holes partment to the consuls of the United States at vabox is filled within about a foot of the top, which in the bottom, covered with a shell, or piece of tile, ricus ports; and to desire that the objects of that space should be filled with sand, taking care that or other similar substance, for letting off any super-communication may be promoted by you, on all octhe earth and sand be well put in, that the seeds fluous water. There should be a layer of wet casions, as far as may be in your power. may not get out of place. The box should then be moss of two or three inches deep at the bottom, or, covered with a close net work of cord, well pitched, if they cannot be had, some very rotten wood or deor with split hoops or laths, also pitched, so as to cayed leaves, and upon that about twelve inches The Executive takes a deep interest in this matter, and, by particular attention to it, you will probably conter a lasting benefit to the country. The letter of the Secretary to the Treasury is so full and satisfactory, that no further explanation seems necessary on my part. You will be pleased to report to the Department what you do in execution of this object, and return the papers to the Department when you are detached from the vessel which you now command. I am, respectfully, &c., SAM. L. SOU THARD. GRAPES. } Linnæan Botanic Garden, near New York, J. S. SKINNER, ESQ. November 10, 1827. Sir,-Numerous have been the disquisitions, both on the applicability of the soil and climate of our country to the growth of foreign vines, and to the applicability of American indigenous grapes to the purposes of making wines, &c. | the gentleman before mentioned, and deemed wor- with the empty carriages. The correctness of this 112 23.89 112 597 =4 688 tons=load for 1 horse, ascending. =18.76 tons=load for I horse descending. 1000 3d. To determine the power necessary to ascend, and that necessary to descend with one ton. 14.938.96=23.89 pounds=power required to It is a subject of gratulation that the public at-ascend. tention seems so fully drawn to the culture of the 14.93--9.96=5.97 pounds=power required to grape. It was not till after immense difficulties that descend. the grape was brought to its present state of suc- 4th. To determine the load for one horse, ascendIt is the opinion of Mr. Adlum, who has made cessful culture in France; and it should be no cause ing and descending, weight of carriages being inmany experiments with the American varieties, that for discouragement, if some experiments are made cluded and the power of a horse being estimated at for the purpose of making wine, the Catawba stands in this country without the anticipated success. In | 112 pounds. first; the Blands, second; and the Alexander, of fact, so many causes exists where an error in judg Schuylkill, third; but, at the time this opinion was ment, or the want of the necessary information, may expressed, he had not made any experiments with produce a failure, that it would be a miracle if all the Isabella, which I had just introduced to notice. were to succeed. Already, for years, has the vine At the present period, having made wine from the been most successfully cultivated on the Rhine; and Isabella, which has been considered by myself, and in latitude 50°, the most choice Rhenish wines are load is to consist of the carriages only, and their But, agreeably to the statement, the ascending by some of the most intelligent men in our country, made. Recent accounts tell us of vineyards hav-weight will consequently be 4 688 tons; which, beunrivalled as American wine, I cannot withhold my ing been successfully established in the more north opinion, that it stands pre-eminent for that purpose. ein parts of Germany, and in several parts of Big- ing deducted iron 18.76 tons, will leave for the deAfter which, I accord with Mr. A. as to the respec-sia: and the Swiss have been, for a course of years, 14.071 tons. scending load, exclusive of the weight of carriages, It is also stated that the weight tive rank in which he has placed the other three va most plentifully supplied with wine from their own of the carriages must be to that of the load in the rieties referred to, with the exception, that the me- soil Shall, then, America alone, be debarred from proportion of 1 to 3. Accordingly, as 4.688: 14.071 rits of the Scuppernong being less known both to this, one of the bountiful gifts of nature? Shall a him and myself, no ultimate opinion is given with country, possessing every variety of climate which:: 1: 3,001 resulting in an error of only which regard to that grape. is combined in all the wine countries of Europe, is attributable to the use of decimals. Knowing that much prejudice exists on the sub- and extending through all the degrees of latitude Hence it is proved that when the inclination of a ject, I am determined to remove it, as far as in my which are there deemed the most genial to its power, by the most convictive reasoning-and my growth and produce, he said to be totally inappro- Raii-road is 21 12 feet in a mile, the weight of carcourse will be, to let the wine tender the query to the priate to its success? Shall it be said that a plant, riages being to that of their descending load in the palate, as to its real merits. Not doubting, sir, that which culture has accommodated to almost every proportion of 1 to 3, and the friction being equal to you will second the course proposed, I now send you other clime to which it has been introduced, can of the whole load, (carriage included,) the a bottle of Isabella wine, inade exclusively from the find no spot whereon to flourish, in a country ex grape of that name, during the season of 1826; but | tending from the 25th to the 47th degree of lati- same power required to descend with a load, is suf in justice, I must state, that so numerous had been tude, and that we can boast no such congenial soil ficient to return with the empty carriages only the visitors to my establishment, that of about 30 in an empire, whose bounds are the St. Lawrence or 40 bushels of these grapes, only the refuse and and the Gulf of Mexico, and whose settlements alunripe remained; and it was from these that this ready extend from the shores of the Atlantic to the wine was made. I have this season made a quanti-sources of the Missouri? It is high time such deluty from the best grapes of the kind, and in doing sions of blinded theorists should give way to the lights so, I have been also careful to preserve the seeds, of reason and of judgment, and that the culture of to rear new varieties. As a particular description the vine, to every variety of which we have a soil of this grape may be acceptable, I extract the fol- and climate suitable to offer, should assume that lowing from my Treatise on Horticulture. importance to which it has already attained in countries possessing comparatively few advantages. Let, then, the beams of intelligence, which are imparting so much benefit to mankind by their wide diffusion, disperse these clouds of ignorance and error from the enlightened horticulturists of the American republic. 105. Isabella Grape.-This is an American grape, a native of Dorchester, South Carolina, and was introduced to this state by Mrs. Isabella Gibbs, the lady of George Gibbs, Esq., of St. Augustine, who then resided at Brooklyn, Long island, and in ho nour of that lady, has been called Isabella grape. It is a dark purple fruit, of a large size, oval form, and juicy, and equals some of the European wine grapes; and, for vigour of growth, and an abundant yield, exceeds any other yet cultivated in this country, and requires no protection during the winter season. seasons. Yours, respectfully, WM. PRINCE. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT. RAIL-WAYS. General Joseph Swift, of New York, in formed me, that a single vine in his garden produc In reference to the statements of S. H. Long, pubed above eight bushels during several successive lished in the American Farmer, vol. 9, No. 36, reThis grape promises to make an impor-lating to the graduation of a Rail-road, some illustant stand in this country for the purpose of mak-trations may be needful, in order to render the ing wine, as it possesses all the requisites to insure document more intelligible, and at the same time success in making wine of a fair quality, or for establish its claim to accuracy. In the communi making brandy equal to that of France. I have cation alluded to, it is stated, that when the inclina. made wine from it which far excels any Americanion of a Railroad is such as to give a rise of 21.12 wines I have ever yet tasted, and which has met feet in the distance of one mile, the weight of the the same decision from some of the most accurate carriage being to that of its descending load as 1 to jndges in our country. Indeed, this grape. of which | 8, and the friction on a level road as 1 to 150, the but a single vine existed in any garden in 1816, and same power or force that is required for the transwhich I, at that time, met with in the possession of portation downwards, is only sufficient to return 150 150 Again, when the freight or tonnage ascending is to that descending in the proportion of 1 to 4, the friction upon a level road being of the whole load, the inclination of the road must be 13 8 feet in a mile, in order that the same power may be adequate to the transportation in both directions. The correctness of this position will appear from the following investigation, similar to that just instituted, 13.8 X 2240 =5.85=number of pounds that will balance one ton on a plain whose height is 13.8 feet, and length one mile. 2240 =14.98=friction of one ton on a level road. 14.935.85-20.78 lb.-power required to ascend with one ton. 14.93-5.85-9.08 lb. power required to descend with one ton. =5.39 tons=load for 1 horse ascending. 112 20.78 =12.32 tons=load for 1 horse descending. 9.08 12.32 341 =8,08 tons weight of carriage. 5 39-3.08-2.31-freight or load ascending. 12.32-3.08-924-freight or load descending. But, agreeably to one of the conditions of the statement, the freight ascending is to that descending in the proportion of 1 to 4. Accordingly, As 2.31: 924: 1:4 which proves the statement to be correct. Other examples might be furnished in demonstration of the accuracy of the statements referred to. but these are deemed sufficient on the present occasion. LADIES' DEPARTMENT. VALUABLE SUGGESTION. proved fatal to the birds. If he begins with both eyes open, he will save himself the trouble of learning to shoot so afterwards. An aim thus, from the right shoulder, comes to the same point as one taken with the left eye shut, and it is the most ready method of shooting quick. a mother, it is this-to watch the dawning disposi tion and capacity of a favourite child; to discover the earliest buds of thought; to feed with useful truths the inquisitiveness of a young and curious rind; to direct the eyes, yet unsullied with the wa ters of contrition, to a bounteous benefactor; to lift the little hands, yet unstained with vice, in prayer Be careful to remind him, as a beginner, to keep to their Father who is in Heaven. But so it is, the his gun moving, as follows: before an object, crosschild, as soon as it is released from the bondage of ing; fuli high, for a bird rising up; or flying away, If there is a qualification in which a female ought the nurse, and needs no longer a careful eye to look very low; and between the ears of hares and rabto excel, it is a thorough and practical acquaintance after its steps and guard it from external injury, is bits, running straight away, (all this, of course, in with the arts and duties of domestic life She may too often surrendered to instructors, some of whom proportion to the distance; and if we consider the be ignorant of other branches of human knowledge, are employed to polish the surface of the character, velocity with which a bird flies, we shall rarely err, and deficient in more refined attainments with com and regulate the motions of the limbs, others to fur- by firing, when at forty yards, at least five or six parative impunity, but embellishments cannot sup-nish the memory, and accomplish the imagination, inches before it) Till the pupil is au fait in all ply her deficiency in these. These constitute her while religion gets admission as she can; sometimes this, he will find great assistance from the sight, peculiar and appropriate employment, and so far in aid of authority, and sometimes in a Saturday's which he should have precisely on the intended from being beneath her regard, they adorn and task, or a Sunday's peculiarity, but how rarely as a point, when he fires. He will thus, by degrees, atbeautify the most distinguished of her sex. sentiment. Their little hearts are made to flutter tain the art of killing his game in good style, which The sentiment may not exactly accord with the with vanity, encouraged to pant with emulation, is to fix his eyes on the object, and fire the moment opinions of the present age, but it is one that ought persuaded to contract with parsimony, allowed to he has brought up his gun. He may then, ultimateto be inscribed on the heart of every female, that in-glow with revenge, or reduced to absolute numbly, acquire the knack of killing snap shots, and dustry and economy are her true glory. There is ness, by worldliness and cares, before they have no apology for a slothful woman. A slothful woman ever felt a sentiment of devotion, or beat with a is more fit for a domestic drudge, or the slave of an pulsation of sorrow for an offence, or gratitude for a eastern despot, than for the elevated station which benefit, in the presence of God. Believe me, mofreedom, civilization, and christianity have assigned thers, you have no right to expect that the sense of her. A woman who is occupied in little else than religion will be infused by the labours of others. receiving the courtesies of the other sex, hav- When parents have ceased to be teachers, reliing every want supplied by obsequious attendants, gion has ceased to be taught. if she does not become torpid by inaction, is almost always the victim of that morbid sensibilty, which, while it can weep over the ideal scenes of a novel or tragedy, has no interest in the affecting realities of human life, and passes through the world without communicating happiness, or acquiring responsi bility. Few appreciate the obligations, cares and labours of an industrious female; and few, I fear, are sensible of the perpetual self-denial which she is called to exercise in the performance of her laborious and reiterated duties. Her eye must be every where in her own proper sphere; her authority every where in her own retired dominion; her hand on every spring in all the departments of domestic labour; and cheerfulness and care constitute the prominent excellencies of her character. A female that has been induced to believe that she was made for nothing but to be beloved and admired, and who is never pleased but by alternations of idleness and dissipation, has never learned to estimate her true worth and excellence, and is a stranger to the high destination of a woman. INSTRUCTIONS TO YOUNG SPORTSMEN. The following directions to young sportsmen are copied from an excellent work, with the above title, by Colonel Hawker, who is an excellent shot and in much practice: first lesson. bring down a November bird the moment it tops the stubble, or a rabbit popping in a furze brake, with more certainty than he was once used to shoot a young grouse in August, or a partridge in SepFarmer's and Mechanic's Mag. tember. SIR, PEDIGREES OF VALUABLE HORSES. (Continued from p. 279.) OLD DOVE. March 30, 1772. Dove was bred by Mr. Thomas Jackson, Sen. in the north of England. He was got by Young Cade, bis dam by Teaser, his grandam by Scawring's Arabian, and out of the Gardner mare, that won six royal plates of 100 guineas each. He run at New Castle upon Tyne, at four years old, and beat the Duke of Cleaveland's roan filley Roxana, the bay colt Swift, belonging to William Swinburn, Esq. Charles Wilson's bay colt Windless, William Consorth's bay colt Montreal and Sitlimton's bay filley Nameless. The Celebrated Imported Horse, SIR HARRY, The handsomest and one of the best sons of Sir Peter Teazle, will stand the ensuing season at the farm of Samuel G. Griffith, in Harford county, about five miles below Havre-de-Grace, on the Philadelphia road, at forty dollars the season, or sixty dollars to ensure a foal. Good pasturage for mares from a distance, and every attention paid to them, but no responsibility for accidents or escapes; the season commences the 1st of March, and ends the 1st of August. Religion in woman, as in man, is not only "of the operation of God," but the result of reflection, First, let the young sportsman take a gun that he comparison and choice, and consists in a cheerful can manage, and be shown how to put it to his and happy renunciation of all the heart holds dear, shoulder, with the breech and sight on a level, and for Jesus Christ, and of every opposing interest for make himself master of bringing them up to a Sir Harry is of a beautiful brown colour; his his kingdom and glory, and this is her distinguish-wafer. Then, with a wooden or bone driver (in-form unexceptionable, 15 hands 3 inches high, with ed excellence. Let the fear of God, and the love stead of a flint,) let him practise at this mark; and, extraordinary great power. He is out of Matron of Jesus Christ control her domesuc virtues; let the when he thinks he can draw his trigger without by Alfred, and partakes of all the favourite and humility, patience, faith, hope, charity and resigna- flinching, he may present the gun to your right eye, the best blood of England, viz:--Godolphin Aration, of the Gospel, become interwoven with per by which you will see at once, if he is master of his bian, Cullen Arabian, Place's White Turk, Bartsonal accomplishments, and sweeten and govern In doing this, he must remember, that let's Childers, Devonshire Childers, Regulus, Mark her conduct; and how lovely is such a woman! It the moment the gun is brought up to the centre of Marchem, Old Fox, Tartar, Herod and Highhas frequently been remarked, that pious women the object, the trigger should be pulled, as the first flyer, and with truth it may be said, that he is equal are not only more numerous, but more pious than sight is unquestionably the best. Then send him if not superior, to any horse ever imported. His pious men. How infinitely superior are her charms out to practise at a card with powder, till he has stock has run with more success than any horses in to all the fascinations of beauty, all the splendours got steady, and afterwards load his gun, occasional Virgini; witness Sir Alfred, twenty miles run at of external accomplishment, and all the deliciously, with shot; but never let the time of your mak-Fairfield, when he run two dead heats with Duroc, joys of giddy dissipation? How invaluable does ing this addition be known to him, and the idea of and won the third heat with ease-and Sir Hal's such a woman appear, adorned and dignified, not it being, perhaps, impossible to strike his object, race at Broad Rock in the fall of 1814, when he only by all that earth can give, out decked in the will remove all anxiety, and he will soon become robes of that piety and loveliness which earth can perfectly collected. neither give nor take away. MOTHERS. If any thing in life deserves to be considered as at once the exquisite bliss and pre-eminent duty of broke down his antagonist, and run the four miles in seven minutes and forty-two seconds, believed to The intermediate lesson of a few shots, at small be the fastest heat ever run in the United States--and birds, may be given; but this plan throughout must in the fall of 1815, he won the Jockey Club purses be adopted at game, and continued, in the first in-at New Market and Bellefield, beating the finest stance, till the pupil has quite divested himself of horses in Virginia with the greatest ease. One dolall tremor at the springing of a covey, and observed, lar for the groom must be sent with every mare. in the last, till most of his charges of shot have PETER SHIPLEY, Manager. The full-blooded and much distinguished Turf Horse It is proper to observe, that at the last race, Tip poo Sultan ran to an evident disadvantage, having run two races shortly before, and First Consul was a fresh horse, not having run once the whole season, and was trained on the course where they run for three or four weeks before the race. Will be let to mares, the present season, at the stable of Hyat Lyons, near the Court-house, White Plains, county of Westchester, 27 miles from New York, at ten dollars the season. Insurance by agree- In 1808, while in covering, he was matched ment. If the money is not paid by the first of Oc-against Gen Coles' Miller's Damsel, for $4000, the tober next, eleven dollars will be demanded. Any match, in consequence of the Damsel proving with person parting with an insured mare, before it can foal, was not run. be ascertained she is with foal, shall be liable to pay the same sum as if said mare had been put by the season. Tippoo Sultan is a fine bay, near sixteen hands high, twelve years old next grass, with black legs, mane, and tail; a remarkable share of bone, and is free from any blemish. He stands as high, in the estimation of horsemen, for his great strength, elegant figure, superior movement, and successful performances on the turf, as any horse in this country; and his stock are large, bony, and very promising. In the spring of 1809, he received $500 forfeit I. & I. TERHUNE. THE FARMER. BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 30, 1827. A similar order has been given in reference to which these eggs were procured, in full operation [We had the pleasure to see the worms from last spring, and none could be more healthful and vigorous. An opportunity to procure the very best stock is here presented, and the readers of the American Farmer have seen enough to be satisfied that Mr. Smith's "directions" will be minute and practical. We are much gratified to see that the observations of several years, to which he was prompted by curiosity, and for amusement, are about to be turned to such an useful account] BALTIMORE PRICES CURRENT. Reported for the American Farmer, by Lewis Sutton & Co. TOBACCO.--But little selling now, and less coming in; the prices are about the same as last week. Seconds, as in quality, $3.00 a 6 00-Scrubs, 4.50 a good red, 5.00 a 6.00-Fine red, 7.00 a 8.00-Yellow 7.50-common crop, 3.00 a 4.00-Do. red, 4.00 a 4.50— and red, 7.00 a 10.00-Yellow do. 5.50 a 10.00-Fine yellow, 15.00 a 20.00-Virginia do. 3 50 a 8.00-Rappahannock, 3.00 a 3.50-Kentucky, 3.50 a 5.00 do. for wrapping, 6.00 a 7.00. Tippoo Sultan was got by Tippoo Saib, who was sired by the imported horse Messenger. Tippoo Saib's dam was got by Northumberland, his grandam The Postmaster of this city has been directed by Snap; bis great grandam, Gipsey, was got by Bay Bolton; his g. g. grandam by the Duke of New-by the Postmaster-General, to be prepared to send castle's Turk, out of a daughter of the Byerly Turk. a daily mail to Harrisburg and the principal offices Northumberland was got by Cade, who was sired on the York route, during the ensuing session of the by the Godolphin Arabian. Northumberland's damu legislature of Pennsylvania, which will be commenced on Tuesday next. was the dam of Snap, she was own sister to Slipby, by Lord Portmore's Fox. Tippoo Sultan's dam, Rosette, was got by Bajazet, who was sire of that There are now very few seats of State governcelebrated horse Polydore. Bajazet was got by Mr.ments, however remote, which are not favoured with Westenhomes' Tanner, his grandam by Babraham, daily mails during the session of their legislatures. his great grandam by Seabury, and his g. g. granUnder the new contracts, the Postmaster-Genera! dam by Childers, who is said to have run a mile in has arranged to have the mail delivered at Cincina minute. Tippoo Sultan's grandam was got by natti in six days from Baltimore; and so prosperous Bashaw, who was sired by Wildair, out of the Cub are the affairs of the department under the adininismare, his great grandam by Young Bulle-Rock, tration of Mr. McLean, that we have reason to who was sired by Old Bulle Rock, out of the Bri-think he will report a net surplus revenue of $100,000-GRAIN, white wheat, best 1.00 a 1.10-red, .90 a 1.03 dam of Liberty, King Herod, and Wilkes. Bri-after a prodigious extension of routes, and increase-OATS, .25 a 30-BEANS, .80 a 1.0-PEAS, .40 a .50tannia's dam was the celebrated imported mare Mi. of facilities; and that he will be able and willing to CLOVER seed, 4.50 a 5.00-TIMOTHY 3.00-BARLEY, .55 lia, Old Bulle Rock was sired by the well known make the turnpike from this city to Philadelphia, a .58-FLAXSEED, .75 a 80 COTTON, Virginia, .84 a imported horse Old Sparks, out of a full blooded with the revenues of his departinent, should Con-101-Louisiana, 11 a 13-Alabama, 10 a 114-Mismare. Tippoo Sultan's g g grandam was got by rss deem it expedient and within the power to souri, 10 a.103-N. Carolina, .81.9-WOOL wash'd, the noted turf horse Selim, the property of Samuel Galloway, E-q; his g. g. g. grandam by Col. Hopper's Pacolet; his g. g. g. g. grandam by Old Sparks; bis g. g. g. g. g. grandam was Col. Tasker's mare Queen Mab; his g. g. g. g. g. g. grandam was Miss tannia mare; she was full sister to True Briton, and Caldwell. Performances. In the spring of 1804, before he was three years old, he won a purse at the Island of Trees, on Long-island, beating Mr. Jones' and Gen. Coles' colts. "Establish post roads." The remarkable ox which has been exhibited during the past summer, in the eastern cities, denominated the "NEW HAMPSHIRE PHENOMENON, OR OX WITHOUT A PARALLEL," is on his way to Baltimore, and will arrive about the last of next week. SILK WORM EGGS. In the autumn of the same year, he won a colt's J. S. SKINNER, Esq. purse at New Market, distancing the whole field, same course. FLOUR-white wheat family, $5.75 a 6 00-superfine Howard-st 5.00 a 5.124 a 6.00-city mills, 4.50 a 4.75Susquehanna, 4.50 a 4.75-CORN MEAL, bbl. 2.75 a 2 874 -ord'y, .75 a .80--CORN, new .42 a .43-RYE, 40 a .50 .18 a.22-half blood, .26 a 28-three-quarter, .28 a 30 CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. An Essay on the physical properties of the four I have a quantity of silk worm eggs of the best earths which chiefly constitute Soils, and the advantages of chemically analyzing them, by John Youngalthough he carried thirteen pounds over his weight, Italian stock, which I am desirous of disposing of to -On Manufacture of Cotton in the Southern States, and run the second round of the second heat in one persons in the country who wish to make them No. 9-Extract from an Address by Dr Thomas P. minute fifty-eight seconds. Allowing for the over-selves practically acquainted with the cultivation of Jones, on the employment of Slaves in the manufacturweight, it is the greatest run ever made on the silk, either for the satisfaction of a laudable curiosi-ing of Cotton and other Goods, delivered in the Hall ty or for the purpose of introducing it into their of the Franklin Institute, Nov. 6-On the cultivation of agricultural pursuits. I propose dividing them into Kape-On irrigation-On Leaves for Manure-Circusmall parcels, that a general knowledge of this in-lar from the Secretary of the Treasury to our Consuls teresting subject may be disseminated, and to accompany each parcel with directions for the ma nagement of the worms from the egg to the cocoon, thence to the laying and preservation of the eggs for another year's use. During the cold weather of winter, they can be sent, by mail, to any part of the Union, and the postage on thein will not exceed The following week, he won a purse at New Mar-treble postage on a common letter. Those who ket, the four-mile heats, beating, with ease, Mr. Bond's horse Sir Solomon, distancing Hamiltonian In 1806, he won a purse at New Market, the three mile heats, beating O'Kelly, Warran, Morgan, and Potomac. A few days after the preceding race, he won a purse at Haerlem, the four mile heats, distancing Alfred and Warran. In 1807, he won a purse at Haerlem, the three mile heats, beating Mr. Hughes' horse Lurcher, and run it in a shorter time than it was ever run before on the same course. and one other. About ten days after, he won a purse and match race at Haerlem, the four-mile heats, beating_Mr. Bond's celebrated and successful turf horse, First Consul. may wish for eggs may apply to me by letter, by abroad, and from the Secretary of the Navy to Commanders of vessels on the introduction of Foreign Plants and Seeds, with Directions for putting up and transmitting them-Mr. Prince, on American indigenous Grapes for making Wiue, and notice of the Isabella Grape-Calculations on Rail ways-Valuable Suggestions-To Mothers-Instructions to Young Sportsmen-Pedigrees of Valuable Horses, continued, Old Dove, Imported horse Sir Harry, Tippoo Sultan-Editorial, Post-Office Arrangements, Celebrated New Hampshire Ox, Mr. G. B. Smith's Silk Worm Eggs-Prices. Printed every Friday, at Five Dollars per annum, for JOHN S. SKINNER, Editor, by Joan D. Toy, corner of St Paul and Market-sts., where every description of Book and Job Printing is handsomely executed. No. 38.-VOL. 9.] AGRICULTURE. AMERICAN FARMER-BALTIMORE, DECEMBER 7, 1827. 297 ed, unless it can be carted to market, and be re- cupied by Swedish turnips, and had been carefully placed by large supplies of manure. LOYD JONES. I am, very obediently, &c. yours, GRASSES. On Grasses-Orchard or Cocksfoot-Timothy and Powelton, Feb. 10, 1827. tilled for many seasons in succession, two bushels of herds-grass seeds per acre, in addition to the usual quantity of clover and timothy seeds, were sown with Persian barley in the spring of 1820. A much larger piece was sown at the same time, with timothy alone The timothy soon disappeared from the herds grass has formed a tough and valuable both-the clover of course long since went outsward. Upon arable farms it is sometimes troublesome, as it is as tenacious of life as blue grass. Its product is not generally heavy upon such lands, and I should In presenting Mr. Jones' communication, it is not not therefore cultivate it with a regular course of necessary that I should advert to his accuracy and white crops, although upon a grazing farm, or upon reputation as a farmer, with which you are suffisome large southern domains, where it would be ciently acquainted, to receive his opinions and state- well that the landholders should forget half their ments, with implicit reliance upon their validity and possessions, it might be expedient to cultivate it force. He is the most successful cultivator of orch-largely, and obviate the necessity of indulging the ard grass, with whose practice I have become ac-fatting bullocks with a regular ramble for the solace quainted in any part of the United States. of their stomachs, throughout some hundred acres As he has detailed his mode of securing the of growing Indian corn. seeds, I may be allowed to state, that I have for se- great merit of being able to take care of itself. The herds-grass has the veral years induced him to send large quantities of I have the honour to be, &c. them to my agricultural friends, whose experience, JOHN HARE POWEL. in confirmation of my impressions, that when pro- To the President of the Penn. Agric. Society. perly treated they seldom fail, establishes the correctness of his management in collecting them. (From Hints for American Husbandmen.) ORCHARD GRASS. On Orchard Grass-Manner of Cultivation-securing the seeds- Quantity sown-Season and modeCauses of failure-Product and value for pasturage and hay—its nutritive qualities and superiority over Timothy, both when green and dry.—By LOYD JONES, Esq. DEAR SIR, Montgomery co., Pa., Feb. 5, 1827. have cultivated orchard grass for five and twenears. My crops failed from the bad quality of the seed, until they were secured by myself. When they are in the state at which they can be shaken from the heads, the stems are cut by a skilful cradler just above the tops of the under grass. After some practice, he is enabled to catch with his left hand the portions taken by the cradle, and to place them regularly as he advances. They are immediately bound in sheaves large as a man's leg. Double swarths are afterwards mown with a naked scythe to remove the under grass, and leave at propep distances throughout the field, openings upon which the sheaves are shocked. They remain in this state from eight to ten days, until sufficiently dry to be carried to the barn, where they are forth- I have before brought to your notice the extraorwith thrashed to guard against heating, the great dinary product of cocksfoot or orchard grass as passource of injury to the seeds of this valuable crop. turage upon strong soils-its early appearance in The usual manner of securing them, by putting the the spring-its vigourous and rapid growth throughsheaves into the mow, is, I am satisfied, the most out the summer and autumn, affording even in Deeffectual mode to destroy the principle of vegetacember, the most succulent and nutritive herbage I tion, as they can rarely be so treated, without being have in this climate seen. mow-burned. Of timothy as pasturage, I have had during After having been thrashed, they should be strew-twenty years, opinions similar to those conveyed by ed upon the barn floor-occasionally stirred, if the Mr. Jones. quantity be large, during eight or ten days, until they are perfectly dry-without this precaution they would inevitably be heated. DEEP PLOUGHING. On Deep Ploughing-Oyster-shell Lime-the management and application of Vegetable and Animal Manures.-By JOHN HARE POWEL, ESQ. On highly manured, or deep alluvial soils, it produces greater crops of hay, than any grass I have grown, except red clover. Mr. Welles, of Boston, The under grass should all be mown for hay, as a few years since obtained four tons of timothy hay soon as possible, after the seeds have been harvest-per acre, from a large field. His well known preci-nagement, except on arid sands. ed. If it be allowed to stand but for a few days, it sion, independent of the ample proofs he adduced, loses its nutritive properties-in fact dies, after hav-sufficiently establishes the fact. When allowed to ing lost the heads. The hay thus made, and pro- become mature, I think it causes as much exhaus perly secured, although necessarily harsh from hav- tion as a crop of spring barley or oats. ing been allowed to pass the stage of its growth from land becoming better, whilst exposed to the And so far when most succulent and nutritious, I have found effects of the scythe, and the rays of the sun in a good fodder, for both horses and neat cattle. regular course, wherein timothy is introduced as the meliorating crop, I am led to believe that it is made worse. If timothy be depastured after the first crop has been taken, I apprehend that, as its after growth is extremely feeble, in this climate, the sun must have great effect upon the soil, throughout the hottest season of the year. The product of seeds varies from ten to twenty bushels per acre. I have had in a very favourable season, twenty bushels upon land which would not have afforded, I think, ten of wheat. The product of this, as of all crops, depends much, of course, upon the season, and the preparation of the land. The crop to which I advert, was purposely grown upon a poor soil, to show the excellence of the plant, and the fallacy of the assertion, that it required very rich land. I sow from eight to ten quarts of clover seeds, and a bushel of orchard grass seeds per acre in February, upon wheat or rye land. I should prefer their being sown with oats or barley, as the seeds could be covered more regularly with the harrow, and their vegetation would be secured. I do not apprehend injury from frost in early sowing, but I dread the effects of drought from late. I have never suffered from early, but have generally had cause to regret the evils of late sowing. I consider orchard grass the best herbage for pasturage upon upland-for hay it certainly cannot be excelled. I cultivated timothy for many years. As pas turage it is utterly worthless after the first of July, upon upland. Timothy hay is valuable for turf horses, and those used in quick draught-but for the purposes of farmers, I think it should not be raised. I have long since discontinued its growth. It is a great exhauster, and should never be cultivatNo. 38.-Vol. 9. Powelton. I have reclaimed, by oyster shell lime and deep most exhausting crops, which the cupidity or folly ploughing, a farm, made sterile by a series of the of bad tepants could suggest. I am not ignorant of the objections which have been often brought, and not less ingeniously supported, against breaking the "pan," and reversing the sub-soil; but I have seen few instances, where ultimate success has not attended deep ploughing, in a judicious course of masub-soils, of different hues, mixed with substances, I have turned up varying from tenacious clay, to loose gravel, or sparkling sand, and have found, that those who rile clay," confess, that at the end of five years, I condemned my "burying fertile mould beneath steobtain great crops, by means of deep and fine tilth, from a chesnut ridge, and gravel bottom, originally covered with barren oak and cedar trees. Some of my friends, who are in the habit of hauling manure to the distance of twelve miles, may imagine, that my proximity to the town, affords a remedy for all the defects of soil. Within twelve years, I have Red-top or herds-grass has recently been brought of manure, although during part of the time, large expended but six hundred dollars in the purchase more into notice, and it will, I have no doubt, be quantities of hay were sold from my farm. Where extensively cultivated, when it shall have been bet- the mould was five inches deep, I ploughed ten in ter known. We see it generally upon the ill re- the autumn-applied caustic oyster-shell lime, in claimed marsh lands of an adjacent state, where quantities, equal to eighty or an hundred bushels perhaps its extraordinary hardiness and large pro- per acre. duct, even under the most slovenly management, the sub-soil, and took a white crop. In the next In the spring, I ploughed six, reversed may have retarded to a certain extent, the improve-autumn, I ploughed nearly eight for a winter cropment of the district in which it is principally grown. in the succeeding year, the original depth of ten It will flourish where no other grass, which we cul- inches was reached by the plough. In some intivate, can live. Its apparent qualities, and the stances, for root crops, it has been gradually inquantity of nutritive matter, are no doubt very creased. much influenced by the state of the land upon drawn by four oxen, my land has been ploughed This day with Wood's Plough, No. 2, which it is produced; hence when offered in the for mangel wurtzel more than fourteen inches deep. market in competition with the produce of the most The 'caput mortuum" or sub-soil, after having in highly cultivated upland-it is condemned. The the first instance been corrected by the causticity seeds of this grass, as of those of cocksfoot, are of lime, and the expansion of frost-improved by rarely brought to the shops in a sound state-they, the atmosphere, and the calcareous matter which as the former, are surrounded by chaff, which, if remained, was turned below the depth of an ordiclosely examined, will be found frequently to enve-nary furrow. The first crop was certainly better lope shrivelled kernels, and to be infested with some of the most noxious weeds with which a farmer can contend. Upon a small piece of land which had been oc than that which had preceded it, as the advantages derived from the lime, the larger supply of moisture, secured by the greater capacity of the loose soil for its deposite, and the increased depth of |