filth, more than compensated for the injury, that fashion, I am not prepared to remain a colonist in fed to give credit to the doctrine which I have so might be apprehended, from the admixture of small thinking, that we cannot manage our farms, with confidently advanced. This, however, need not portions of "sour soil." The next crop was nearly out European precedent or rule. excite surprise, as most of them are acquainted as good-the succeeding crops have gradually in If any man were to cultivate a large farm in this with the manufactured goods in their finished state creased in quantity, weight, and value. The inge-state, after the most approved scientific mode, only, and cannot, therefore, estimate the moderate nious inventor of the sub stratum plough, has added which the agricultural doctors would have us adopt, portion of skill required by each individual employmuch to our means of improvement, in this, as he he might expect to have an empty barn, and ere ed in their formation. This can be done only by has done by the application of his skill to the pro-long a light pocket. those acquainted with the details of the workshop. duction of various implements, valuable by their Science is essential to the agricultural art-che- Should the truth of the doctrine which I have adsimplicity and cheapness-but whilst I acknowledge mistry aids it at every turn,-cooking is a chemical vocated be admitted, the philanthropist, and the the benefit he has conferred, by placing a substitute process; yet I should be unwilling to be fed, with political economist, will hail with equal pleasure, for deep ploughing within the reach of those, who soup from the laboratory of the great Davy himself the change which will be effected in the south, by cannot be tempted to reverse the sub-soil, I cannot unless he had been practised in seasoning his broth the introduction of manufacturing establishments; avoid thinking, that if the sub-soil in all cases be -even if with the aid of the whole college of physi- as it will, at the same time, add greatly to the deleterious to vegetation when brought to the sur cians, it were scientifically compounded, as Smol-fort of the slave, and to the solid wealth o face-when meliorated by the chemical action of lett's feast of the ancients and served in classic vases community. For a considerable period the planters lime-by the expansion of frost-by exposure to of gold. I am, very obediently, yours, &c. the influences of heat and light-by the operation of various agents and manures, employed for the mechanical separation of its particles, or the sup ply of its deficiencies, it must, in most cases, be injurious to the tender radicles, which have been led. to a "caput mortuum;" whither they never could have been seduced, but by the attractions of water, to vegetate, for a time-soon after to die, and dis ease or debilitate the plant. JOHN HARE POWEL. To the President of the Penn. Agric. Society. MANUFACTURE OF COTTON IN THE COTTON RECOMMENDED AS THE MATERIAL FOR in many places have found it extremely difficult to pay their current expenses, and to feed and clothe their negroes, from the annual produce of their lands; and thousands have removed to the more fertile regions in the western states, not with the expectation of accumulating wealth, but merely for the purpose of obtaining a ready and abundant supCor-ply for their negro families. Thousands more of our southern fellow citizens will be compelled to adopt the same expedient, unless some new resource be obtained. On the progress of manufactures and internal im- M. D. to his own particular business, and if this be one I have never had apprehension of the loss of animal manure by sinking, as its component parts are Do not imagine that I am the friend of slavery, generally so insoluble in water, as to cause them to which I believed to be in the slightest degree calor that I would willingly promote any measures be left by filtration sufficiently near to the surface culated to extend, and perpetuate this great moral for all our purposes: but I have had many motives evil. At the present day slavery has but few advoto guard against its escape by evaporation, and therefore invariably deposite it deeply, and genecates; and they are as rare among the intelligent rally in its freshest state, beneath the surface of the slave-holders to the south, as they are with us. A land. My experience during nearly twenty years The negro possesses, in general, a degree of emula-long residence among them, and an intimate achas taught me that in this climate, where the exhalation, equal, at least, to that of the white labourer; Iquaintance with many of them, enable me to make tions of the sun during one season, the influence of say at least equal, but, in my estimation it is superior. this declaration with the most undoubting confiwind-the effects of melting snow, and torrents of I have been repeatedly struck with the avidity with dence; and I feel, therefore, that in making it, I rain, during another, upon a surface made imper which they seek, and the gratitude with which they perform an act of simple justice only, and should vious by frost almost to the edge of an axe, top receive instruction on any point relating to their bu-be much gratified if I were able to remove any pordressing, except when principally composed of calsiness; and surprised to hear how anxiously the tion of that prejudice which tends to estrange one careous matter, should seldom be applied. Old wish has been expressed that they could visit the part of our country from the other. pastures remarkable for the excellence of their her-north, to see and to learn new methods of working, bage, or grass lands within the reach of large a wish entirely unconnected, I am sure, with any towns, may be profitably enriched by the applica- other idea than the simple one expressed. Although tion of animal manure to the surface in the spring, thus emulous, the emulation of the negro is limited when the soil is open, and the grass by pushing forth its leaves, soon affords some protection, from the sun, whilst they imbibe to a certain extent, the fertilizing principle, passing off in a gaseous form The expedients which the dearness of land, and the cheapness of labour, have coerced certain Europeans to adopt, cannot for ages become profitable. where the farmer tills generally his own soil; and the labourer is paid, and protected, as being worthy of regard, and the wages of his toil. Compost heaps, in certain situations, may be advantageously formed. In very few would they repay the cost of chopping, turning, and scientific commixing, with out noticing the loss, in this climate, at each opera tion, of animal matter, by the escape of its vola tile parts-not the least essential of which it is formed. I am satisfied, that all animal manures should, if practicable, be applied in their freshestly at a loss to divine. state-that where this cannot be done, they should So little aware of this fact, or so averse to its be covered with earth, and exposed in the fold yard. manifestation, have been those persons who have to the treading of beasts, in order, that the mass conducted the establishments for cotton spinning, may be made compact-the air be excluded-and to the south, that in mills which have been in opera- At present, the occupation of the plantation consequently, decomposition retarded, until its in tion for three or four years, none but white persons slave is, in many instances, an alternation between fluence shall be directly applied, to stimulate plants, are, or were lately, employed, excepting in offices of absolute idleness and severe labour, most of the and enrich the soil. mere labour. Some enterprising individuals are crops raised, demanding at one period, unremitted now establishing cotton works in the vicinity of Pe-attention, and at others, allowing long intervals of tersburg, in Virginia. A gentleman who has taken complete relaxation. The principal product of the great interest in this subject, accidentally met with plantation, which exacts regular attendance and afthe superintendant, and inquired whether it was his fords employment to the younger negroes, is the intention to employ negroes in the manufactory; he cotton crop; and this circumstance has operated as replied that it was a thing of which he had never a strong inducement to many planters to cultivate thought; and until very lately, all the owners of it; as every intelligent man is aware that moderate, slaves appear to have been in the same predica- and regularly continued labour, is the most favourment: even now, there are but few of them prepar- able to the physical and moral constitution of man. The curious sheds, ingenious stercoraries, and mellow compost "pies," of which prints are given, and on which long essays have been written, I have been convinced, are adapted neither to the climate of Pennsylvania, nor to our purses nor plans. I should be unwilling to shake off some of the prejudices, which we have imbibed, with our mother fongue: but although I do not object to cut a heavy h coat in an August day, after a foreign winter When I first removed to the south, I carried with me many of those prejudices which are common in the non-slave holding states; and although, from the very nature of moral truth, it was impossible for me to see any thing which could lessen my abhorrence of slavery, in the abstract, yet found that much more had been done than I had apprehended, and that much is still in progress, to lessen its attending evils; and was also thoroughly convinced, that Assuming these positions as facts, and such I its removal is a problem of no easy solution. The know them to be, it will readily be admitted, that work, however, is making a sure, though slow, better materials for making workmen, in any regu-progress; the slaves are gradually acquiring informalar and ordinary manufacture, where labour saving tion, and their owners generally both confess, and machinery is employed, do not exist any where. It feel the iniquity of the system. Examples of cruelis not merely in cotton bagging, and other fabrics ty are very rare, and indelible disgrace affixes itself of the coarser kind, that the negro may be employ- to him who has the character of being a bad mased; although these will necessarily come first in or ter. The friends of emancipation must rejoice der, he, I am convinced, will be found equal to the should one of the most serious obstacles to its acproduction of some of the finer articles furnished complishment be removed, by training the slave to in the spinning factory, and by the loom; what va- habits of industry, in a business which will tend lid reason can be urged to the contrary, I am utter- to prepare him for a state of freedom, and thus pave the way for the gradual removal of an entailed evil, which cannot be directly, or suddenly, touched, without committing monstrous injustice in the case of both the parties concerned. The period, however, has arrived, when, as I have already remarked, the cotton crop will not, in many situations, pay for its culture, preparation, and carriage to market; and it is absolutely necessary that other employment should be found for the hands, there being no probability, and scarcely a possibility, of an advance in the price; indeed, the very reverse of this may be anticipated. I have attempted to indicate that new employment, which is so much needed, and to prove that it is not only necessary and desirable, but practicable. groes. The records of the patent office, and numerous in u pre and the artificial blue vals are expensive carious. The African dyes are the best, and beyond all doubt the cheapest If our factories succeed, as we are well assured they will, southern planters Of the awakening attention of the south, to the should cultivate indigo, as well as cotton, in the diffusion of information on the important subject of vicinity of them I the southern agriculturists are the mechanic arts, many evidences might be ad- not wanting to themselves, what have they to fear? duced; one only shall be mentioned. The board of With the judicious employment of our cotton visitors of the University of Virginia, have, by a re- and slaves, and our indigo, our eastern brethres cent regulation, made it the particular duty of the will soon acknowledge the value of our whites, our professor of natural philosophy, to include in his blacks, and our blues. course of lectures, the application of this science to operative mechanics. AN INDIGO PLANTER. If any doubt remains of the capacity and fitness of slaves to conduct the operations of a factory, let the experiment be fairly made by selecting an equal number of slaves and of free white persons, and place them in rival factories This would awaken emulation, and test the opinions for which I have been contending, and which I am happy to perceive seems now gaining numerous converts in the south as well as in the north. It would be well to suggest this idea at the meeting to be held in Richmond, ou the 17th inst. B. In the introduction of every new system, difficulties are to be encountered, and removed; but those which at first appear insuperable, yield rea- It may be thought by some, and perhaps correctdily, and rapidly, to the energy of determined per- ly, that a subject might have been chosen better severance. In the present instance, as in most suited to the purpose of an opening address to the others, prejudice and habit both stand in the way. Franklin Institute, than that to which I have given The south will not supply persons able to establish, a prominent place. The uses and importance of or to superintend these new manufactories, and the science to the artizan, have been so frequently treat proper management of the slave, requires consi ed on, that the subject has become trite, and they derable knowledge and experience; his usefulness, are now so generaily admitted, as scarcely to need and even his happiness, demands that the kind of being insisted upon: that which I have preferred apfamiliarity which is admissible among white perpeared to me to be one of high interest to every ci sons should be avoided, and that the difference of tizen; and one also which will inevitably, and situation should be constantly and distinctly mark-quickly, force itself upon public attention. A topic ed; and all this may be, and is done, without violat-so immediately connected with the extension of Suffolk, Nansemond county, ing the duties of kindness, or of humanity. Persons manufactures in our common country, cannot be THOMAS MASSEY, Esq. Va. 28th Nov. 1827. brought up to the north, frequently err in this out of place when brought before an institution, point; for although there are some whose under which, though nominally Pennsylvanian, is essential-contained in the American Farmer of the 16th inst. Sir,-Your very polite answer of the 7th inst. standings will enable them at once to adopt the ly national. right course, the greater number are inclined to be To the political economist I commit the discus-is thankfully received and read by me with much vol. 9, page 274-5, to my queries of previous date at first too familiar, and subsequently too severe, and sion of the question as it respects its connection there is consequently some well grounded preju- with his inquiries. I have very slender claims to pleasure and interest, and I doubt not but the same dice against making them the managers of ne- knowledge upon this subject; in fact, I can scarcely and since you have been so good as to promise inwill be interesting to many gentlemen of the south, This may limit the number of suitable say, that I have formed a theory for myself; al- formation on the subject of slave labour in factomanagers, yet it is not an insuperable objection to though I, of necessity, entertain opinions which ap ries, may I be again permitted, through that valuathe system I am advocating; the practice of a few pear to me to have their foundation in practical ble paper, to trouble you as to some further inquiyears would enable the south to supply her own su- truth, which is my only guide. In the field of po- tries, the power required to drive 1,000 spindles perintendants, and in many respects with manifest litical science I have been only a gleaner; my at-with all the preparatory machinery, and being advantage to herself. tention has been directed almost exclusively to the physical sciences; and these admit of no Procrus equal to the power of five good horses; do you mean tean bed, but consider every well established fact be (with the deduction of the expenses of the horses to be understood to say, that the horse power will as standing upon a basis which no theory can re and an extra hand to drive) as profitable, or nearly move. so, as the water power, or what per cent. upon the capital assumed by you should be deducted from tra cost of steam over and above water, and to what advantage do you think horse or steam power (or both) could be used in a slave country? These inquiries are made for the benefit of the people of engaged in manufacturing,) and you will readily see my adopted county, (not that I ever expect to be the object of my minute inquiry when I inform you in the summer they generally dry up: we have more we have no sites for mills, other than tub-mills, and than an abundance of wood, not one sixth of our "The women of Mandingo, Kaarta and Luda- could be used to any advantage and without a delands being cleared, so that if horse or steam power mar, dye cotton cloth of a rich and lasting blue, by duction of too much per cent. from the water powthe following simple process: The leaves of indigo, er, we might then justly say that nature had made when fresh gathered, are pounded in a wooden mor- equal provision for all. One more inquiry and I tar and mixed in a large earthen jar, with a strong am done for the present. Could a tub wheel mill, with sufficient water power, be used to the same advantage in propelling all the machinery, &c. as an heavier water power to carry the tub than the other over or under shot wheel? I know it would require wheel. Excuse these inquiries if you please, and believe me they are intended for the good of my country. I am, sir, with due respect. There is another class of persons existing in the southern states, who are in fact, though free, less happily situated than the slaves themselves, and which by the extensive introduction of the manufacturing system, would not only be redeemed from wretchedness, but become a mine of wealth to the country, instead of remaining a degraded cast, and AFRICAN MODE OF DYEING A RICH AND LASTING the horse machine, and also what would be the ex a heavy burden; I allude to the poorer portion of the white inhabitants. Among these there is a very DEAR SIR, BLUE. Philadelphia, Nov. 30, 1827. large number of widows, with families of children, I am now so well convinced that the manufacture suitable to the occasion. It is a subject of increasing difficulty in the part of our country of which I am speaking, that the occupations are so few, which are deemed reputable ley of wood ashes. The stuff is steeped in this for the sons of those who are in good circumstances; mixture, and allowed to remain until it has acquired and, in the present state of things, this difficulty is a proper shade. Where indigo is not plenty, they a real one The encouragement to become plant-collect the leaves, reduce a sufficient quantity to ers is very small indeed, and the professions of me-powder, and mix with ley, as above. In either way dicine, and of law, are overstocked. Manufactories this colour is very beautiful, with a fine purple gloss, do not exist upon a scale sufficiently extensive to equal to the best indian or European blue." (See afford acceptable stations; and until they do, it Park's Travels, p. 318, American edit.) would argue but little knowledge of the state of af Indigo is cultivated in many of the southern fairs in the south, or of the principles of human na-states with almost as much ease, as clover in Pennture, to expect those who are considered as holding sylvania. Instead of pounding, it can be passed ESTABLISHMENT AT GREAT FALLS IN a station in the higher walks of society, to devote through rollers like sugar cane, and placed in vats their attention to the mechanic arts. A deficiency made of brick work lined with water cement; and in the requisite talents will not be expected, for thus used on a large scale to dye cotton yarns for although the opportunities of displaying it have the northern markets. By this cheap and simple been less numerous, the same aptitude at invention process our yarns will acquire a value of twelve or and adaption exist in the south, which is so cha- fifteen cents in the pound. It is very troublesome racteristic of the inhabitants of the northern states. and uncertain to form cake indigo out of the weed, JOHN THOMPSON KILBY. NEW-HAMPSHIRE. Mr. Russell.-You will gratify a number of your friends in New Hampshire, and the friends of the American System at large, by copying the followng article from the Philadelphia Gazette of the United States. It is unquestionably from a correct, intelligent, and impartial source; and affords in formation of an establishment, which, although the We now come to the Woollen mills, one of which The curfew bell (as they call it) gives, at 10 o'clock, is for the manufacture of carpeting, where it is the summons to retire for the night, and is strictly made to any pattern by a plan invented by a young observed. All then is silence, except the noise of man, a native of Connecticut, who never was out the ceaseless stream, tumbling over the dams, and of this country, and I think never saw a yard of dashing among the rocks below. It is impossible carpet wove until he contrived his plan. You see to pay a visit to this wonderful place, without innothing in the weaving room but common four-dulging in the future prospects which are dawning (From the United States Gazette.) treadle looms geared in a new way; the whole on the country. What may we not expect, when a Having lately seen in the United States Gazette figure of the pattern being regulated in the room protection from the government shall call all our rean account of the village of Lowel, Massachusetts, above, and this is done to the greatest accuracy, sources into action. If in this one establishment, and its large manufacturing establishment, which so that a common weaver can soon learn the pro with only its present capacity, (which, be it rememgave me great pleasure; I beg leave, through the cess, there being very little required more than in bered, can be quadrupled,) the value of three hunmedium of your useful paper, to offer you an ac common weaving, but to be careful to change the dred thousand dollars, of raw material, is yearly count of the village of "Great Falls," situate on colour of the yarn for the filling, and that there enhanced seven hundred and eighty thousand dolGreat Salmon Fall river, in Summersworth, Straf-shall be no danger of this, a small ball, which is lars. ford county, five miles from Dover, and seventeen suspended above, falls down and strikes the weaver Say, 1,000,000 lbs. of cotton, manufactured into from Portsmouth, New Hampshire. gently on the forehead every time the colour is to 5,000.000 cloth, say of yards, at the moderate be changed. price of 12 cents, $600,000 I spent a few days there last summer, and was so highly gratified, and delighted, that I took occasion to inform myself of the rise and progress of this splendid concern, which, as regards capacity for manufacturing, has no rival on this side the Atlantic; and, in point of arrangement, is exceeded by none, either here or in Europe. Cost of 1.000.000 lbs. of raw cotton, at Say 240,000 lbs. of wool, made into cloth, 120.000 480,000 480,000 180,000 $00,000 Total, $780,000 Who, with such facts before them, can doubt the capacity of the country, to increase in solid wealth and power, through the medium of manufactures, to an unlimited extent; and who can fear that, with such resources, our foreign commerce will not greatly increase. I was peculiarly struck with the simplicity and ease with which the inventor wove a very difficult pattern; indeed, not seeing the apartment where the pattern was made, it seemed more like magic than any thing else, that the simple working of four treadles should produce so complicated a figure. The site on which now stands the beautiful vil In the old countries, boys are used to draw the dif lage of "Great Falls," was a wilderness five years ferent treadles, which make the figure, and are de ago it now contains fifteen hundred inhabitants,signated by numbers. The invention, at "Great two hundred neat dwellings, five stores, a tavern, Falls," saves all manual labour, except as in a and five large boarding houses. The ground for common loom, one man makes about six yards, the erection of this "Manchester in miniature," was each loom, per day, and there are thirty in operafirst broken in 1822, by an enterprising individual, tion-which would, of course, be 54,000 yards per who built a frame Cotton mill, (which is, therefore, annum, worth, when finished, about $1 25 yer yard. called mill No. 1.) It is three stories bigh, base-The fabric is remarkably stout and strong, and ment and attic, 65 by 35; contains 1700 spindles, with proper encouragement from the government, and 45 power looms, consuming, weekly, 1600 lbs. no doubt remains, that, in a little time, this manucotton, and producing, weekly, 6500 yards of shirt-facture will be extended, and will entirely take the ings and printing cloths, from yarn No. 25; em-place of imported ingrain carpeting. ploys nine men and boys, and sixty girls; the girls The broad cloth mill next presents its commandcan earn from $1 50 to $2 50 per week, and their ing appearance, in a building five stories high, board, which is estimated at $1 17 per week. basement, &c., 220 by 48 feet; now manufactures In 1823 the present company was incorporated 250 yards daily; and has machinery enough to with a capital of five hundred thousand dollars, and manufacture, per day, four hundred yards. It was in the spring of 1824, commenced the building of in operation the day of my visit, and I had a full Mill No. 2, which is of beautiful bricks, made on opportunity to examine the whole process. Havthe premises, is three stories high, basement and ing been in some of the most extensive manufac- I give you this hasty sketch, Messrs. Editors, not attic, 154 by 45 feet, contains 7000 spindles and tories of cloth in England, and been accustomed doubting one single item, and should the magni188 power looms; consumes 3300 lbs. of cotton to see the process of cloth-making, as weil as cot-tude of the description create doubts in the minds weekly, and produces, weekly, 4000 yards of shirt-ton spinning and power loom weaving, I ven- of any of your readers, I recommend to them a ing and 15000 yards of printing cloths, from No ture to say more beautiful machinery is not to be trip to the village of Great Falls, which, I venture 40; employs 40 men and boys, and 175 girls. This to say, will fully confirm all my statements, and mill went into operation in July, 1825. amply compensate them for the fatigue and expense In 1826, the capital was increased to one million of the journey. VIATOR. of dollars, and Mill No. 3, commenced in the spring, and roofed in the same fall; is 390 feet by 48, four stories high, with basement and attic; it is calculated for 20,000 spindles, and 600 looms, which will produce 70,000 yards, made of yarn No. 35, and require 12.000 lbs. of cotton per week. It has four water-wheels-two now running and the gearing nearly ready for 6,000 spindles, which are almost completed, and are expected to be in operation in January next. This is the present projected, and nearly completed, establishment of the cotton department, which, with the woollen mills to be mentioned directly, occupy the present level of thirty feet fall, equal to 30,000 spindles; and this is but one fourth the power. As soon as Mill No. 3, shall be filled with machinery, there will be in operation 28,700 spindles, 823 looms-weekly consumption of cotton 16,900 lbs.-average No. of yarn 33; weekly produce of yards, 95.500-employing 169 men and boys, and 760 women and children. 95,500 yards per week, gives per annum 4,966,000 yards, which, at 12 cents, is $595,920 00 16,900 lbs. of cotton per week, is per annum, 878,800 lbs. which, at 12 cts. per lb., is Value added to the raw material, 105.956 00 $489,964 00 found in the whole world. With the woollen cards This single manufacturing establishment now consumes large quantities of spermaceti and olive oil, 2,000 barrels of flour, 6,000 bushels of corn, per annum-much iron, tobacco, rice, and 9,000 lbs. of madder. 40.000 lbs. dye-woods, 3,500 lbs. of copperas, 4,000 lbs. of alum, and 800 lbs. of cream and crude tartar. RECLAIMED MARSH. J. S. SKINner, Esq. Sir,-Having received much agricultural information from the pages of the "American Farmer," I know not that I could make a more suitable requital for the instruction thus imparted, than by communicating to your valuable paper the result of my own experience on a subject of some interest to the community. I am no theoretical farmer, governed by the influence of speculation alone; nor am I a wild experimentalist. The habits imposed by parental discipline, have formed me into a different character; being a plain, practical agriculturist, having seen in the course of my life much cultivation of the soil, and being conversant with the manner in which land, generally speaking, ought to be managed. But it is invidious to praise one department, where all was of the very first stamp. It is impossible to pay a visit to this magnificent establishment, without the greatest wonder being excited at the silence, the order, the decorum every where observed; as we walked through the mills not a word was uttered; every one seemed acquainted with his business; and as every thing is made on the premises, it may be presumed the occupations are very numerous. I was informed that all I saw, the bricks of which the mills and houses are built, and every thing but the iron, was manufactured on the premises-even the tools to make the machinery with, were all made in their work-shops, which are on the opposite side of the river, and are in the state of Maine. I inquired particularly as to the morals of the hands, and was assured they were better than those of the same class, employed in agricultural and other pursuits. For their physical appearance, I can speak myself, for I saw nothing I have just completed the exclusion of the tide but rosy contentment and comfort; and I hesitate from a piece of marsh on the waters of the Chickanot to say, there are no farmers' daughters, in any hominy, supposed to contain 100 acres, which, in its country, who live better in every sense of the word. unreclaimed state, was the most miry wild oat bed I To such an extent do they carry this, that good ever saw. Such was the condition of this marsh, dry paths are kept, in winter, from the boarding that two months ago, a hog could not pass over it; houses to the mills; and, in very stormy weather, and now, in consequence of my successful operathey are taken to and fro in carriages and sleighs. tions in regard to the exclusion of the tide-water, it has become so firm, that on yesterday evening I of a single individual. MULBERRY HEDGES. must astonishing curiosity is the variety of colours produced on the buds at first opening, white, light A writer in the New-England Farmer recomblush, deeper blush, light red, darker red, and pur-mends the substitution of Mulberry hedges in the ple-all on the same clusters place of the walls commonly used in this country In the report of the Horticultural Society of Lon- for the division of fields. The tree is well calcudon for the month of June, 1826, the following related for the purpose, being easily cultivated, of a "Rosa Grevillii-in a single fascimarks are made. thick growth, and of such a nature as to bear clipThe leaves, of culus of flowers are roses of every shade of purple, and from white to the darkest tint, it is one of the ping and cutting without injury. course, might be profitably applied to the feeding I have in-handsomest of climbing roses." of silk-worms, the raising of which, on an extenAfter these statements, any further description sive scale, has been again recommended to the atfrom me is deemed unnecessary, and I will merely tention of farmers. The plants should be set into remark. that it is the strongest rose in its growth the ground about one foot apart, and they should and the most rapid in the formation of long, vigour be clipped so as not to exceed five feet in height, ous shoots that I have ever seen, and will very and eighteen inches in thickness. Let a farmer speedily cover a large space. I have succeeded compare the annual expense of taking care of such during the past season in rearing about 150 young vigourous plants, one half of which have been disa hedge, with that of keeping in repair a wooden fence, and he can easily ascertain whether a change seminated throughout the Union. The present col-would be profitable. [N. Y. Advertiser. lection of roses of all the different kinds cultivated at this establishment, exceeds six hundred varieties, INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT. of which about five hundred are enumerated in the Catalogues, the others having been received since their publication. In this number are included about CHESAPEAKE AND DELAWARE CANAL. one hundred varieties of Chinese and India roses, The public in general and our citizens especially, The whole are regularly laand their hybrids. feel so much the importance of this great work, that belled, which affords to the amateur at the season of bloom a full opportunity of contrasting their we believe a short notice of its present state, obcomparative beauties, and at this period most forci-tained from sources which may be relied on, bly brings to mind the poetical description of what is termed in oriental climes, "the feast of roses." Yours, most respectfully, WM. PRINCE. The dykes or dams constructed by me were short, it is true; but I had to cross three creeks from forty to one hundred and ten feet wide, which I filled up with the mud or turf taken along the creek in lighters. In these dykes I have three trunks that work with the tide, and in an efficient manner. Be fore the accomplishment, and during the prosecu tion of my labours, often have I been jeered by my acquaintances about the impracticability of the attempt; but being convinced of ultimate success, I persevered until I not only dried the marsh, but left the mud flats of the creek entirely bare; and now I am perfectly satisfied that I shall be able to raise Indian corn on all the higher parts of the reclaimed land the ensuing year, and that the remain der will be equal to any hay land in the lower part of Virginia, without any exception whatsoever. As far as my knowledge extends with regard to the marsh lands of York, James, and Chickahominy rivers, I entertain no doubt but at least one moiety of them can be reclaimed at a cheaper rate, than a piece of piny land that is thickly set with trees even twelve inches across the stump. To all proprietors of marsh land, I earnestly recommend that they lose no time in reclaiming such land, as the value of their estates will be wonderfully enSuch is the high hanced by pursuing this course. opinion which I now form as to the value of the marsh reclaimed by me, that I would not accept the offer of $100 per acre. A FARMER AND SUBSCRIber. HORTICULTURE. ROSA GREVILLII. Linnæan Botanic Garden, near New York, November 19, 1827. J. S. SKINNER, Esq. Sir,-You have doubtless perceived, in perusing the European publications, that among the number of beautiful new roses which have been introduced from China and India, and the hybrids which have been produced from them, the Rosa Grevillii, or Greville's Rose, has been particularly noticed. Sonie cursory remarks were made relative to this rose a short time since in our public papers; but probably no better description could be given to the public than by quoting the statements in Loudon's Gardener's Magazine and in the Transactions of the London Horticultural Society. In the 4th No. of Loudon's Magazine, page 467, the following description is given in a letter from a gentleman to the Editor: "You will no doubt recollect the shoot I showed you of my Greville Rose, which grew eighteen feet in a few weeks. It is now in bloom, and is the most singular curiosity of all the rose tribe that has come under my observation, it grows on an E. by N. aspect, on the gable end of my house, covering above 100 feet square, with more than a hundred trusses of bloom. Some of them have more than fifty buds in a cluster, and the whole will average about thirty in a truss, so that the amount of flowor buds, is little, if any, short of 3000. But the SILK WORMS. be read with interest. will The three sections through the marshes from the Delaware river to St. George's, about four miles in length, are filled with water nearly as high as the common high water of the river, and an active navigation along it in sloops and scows for the purposes of the canal is carried on, a dredging machine is employed in excavating such parts as are not of the full depth of ten feet; the towing path embankment through the marsh has ceased to sink, and appears to stand perfectly firm, the south guard bank, of which the sinking was so rapid and extensive, and the extra expense so great, will be completed, it is believed, very soon, without any recurrence of difficulties. The fourth section of the canal, through St. George's mill-pond, about three miles, is also filled with water and navigable. As the dissertation cannot be anticipated before its publication at Washington, we can only give our readers a foretaste of the subject by stating the heads of the chapters (a copy of which we have ob tained.) The preliminary discourse contains the The fifth section, comprising the deep cut, said history of the gradual introduction of the silk worm from India into Europe, &c., and the body of the to be the most stupendous instance of canal excawork is divided into twelve chapters, from which vation in the world, is in a great degree completed something valuable and important may be anticipat-up to the summit bridge, to which point boats from the Delaware now sail. The sides of this portion ed, viz: of the canal are to be walled with thick masoury to the height of twelve feet, and for a distance including both banks, of five or six miles. Much of this gigantic work is done, and the masons are engaged in completing it as rapidly as possible. Division of Chapters. 1. Natural history and the mode of cultivating the mulberry tree. 2. Selection of the seeds or eggs of the silk worm, and instruction on the hatching of the same. 3. Distribution of the insects in boxes, on matts and over litter, of the condition of the nurseries for rearing them. 4 Description of the silk worm, (Bombyx Mori,) 5. Peculiar habits and wants of the silk worm. 7. Of the different ages, growth and moulting. The remaining sections, to the Chesapeake, have been for some time finished, and are ready for the admission of water as soon as the rest of the work will permit it. The four locks are completed, and the bridges are in use; that at the summit is a noble structure; it spans a gulf nearly three hundred feet wide and a hundred deep, presenting from the road way a view along the canal east and west for several miles. It is believed that the western division of the work will be completed early in the spring, and that the whole will be done by next summer. 9. Various diseases of the silk worms to be notic-co, or southern route, fifteen miles have been traced and attended to; their moulting and spinning the ball of cocoon. 10. Life and metamorphosis of the Bombyx into 11. Of gathering, fleecing and unwinding of the BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAIL-ROAD. In exploring the Falls road route and the Patapsed by the Engineers, and the irregularity of the ground has been found far less than was anticipated. It is said to be an interesting fact that the facilities discovered are such as those only who are familiar with the subject of topographical surveys, could suppose possible; and the certainty of making the rail-road, thus far, with comparative ease, is scertained beyond question. [Gazette. LADIES' DEPARTMENT. (From the U. States' Review and Literary Gazette.) The lady sate in sadness-her fair lid * * She stood before the altar, her pale brow Shed through the painted window a deep glow To earth than heaven she stood; when called to SPORTING OLIO. bleeding or medicine. It is necessary, however, to observe the horse carefully during the time we are increasing his allowance of oats, and diminishing ON FEEDING, EXERCISING AND GROOM-that of carrots and bran; and if he appear dull or ING HORSES. have a cough, however trifling, it indicates an inThe following are the directions of Mr. White, flammatory disposition of the body, and points out in the last edition of his Farriery, who for many the necessity of bleeding or of physic. But under years was Veterinary Surgeon to the Royal Dra- proper management I do not think such symptoms goons, and whose opinion and experience are enti would ever take place, though they always almost tled to the greatest attention, as they have raised far- do, when a horse is changed from grass to a close riery from the degraded state in which it continued stable and dry food too suddenly; and in such cases to his time. The beautiful and powerful horses of both bleeding and physics are indispensably nethe British cavalry are managed as directed by Mr. cessary to prevent the occurrence of very serious White, and are in much better condition than the diseases. horses of private individuals, which in general are allowed three times the quantity of food he recommends: ERROR CORRECTED, AND CHAllenge Given. J. S. SKINNER, Esq. Dixon's Spring, Nov. 16, 1827. In consequence of indisposition I have deferred until this late period contradicting a mistake that you made in the publication contained in your paper of 31st August last. The grand sire of the mare, there described, as raised by the subscriber, instead of Timoleon, is Truxton, who was, by Diomed. I have a half brother of the above mare, sired by Oscar, who was sired by Wonder. This colt is three years old next spring, and I will run him against any colt of the same age three miles and repeat, next fall, for $5,000, in the United States, out of the county of Sumner, according to the rules of the course where we may agree upon, Respectfully your friend and obedient servant, ANTHONY BLEDSOE SHELBY. MISCELLANEOUS. AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN; Detailing important Means of Preserving Health, from infancy to old age; the offices women should perform to each other at Births, and the Diseases peculiar to the sex: also those of Children and Adults-with an APPENDIX, containing Hints respecting the Treatment of Domestic Animals, and the Best Means of Preserving Fish and Meatby Th. Ewell, M. D., member of the Philadelphia Medical Society; formerly Surgeon of the Navy Yards at New York and City of Washington; and author of the works, entitled Discourses on Chemistry, Letters to Ladies, Attempt to improve the Theory and Practice of Medicine, &c.; second edition, improved. If a horse cannot get fresh vegetable food, such as lucern, vetches, (tares) clover, &c. you will find carrots a useful substitute during this time of rest. The horse should be allowed to drink frequently; and, if he be not immoderate, he may be suffered to drink as often, and as much as he pleases He should be fed sparingly with oats; and on no ac count be allowed beans, or any thing of the kind. The best general diet of the dry kind is, perhaps, a mixture of oats, chopped hay, and bran, to be given alternately with green food; or, if a sufficient quantity of green food can be procured, very little dry meat will be necessary. This treatment will serve in some measure as a substitute for a run of grass, provided the stable be large and airy. The light also should be freely admitted, and if a convenient court be adjoined to the stable, the horse may be suffered to run in and out at pleasure, but, if there be nothing but the stable for hin to run in, it will be proper to walk him out quietly every morning and evening, allowing him to drink freely in a running stream or river, the feet during this time should be kept cool and moist, for which purpose they may be steeped daily with a mixture of soft clay and cow-dung. When a horse is taken from grass, or from the situation and treatment we have just described, in order to be got into a condition for racing, hunting, or the road, the first object of attention is, to bring about the necessary change in his food, and other circumstances, as gradually, and with as little inconvenience to the animal as possible. If he be taken from grass, let him be put at first into a large airy stable, and suffered to exercise himself in it. Let him drink frequently; and, instead of depriving him of his green food allow him at first some carrots with bran, and a moderate quantity of oats. He As the persons for whom this work is designed, should be walked out once a day at least. His al- may not be acquainted with Dr. Ewell's professional lowance of oats should be gradually increased, and character, the publisher deems it proper, to insert that of bran and carrots in like manner diminished the following from the Medical Repository, of New until the latter is wholly discontinued. If he be a York, conducted by the celebrated Dr. Samuel S. large drinker, he should be allowed but a moderate Mitchell, and that no less eminent physician, the quantity at once; but at all times, and in almost all late Dr. Miller. In announcing Dr. Ewell's intendcircumstances, it is proper to allow a horse water ed publication on Chemistry, the editors add:four times a day; which, instead of oppressing his "This gentleman has distinguished himself by stomach, or injuring his wind will facilitate diges some ingenious and learned performances. The tion, and materially conduce to the preservation of zeal and enterprise he displays in scientific pursuits, health, and the improvement of condition. I am give a pleasing earnest of what his country may aware of the prejudice that exists against this prac-hereafter expect from the application of his talents tice-that it is supposed to give a horse a large to professional objects, or any other by which pubbelly, and render him unfit for galloping any length lic good may be advanced"-New-York Medical of time without endangering his wind. I am also Repository, vol. 9, p 234, published in 1806. convinced, however, not only by my own experience, but by that of some experienced sportsmen Mix a thick batter as for pancakes, take half aalso, that, so far from injuring a horse in any one pint of milk, two eggs, a little salt, and make it into respect, it is extremely beneficial; and that when a a batter with flour; have ready a clean saucepan of horse is allowed to drink four or five times a day, water boiling, into which drop the batter. Be sure he is not inclined to drink much, and often does not the water boils fast, and two or three minutes will drink so much in the twenty-four hours as one that boil them; then throw them into a sieve to drain the water away; then turn them into a dish, and stir a lump of fresh butter into them; eat them hot, and they are very good. The deep response, her voice had grown so weak IANTHE. RECIPE TO MAKE A NORFOLK DUMPLING. "Dr Thomas Ewell appears before the public at an early period of life, and therefore does not claim for his performance that maturity of execution, which a more deliberate exercise of his powers would undoubtedly confer. He is impelled by an ardour of enthusiasm, natural at his age, which every liberal mind will cherish and commend. Afis allowed to drink only twice a day, as much as he ter doing so much so well, in so short a time, and pleases. As the horse's allowance of oats is increas-under the pressure of other pursuits, it would be ed. so should his exercise be, and if this be properly unjust to require perfection. We warmly recommanaged, there will be no absolute necessity for mend his work to the perusal and patronage of the |