AGRICULTURAL AXIOMS.

have to them is, the irregular motion. Where fuel
is as cheap as a dollar per cord for wood, I would
In no department is Bacon's celebrated maxim
prefer a steam engine to water-power; and if an ex-
more true, "knowledge is power," than in regard
pensive dam and race are to be encountered, I be
to agriculture. Hence no farmer can be accounted
lieve the steam engine would cost less. The horse skilful in his profession, who does not avail himself
mill would be equally profitable as one driven by of the information to be derived from the experi-
water, except the cost of keep, and depreciation of
ence of others of husbandry, by the perusal of the
the horse. The wood to work an engine to drive ablest books which have been written on the subject.
1000 spindles, about two cords every fourteen hours It is absurd to imagine that the communication of
would be required. A tub-wheel would drive the
machinery as well as any other;-a cotton factory knowledge by printing, which has promoted the ad-
should never stop for want of power; a great loss vancement of every other art, should be of no use
Endeavour to raise good grain, for it will always
sell, even in years of plenty, whereas it is only in
dear and scarce seasons that there is demand for
grain of an inferior quality.

accrues, where the hands are hired by the month or year, and the machinery receives more injury from being idle, than at work. Yours, &c.

MR. SKINNER,

THOMAS MASSEY.

in agriculture.

Let your stock of cattle, horses, &c., be of the best sort, and more remarkable for strength than fashion.

Newbern, 5th Dec. 1827. Sir,-A gentleman, Mr. Thomas Massey, who has written some communications for your paper on the Be not above your profession, and always consisubject of manufacturing, having drawn my attender it as the first that any man can follow. tion to the subject, I shall be much obliged to him to give answers to the following questions:

1. Can machinery, for manufacturing cloth, be advantageously moved by horse power?

2. If it can, what number of horses will be necessary to work one hundred spindles?

3. Can machinery, calculated to make a mixed cloth of cotton and wool, be used to make each kind of cloth separately?

4. If so, what should be the proportions of the cotton and woollen parts thereof?

Admit no guests into your house who cannot live upon the productions of his own country.

No farmer ought to undertake to cultivate more land than he can stock and manage to advantage It is better to till twenty acres well, than one hundred in a slovenly manner.

A man's sowing a large farm is no excuse for him. What he cannot improve he need not undertake to cultivate. Most of our lands in New-England, if left alone will be profitable with no more labour than is necessary to keep them clear of the bushes. But land for what, by good cultivation, may be obtained from five acres, is the quintessence of bad husbandry.

HORTICULTURE.

STRAWBERRIES.

Linnæan Botanic Garden, mor, New York,

J. S. SKINNER, ESQ.
4, 1827.
Sir,-So many inquiries have been addressed to
me on the subject of the different varieties of straw-
berries, of which a descriptive list was a short time
since published in the American Farmer, that you
would oblige me by stating, that plants can at pre-
sent be supplied of the 27 varieties first enumerated
in that list, and as soon as the three other kinds can
be supplied, it will be publicly announced. The
collection of Strawberries which will be offered to
the public in the course of the ensuing year, will
exceed fifty varieties, and will include all those kinds
which have recently been brought into notice in
England and France, and which have received the
highest encomiums from the most intelligent horti-
culturists of those countries.
Yours, most respectfully,

WM. PRINCE.

Extracted from "Prince's Treatise on Horticulture."

Chinese Ailanthus.-This splendid tree, whose rapid growth and pinnated leaves are frequently of the length of three and a half to four feet, is greatly admired. It was introduced from one of the London nurseries by the author, under the name of Tanner's Sumach, and the error remained uncorrected for a number of years. It is now becoming of the most beautiful trees when at maturity, and withstands the severest cold. In Rhode island, there are a great number which are several feet in where it is frequently called Tallow, or Tillou tree, circumference.

5. Will the same loom answer to weave either to run over twenty acres of ploughland or mowing extensively planted for ornament, as it forms one

cotton or wool, indiscriminately?

6. What loom will be most profitable for coarse cloths, the fly-shuttle or the power loom?

7. What is the difference of their cost? 8. What sized house, and the kind of house will answer for 100 spindles?

9. Would the town, or the country, answer best for the location of a manufactory of cloth?

10. How would a person, unacquainted with the subject, designate, or be able to select, the proper sort, or sizes, of spindles, carding machines and looms, to make coarse cloths, for negro clothing?

11. Will the machinery for making cotton bagging of cotton, answer for the making of negro cloth?

12. If any other information on this subject, it will be gladly received.

MR. SKINNER,

INQUIRIES.

GEO. WILSON.

South Carolina, 14th Nov. 1827.

Permit me, through the medium of your useful paper, to ask a few questions, which, I hope, some of your numerous readers will be good enough to answer. Having lately received from the North, a few field seeds, of different kinds, the time and manner of sowing which I am unacquainted withI would therefore ask,

1st. What is the best time for sowing the white

flint wheat?

A large farm without skill, capital and industry,
It is like what somebody
is a plague to its owner.
said of self-righteousness-the more you have of it
the worse you are off.

Be not afraid to try experiments; but let them
be on a small scale at first, and few at a time.

nue.

A CURIOSITY.

It was there supposed, for some time, to have been brought from South America, but latterly, its introduction has been traced direct

from China. As few trees are calculated to make as fine an appearance in so short a period of time, it is particularly suitable for purposes where trees are required to promptly form an ornament.

stand the winters of Long island. Four of these are seven species and varieties, all of which withCalycanthus, or Alspice tree.-Of this tree there are natives of the United States, viz. the glaucus,

William Stuyvesant, Esq. has just called to show
The New York American of the 24th ult. says,
us some rye grain, dug up yesterday in a piece of
ground belonging to the Stuyvesant estate, near floridus, pensylvanicus, and lævigatus. These vary
English-street, upon the east side of the first ave-in the colour of their flowers, the form of their fo-
This grain was found five feet under the sur- liage, and in possessing, to a greater or less degree,
face, and in a layer of about two inches deep. It is a delightful strawberry-like fragrance, both in the
black and apparently charred, although it had un- flowers, and in the bark and leaves. The three
dergone the action of fire, still the form of the others are from China, viz. the præcox var. lutea, or
grain is entire.
According to the tradition and re- Yellow Flowering; the var. albo, or White Flower-
cords of the family, there never was a house upon, ing; and the grandiflorus, with larger flowers. These
or contiguous to the spot where the rye was found. also possess a delightful fragrance, and their flowers

A potato, raised on the hills of Crooked run, this county, during the present season, weighed 2 lbs. 6 oz., and six others weighed 9 lbs. 12 oz. pippin, which grew in the orchard of Major Seth Mason, near White Post, weighed 17 ounces; and five other apples, gathered at once, weighed 73 oz. [Winchester (Va.) Rep.

MAXIM.-People never speak ill of themselves, except when they believe that they shall be contradicted.

are of very curious structure.

Fir trees-In this class of ornamental trees, those most esteemed are the Balsam Fir, or Balm of Gilead Fir, a native of this country; the European Silver Fir, somewhat resembling the foregoing; the Red Spruce, Black Spruce, Hemlock Spruce, Scotch Fir, Pineaster, or Cluster Pine, and the Stone, or Eatable Fruited Pine of Italy-but none is superior in point of ornament to the Norway Spruce, which has also the advantage of growing on poor soils, and of supporting the severest blasts of winter in any clime.

Yew. Of this there are three species usually cultivated, the Taxus baccata, or English Yew, used very generally in England as an appendage to their burying grounds, on account of its dark green foliage and sombre appearance. This is certainly one of those shrubs which impart a great deal of beauty to a varied shrubbery, by its uncommon dark green and very dense foliage. The American Yew is of much humbler growth, seldom rising over three feet in height. The Irish Yew much resem

Wilmington, (N. C.) Dec. 5th, 1827. I have reason to doubt the correctness of Mr Prince's history of the Isabella Grape; and although it may not be a matter of much importance, yet it is, at least as well, that the history of such matters should be perfectly correct.

Brook to Liverpool, the time is uncertain, being clears around a man, and leaves him room and free-
dependant on the wind and tide. By way of Wol-dom. I have known several parents, both fathers
verhampton, on the Birmingham, Stafford and and mothers, whose management of their families
Worcester, and Grand Turk Canals, the distance has answered this description, and has displayed a
to Preston Brook is 97 miles, and the Fly-boats striking example of the facile complacency with
perform it in 47 hours. The heavy boats average which a number of persons, of different ages and
from three to four days from Birmingham to Pres- dispositions, will yield to the decisions of a firm
ton Brook. The prospectus of the Rail-road com- mind acting on an equitable and enlightened system."*
pany professed that they should be able to carry, But while we do justice to this great and most ef
by day and night, at all times in the year, in periods fectual quality, it must never be forgotten that deci-
of frost or of drought, at the rate of at least eight sion, when untempered by affection, and unpoised
miles an hour, and at an expense less by one third, by a wise, considerate, generous estimate of the
probably by one half, than the sum paid for freight rights of others, too quickly degenerates into stern-
by the canals.
ness and severity.

And is not authority often converted into an instrument of evil rather than of good, by being exerted for self-gratification, from temper, from impulse, and sometimes from that love of rule which closely borders upon tyranny?

What is more common, too, than a frequent, weak, irritating exercise of power which teases the child, and frets his temper, while it rarely commands his obedience?

This project was abandoned probably from the difficulty of obtaining the act of parliament, authorising it. That for the road to Manchester has I am aware the grape was first carried to Long been, for more than a year, in the process of conisland by the lady named, but I was informed it was struction, and notwithstanding the necessity of carried from this place, and was a French grape, seeking an access to the heart of the city of Liverwell known and common in this country, called the pool by means of a tunnel, passing directly under Laspeyre grape, from the name of the gentleman it, below the bottom of the wells, which makes the who first imported it here. I am the more inclined work laborious and expensive, it is expected that to this belief, from having seen the vine growing on it will be finished at the end of another year. Long island, in the garden formerly Mr. Gibb's, when bearing. The grapes were not ripe, but had precisely the appearance of the grape I speak of. Mr Laspeyre, a French gentleman, well skilled in vines, &c., calls it the large Muscatelle grape. The doubt could easily be solved by Mr. Gibb's (From Hints for the Improvement of early Education, on." statement from what place the grape was carried to Long island. A CONSTANT READER.

INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT.

LADIES' DEPARTMENT.

and Nursery Discipline.) AUTHORITY AND OBEDIENCE.

The absolute necessity of executing these threats has already been remarked.

When the child sees his attendant rise to do it, he will, very often, then relent, and then submit, promising to repeat his offence no more; but this should make no difference; it would be merely adding to future trouble, and to future disobedience. Our word once passed, must not be broken.

A nurse forbids a child to meddle with the pen and ink with which he is playing, but he goes on as if deaf to her voice. She repeats her prohibition, in a louder and more peevish tone, "Don't do so, I will tell your papa, I shall punish you if you go The child obeys, perhaps, for a minute, but having often heard the like threats, and as rarely found them executed, he soon creeps to the table and again lays hold of the forbidden objects. All who are engaged in bringing up children The nurse complains how unmanageable are her must, necessarily, possess a certain share of autho-children, little supposing that she herself is the cause! rity or power over them. This power, being the She should, in the first instance, with kindness chief instrument in education, it is to the judicious and decision, have told the child that she forbad his LIVERPOOL, MANCHESTER AND BIRMINGHAM RAIL-use which is made of it, that many of the prevalent playing with ink and pens, and therefore that it ROADS. defects among children are to be ascribed. On the must not be done. Should more be necessary, let We lately received from a friend, a pamphlet, one hand, we may observe self-indulgence, insubor- her add that, in case of his once again transgrespublished two years ago, setting forth the claims of dination, and disobedience: on the other, a broken sing, she shall be obliged to send him out of the the subscribers to the Liverpool and Birmingham and depressed spirit, one of the most serious and room, or to take him to his papa. Rail-road to an act of Parliament, in reply to the least curable evils which ill-management, on the opposition of the Canal companies; accompanied part of those who govern, can occasion. The forby a map, showing the route of this Rail-road, and mer, arising from a weak, indecisive, and irregular also of that from Liverpool to Manchester. Since exercise of authority; the latter, from coldness and that date, the plan of the first mentioned road has severity. been given up by the subscribers, with the excep- It is our business to steer as clear as possible betion of that part of the route, which is between tween these opposite evils-bearing in mind that it Birmingham and Wolverhampton-a distance of is essential to the welfare of children to know how fourteen miles only. The principal opposition to to obey, to submit their wills, and to bear a denial; Also, if a child be fretting, or crying, it will little this Rail-road came from the proprietors of canals, while, at the same time, their minds should be left avail to say that he is naughty, and to order him, who enjoy a monopoly of the heavy carriage. free and vigorous, open to every innocent enjoyment many times, to be still. Rather let him be told One of these canals, the original cost of which and unfettered by the thraldom of fear. We shall that, if in five minutes, (for we should allow him was 140l. a share, has advanced to 3,2001. a share, best unite these important advantages by an autho- time to recover himself,) he is not perfectly quiet, and paid in some years an annual dividend of rity, firm but affectionate, equally free from peevish- he must be removed from the table, or sent into the Another, which cost 200l. a share, has ad-ness, ill temper, and an excess of indulgence; regu- next room. vanced to 4,600l., having paid an annual dividend lar and consistent, never unnecessarily called into In such cases, it is of comparatively little use to of 160l. Another canal has advanced from 100l. a action, but always with effect; exercised with a sim-threaten punishment, generally-we should always share to 1340l. and another from 1401 to 960l. ple view to the good of those under our care, ac-state the particular privation which we mean to The pamphlet, in setting forth the advantages of cording to the dictates of judgment, and from the impose. the Rail-road over the canals, for transportation, principle of love; for the reproofs, corrections and It is the result of experience, that authority is to represents that the distance would be one-fourth restraints which are necessarily imposed upon ehil- be established, rather by actions than words. What shorter, being reduced to 86 miles; that it would dren, should spring from love, as well as the en-is vulgarly called scolding, is altogether unnecescarry, at a lower freight, that by canal being from couragements and indulgencies which we bestow sary; the government of the tongue is therefore es30s. to 50s. per ton; and that the transportation upon them. would be more rapid, so that meat, butter, and other articles might be conveyed to market, which cannot be carried by the canals. It states also the frequent obstruction of the canals by frost, and for repairs, and gives a number of tables to show the frequency of these obstructions. The delay for repairs is considerably more than would be supposed; that occasioned by frost is less than it would be in this country.

1402.

When most severe, and must'ring all its force,
"Such authority, in shew,
Is but the graver countenance of love;
Whose favour, like the clouds of spring, may low'r,
And utter, now and then, an awful voice,
But has a blessing in its darkest frown,
Threat'ning, at once, and nourishing the plant."

sential to those engaged in the business of educa tion. In mind and action we should be firm; in manner, mild and quiet. It is a common mistake to talk too much, to make too much noise, in managing children. A multiplicity of words-complaints; encouragements; rebukes; threats; but nothing done, nothing effected, when, probably, one decided action would have accomplished the object pro-without further trouble. (To be concluded in our next.)

Authority thus guarded, combining in right portion, decision and mildness, will produce, in the subjects of it, an invaluable union of happy freedom and ready obedience.

The distance from Birmingham to Liverpool, by the way of Fazeley, on the Birmingham, Coventry, A fine woman ought to add annually to her acand Grand Trunk Canals, is 115 miles. From Decision of character is essential to success in complishments, as much as her beauty loses in the Birmingham to Preston Brook is 93 miles, and the the business of education. "Weakness, in every time. Fly-boats pass this part of the route in 44 hours--form, tempts arrogance: when a firm, decisive spirit little more than two miles an hour. From Preston is recognised, it is curious to see how the space

* Foster's Essay on Decision of Character.

SPORTING OLIO.

PEDIGREES OF VALUABLE HORSES. (Continued from p. 279.)

MR. SKINNER,

Raleigh, N. C., Dec. 1, 1827.

tizen came in dead heat first, and first the second
and third heats, beating Benedick and Sunflower.
Litchfield, Sept. 16.-501. four mile heats, Citizen
fourth the first heat, first the second and third heats,
beating Harlot, (aged,) Florizel, (six years old,) and
Merry-Andrew, (aged.)

I have to request you to publish under the head Shrewsbury, Sept. 21.-50l. four mile heats, Citiof "Sporting Olio," the following account of the zen third the first heat, and first the second and justly celebrated horse Citizen. He got much va-third heats, beating Evergreen, Labourer, Doubtful, luable stock in Virginia, and became the sire of Pa-Julia and Charlotte. colet, trained by Wm. R. Johnson, and proved a Ludlow, Sept. 29.-50l, four mile heats. Citizen first rate race horse; was purchased by General carrying 121 lbs. beating Mr. Ladd's b. c. by HighJackson, carried to Tennessee, and there propagat-flyer, four years old. ed a stock excelled by none. Among the number His performances in Sept. 1790, as given above, may be placed Monsieur Tonson, who very much are astonishing. 14th, he ran two heats of 3 miles; resembles his grandsire, Old Citizen, in colour and 16th, three heats of four miles; 21st, three heats of form. I much approve of your plan of devoting a four miles; 29th, two heats of four miles-making portion of your paper to giving an account of the in the whole 38 miles in fifteen days, and that at valuable blood stock of our country; for we must three different race fields; which is unequalled in be always indebted to them for our best saddle, har- the annals of the turf. ness and cavalry horses. I speak from experience, knowing the value of the turf stock in imparting to the common cold blood, wind and foot, and light, springy action. I acknowledge my obligations to "F," for the information he has afforded me under this head, and would thank him for the pedigrees of Tippoo Saib and Brimmer.

The celebrated English Stallion
CITIZEN,

Conway, August 23, 1791.-His R. H. the Prince of Wales' plate of 100 guineas, Citizen carrying 126 lbs., first each heat, beating Duchess. Manchester, June 1, 1792.-50l. four mile heats, Citizen seven years old, 126 lbs.; third the first heat, first the second and third, beating Young Cicero

and Harlot.

Newcastle, July 5.-501. four mile heats, Citizen aged, 129 lbs., first each heat, beating Gillflower. Knutsford, August 2-501. four mile heats, Citizen aged, 126 lbs., fourth the first heat, and first the second and third heats, beating Bergamot, Telescope, Lizard, and Mousetrap

Chesterfield, August 30.-50l., twice round the course, Citizen 129 lbs., first each heat, beating Lord Belfast's Magnolia.

Doncaster, Sept. 15.-Citizen, 129 lbs., beat Lord Belfast's Magnolia, 124 lbs., four mile heats, for 500 guineas.

ably to their ages and qualifications, he observes,
"Hambletonian and Citizen are at this day the fa-
vourite horses in England, and the prices for their
fillies, supposed to be the same as those above men-
tioned." London, 1st July, 1797.
Signed,
EVAN BOWEN.

PEDIGREE.

The bay horse Citizen was got by Pacolet, his dam Princess by Turk; Fairy Queen by Young Cade; Routhe's Black eyes by Crab; Warlocke Galloway by Snake; Bald Galloway; Curwen's bay Barb, &c. Pacolet by Blank (a son of the Godolphin,) his dam Whiteneck by Crab; Godolphin Arabian; Conyers' Arabian; Curwen's bay Barb; Marshall's Spot; Lowther Barb; Old Vintner mare.

These are sufficient to prove to the satisfaction of every person conversant with the turf, that Citizen, as a racer, was inferior to no horse in England, Hambletonian excepted; and as a foal getter, he has fully established himself in England, being the sire of Dapple, Nautilus, Hotspur, Tummos, Little Citizen, and many others who have run with success against the best horses in that country. All which, unquestionably goes to prove, that Citizen came to this country as well recommended as a blood stallion, racer, and foal getter, as any horse ever did. STEPHEN W. CARNEY.

Halifax county, N. C., May 10, 1804.

TIGER HUNT.

Lately from England, in the ship Gosport, Capt.
Chamberlin. He was landed at Portsmouth, in Vir-
A letter from Nagpore adverts to a Tiger Hunt,
ginia, on 26th of September last, in fine health and
which took place in that neighbourhood on the 27th
condition. Citizen is a most beautiful animal, stands
of February, when a small party of gentlemen,
five feet one inch high, has great grandeur and sub
mounted on elephants, succeeded in killing a large,
stance, is a rich brown bay, with black legs; full of
tall, and ferocious Tiger. His length was ten feet
bone, perfectly sound, and has remarkably good
two inches, which, we believe, is rather common.
action; descended from the best stock of horses in
Manchester, May 20, 1793.-A sweepstake, four His height, however, was more extraordinary, being
England, as will fully appear from his pedigree be-mile heats, 13 subscribers, Citizen eight years old, four feet two inches; and the circumference of what
low; and was well known on the turf, having won 126 lbs., third the first beat, and first the second and our correspondent calls his fore-arm, was two feet
nineteen different races, and the most of them four third, beating Roseland, Mendoza, Microscope, Bus- and a half inch, and stout throughout. The mons-
mile heats-beating the best horses in England, to tard, Cavendish and Mayfly.
ter had killed a bullock on the 26th, but his depre-
wit: Mendoza, Bustard, Regulus, Roseland, Caven- Oxford, Aug. 22.-501., three mile heats, Citizendations were destined soon to be terminated. When
dish, Mayfly, and many other capital racers. Men-aged, first each heat, beating Accus and Master of he found the game was up, he showed much pluck,
doza beat the Duke of Bedford's Grey Diomed and Arts.
and charged in such desperate style, that he had
Dragon. (See the Racing Calendar for the year Manchester, June 9, 1794.-A sweepstake of 20 nearly annihilated the mahout of one of the ele-
1792, p. 128 and 139.) The same year Bustard guineas each, to which was added 50 guineas for phants, but luckily did no more mischief than leav-
beat Lord Grosvenor's Cayenne, and His Royal all ages, four mile heats, 6 subscribers, Citizen nine ing the marks of his claws deeply indented high
Highness the Prince of Wales' Whiskey, the Duke years old, first each heat, beating Lord Stamford's upon both sides of the elephant's head Although
of York's Spankaway, and several other fine horses. b. c. Weazel, four years old.
he received several shots, which knocked him down
repeatedly, he charged several times before he re-
ceived the coup de grace. While on the subject of
Tigers, we may as well mention a circumstance
which happened at Amherst island, which shows
that nil desperandum is a good rule in the most
desperate circumstances. A Tiger breaking into a
shed in which a colt and pony were sheltered, killed
the former. The pony then attacked the Tiger, and
head and ribs, that he knocked out some of the
pummelled him so heartily with his heels about the
monster's teeth, and all his courage, for he had just
strength enough to crawl to a nullah hard by, where
he was found by the natives shortly afterwards, and
he appeared so much bruised that he could hardly
move. They accordingly fell upon and killed him
with bludgeons. Previous to this, five horses had
been killed near the same spot. [India Gazette.

(see p. 9 and 34.) Regulus was a most capital In order to give the public every information in
racer, having won seventeen races out of twenty-my power of Citizen's superiority as a foal getter,
one, and the most of them four mile heats-he was
got by Young Morwicke out of Citizen's dam.

Performances.

as well as a racer, I have thought proper to insert a paragraph from Wm. Barksdale's letter, (the gentleman who purchased Citizen for me,) and also another from Capt. Evan Bowen to Col. Hamilton, Citizen first made his appearance on the turf in dated London, 1st July, 1797, which plainly shows 1789, at Beverley, June 3d, then four yearsold. He that Citizen was a favourite, and ranked with Hamwon the Ladies' plate of 50l. two mile heats, carry-bletonian, the most favourite horse that ever appear ing 112 lbs. beating Nightingale, four years old.

Chesterfield, Sept. 3.-50l. for all ages, heats twice round the course; Citizen (four years old,) first the first heat, dead heat the second, and first the third heat, beating Dorinda, Florizel, Vision, Shaver, and Thistle.

Leicester, Sept. 16.-50l. for all ages, two mile heats, Citizen four years old, 118 lbs.; first each heat, beating Vision, Scugg and Tenderling.

Same place, next day, 50%. four mile heats, bay horse Citizen, carrying 98 lbs., first cach heat, beating Dorinda and Light Dragon.

Manchester, May, 1790.-50l. four mile heats, Citizen 5 years old; fourth first heat, first the second and the third heats, beating Abbe Thule, (four year old,) Spangle and Attraction.

Newcastle, June 30.-501. four mile heats, Citizen first each heat, beating Amadis.

Broomsgrove, July 22.-501. four mile heats, Ci

ed on the British turf.

From Wm. Barksdale's letter, London, Aug. 5, 1803.
"After a long trial, I have succeeded to get you
one of the horses on your list, called Citizen, 18
years old. He is a most beautiful animal; his stock
is running with very great success, and there are
four of his colts that have won at different places
this spring. He has covered 150 mares in Derby-
shire this spring, and is esteemed one of the surest
foal getters. There is no horse in England getting
better stock, Sir Peter excepted."

CONTAGIOUS GLANDERS IN HORSES.

It is said that Mr. Lewel, the very able Assistant Paragraph of a letter from Evan Bowen, of Lon- Professor of the Veterinary College, (England,) don, to Col. Hamilton, of Norfolk, respecting the and celebrated Meunotonist, has been so fortunate price of full bred fillies in England, got by Trum- as to discover a remedy for the above mentioned pator, Dungannon, Skyscraper, Woodpecker, An- malady, hitherto considered incurable. It is Sulvil, Diomed, Rockingham, &c. which were the hors-phate of Copper, (blue vitriol,) given in bolus or es on the list sent out to get a filly from. After balls, in doses of from one to two ounces daily, for making a statement of the different prices, agree; several weeks. [Philosophical Magazine.

L

MISCELLANEOUS.

(From the Independent Public Ledger.)

INSTRUCTIVE TALE.-We have seldom heard of

THE FARMER.

BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 14, 1827.

ITS ACCOMPANYING

what is perhaps generally known. Where times and means have not been adequate to the completion of contemplated publick works, information has been acquired and plans have been prepared in regard to them, which make plain the mode and the cost of a tale of human life more instructive than that we their execution hereafter, and justify the appropriare about to relate. We heard the substance of it PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE AND ate declaration of the President, that they "inay be DOCUMENTS. related by a friend, and have taken the liberty to considered rather as treasures laid up from the conthrow it into the present shape and lay it before our [The Reports from the heads of the several De-tributions of the present age, for the benefit of posreaders. It is a fine illustration of what Franklin partments, appear to present very satisfactory views terity, than as unrequited applications of the accruso much insisted on, that industry and temperance of each branch of the publick service; in some of ing revenues of the nation." are almost certain to lead to independence and com-them, however, there is little which has any direct In reference to the general state of the army, we bearing upon the topicks for the elucidation of may be permitted to insert the following comprewhich this paper was established, and to which it hensive and flattering expressions of the Secretary has rigidly adhered. Such parts, however, of these of War, in his report to the President:] documents as have direct reference to agriculture and internal improvements, our duty to our patrons requires that we should record.

LIVE OAK TIMBER.-Under the second section of the "act for the gradual improvement of the Navy," passed at the last session, contracts have been made for the frames of five ships of the line, five frigates, and five sloops of war.

I renew, with pleasure, an expression of my entire satisfaction at the condition of the Army, both as to its moral and military character. To its good discipline generally, the most ample testimony is borne, and particularly by Major General Brown, who, during the present year, made a tour of inspection through three of the great sections of the Union. The two schools of practice, Fortress Monroe and Jefferson Barracks, will be great auxiliaries in promoting its perfection. For the benefit of the former, I again renew a recommendation for the purchase of horses, contained in former reports, and for the reasons therein presented. The fiscal administration of the Army continues to be entitled to the highest commendation, both as to its economy and punctuality.

Report of the Postmaster General—accompanying
the President's Message.

Post Office Department, November 13th, 1827.
Sir,-The Receipts of this Department for the
year ending 1st July last, amounted
During the same period the expendi-

to

tures were

$1,473,551 00

1,373,239 00

$100,312 00 Leaving one hundred thousand three hundred and twelve dollars, surplus of receipts.

fort. Thomas P, at the age of 18, was, by the death of his master, turned loose upon the world to gain a livelihood as a shoemaker. He shouldered his kit and went from house to house making the farmer's leather, or mending his children's shoes. At length a good old man, pleased with Tom's in- The Report of the Postmaster General is so short dustry and steady habits; offered him a small build- and so pregnant, the operations of his department ing as a shop. Here Tom applied himself to work are so essential to all sorts of improvement and so with persevering industry and untiring ardour. Ear-interwoven with every one's business and feelings, lier than the sun he was whistling over his work, that we feel justified in publishing that, in extenso. and his hammer-song was often heard until the The Secretary of the Navy presents a very am"noon of night." He thus gained a good reputa-ple and detailed view of the state of that service. tion, and some of this world's goods. He soon mar- The passages which fall within the scope of our deried a virtuous female-one whose kind disposition sign, are the following:] added new joys to his existence, and whose busy neatness rendered pleasant and comfortable their little tenement. The time passed smoothly onthey were blessed with the smiling pledges of their affection, and in a few years Tom was the possessor of a neat little cottage and a piece of land. This Under the authority vested in the Executive, rethey handsomely improved; and it was evidently the servations of land have been made in Louisiana abode of plenty and felicity. But now Tom began and Alabama, and of a tract adjoining the Navy to relax from his strict habits, and would occasion-Yard a Pensacola. Orders have been given to the ally walk down to a tavern in the neighbourhood. Commandant of the Yard to plant live oak on the This soon became a habit-and the habit impercep- latter. An examination of the coasts of South tibly grew upon him, until, to the grief of all who Carolina, Georgia and Florida, as far south as Musknew him, he became a constant lounger about the quito Inlet, has made made, with a view to the purtavern and extremely dissipated. The inevitable chase and reservation of land having timber upon consequence soon followed: he got into debt, and it. Much less was found than had previously been his creditors soon stripped him of all he had. His hoped for. Orders have also been given, and are poor wife used all the arts of persuasion to reclaim in a course of execution, for the examination of the him; and she could not think of using him harshly, western coast of Florida. It is manifest from the for she loved him even in his degradation, and he information already obtained, that we shall be oblihad always been kind to her. Many an earnest pe-ged to plant extensive tracts of land with the live tition did she proffer to heaven for his reformation, oaks, or that we shall, after a few years, be depriand often did she endeavour to work upon his paved of this most valuable timber for the uses of the rental feeling. He often promised to reform, and Navy. was at last induced to stay from the tavern three IMPORTATION OF ANIMALS, SEEDS, PLANTS, &c.- If to the above sums there be added the amount days together; and his solicitous companion began It has been customary with the Department, for of the reduction of expenditures, upon established to cherish hope of returning happiness. But he two or three years past, to direct the attention of routes, without lessening the public accommodacould endure it no longer-"Betsey," said he, as he our commanding officers abroad to the propriety of tion, and due allowance be made for increased serarose from his work, "give me that decanter." adding something to the agricultural, while they were vices, at a rate of compensation below what had These words pierced her heart-and seemed to protecting the commercial interest of the nation, by usually been paid, the condition of the Department sound the knell of all her cherished hopes; but she procuring information respecting valuable animals, will be found to have been improved, within four could not disobey him. He went to the tavern, and seeds and plants, and importing such as they could years ending first July last, more than a million of after some persuasion, he induced the landlord to conveniently, without inattention to their more ap- dollars; and the last year, in comparison with the fill the decanter: he returned and placed it in the propriate duties. Very few of them have returned year preceding first July, 1823, near half a million. window immediately before him, "for," said he, without some valuable importations of the kind. "I can face my enemy." With a resolution fixed More precise and detailed instructions have, under upon overcoming his pernicious habits, he went your directions, and in connection with the Trea earnestly to work-always having the decanter be-sury Department, been prepared, and will hereafter fore him, but never touched it. Again he began be given to each officer who commands a vessel in to thrive and in a few years he was once more the commission. The most beneficial results are antiowner of his former delightful residence. His children grew up, and are now respectable members of society. Old age came upon Tom, but he always kept the decanter in the window where he first put it; and often, when his head was silvered over with age, be would refer to his decanter and laugh heartily at its singular effect; and he never permitted it to be removed from that window while he lived, nor was it until he had been consigned to his narrow home.

When we are young, we enjoy the pleasures of youth, and never think that those pleasures may bring on the mortifications of age.

cipated from this course, and will certainly be pro-
duced, so far as they are practicable by the indivi-
dual exertions of the officers, there being no appro-
priation out of which any money can be taken for
this desirable object.

The receipts of the last year exceeded those of the four preceding years, the sums stated, viz:

$85,134 18

1826,

1825,

221,489 68

Within the last year an augmented transportation of the mail has been authorised, of four hundred and fifteen thousand two hundred and fourteen miles, annually, in stages, and on horseback or in sulkies, five hundred thousand and thirty-two miles.

Under the contracts recently made, great additional facilities have been given, by accelerating the mail on leading routes, increasing the number of trips, and establishing lines which connect important districts of country. There are few towns or villages in the Union which are not accommodated with mail stages.

The post offices have increased to seven thousand.

[WAR DEPARTMENT.-In our next, if we cannot
find room in this number, we shall give, so far as
they relate to roads and canals, a list of the objects
on which the Board of Internal Improvements has In the last four years there has been added to the
been occupied during the past year, when the sug mail operations of the country, in revenue, trans-
gestion will be confirmed, which we have before portation of the mail, and post offices, more than
made, that the labours of the Engineer Department one third. The means of the Department are now
are of an elegant and scientific character and of a ample to meet the reasonable wants of the country,
practical value and national importance, far beyond and a vigilant administration of its affairs, for a few

years to come, will place at the disposition of the government, an annual surplus of more than half a million of dollars. This sum will be augmented as facilities of mail intercourse are multiplied, and can be most advantageously applied, if deemed within the constitutional powers of Congress, in the establishment and repairs of mail roads.

By the last annual statement, there was shown to be in deposit, and due from postmasters, including judgments obtained on old accounts,

the sum of To this sum may be added the surplus of last year,

$270,321 87 100,312 00 $370,633 87 The repairs lately anthorised to be made on the mail roads from Columbus to Doaks, in the state of Mississippi, and from Fort Mitchell to Line Creek, in Alabama, are nearly completed, under contracts, which require the work to be done in the best manner and at a price that cannot fail to meet the pub lick approbation.

I have the honour to be, with great respect, your obedient servant, JOHN M'LEAN.

CONGRESS.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Dec. 10.-The fol-
lowing were announced as the Standing Committees
of the House, appointed by the Speaker pursuant
to the order of Thursday last.

Of Elections; Messrs. Sloane, Anderson, Alston,
Tucker, of S. C. Claiborne, Phelps, Stower,

Of Ways and Means; Messrs. Randolph, McDuf
fie, Sprague, Verplanck, Dwight. Brent, Gilmer.

Of Claims; Messrs. Williams, McCoy, Whittle-
sey, Barber, of Con. Clarke, of N. Y. McIntyre,
Ramsay.
Of Commerce; Messrs. Cambreling, Newton,
Thompson, of Geo. Gorham, Barney, Harvey,
Sutherland.

Weighing 4,000 pounds, probably the largest in the Ing-Fountain of the Centre Market. world, is now exhibiting in Harrison street, near the

Of Public Lands, Messrs. Isacks, Vinton, Whip
ple, Jennings, Haile, Duncan, Davis.
On the Post Office and Post Roads; Messrs.
ham, McKean, Yancey, Connor, Magee, Hodges,
Russell.

of Va.

On the District of Columbia; Messrs. Alexander,
Ingersoll, Bryan, Weems, Kremer, Varnum, Allen,
On the Judiciary; Messrs. P. P. Barbour, Liv-
ingstone, Buchanan, Rives, Wickliffe, Kerr, Storrs.
On Revolutionary Claims; Messrs. Wolf, Hunt,
Creighton, Dickinson, Tucker, of N. J. Fry, Healy.
On Public Expenditures; Messrs. Johnson, of N
J. S. Barbour, Bailey, Martindale, Buck, Gale,
Nuck.lls.

IN SENATE, Dec. 10.--This being the day appoint-Y. ed for the election of the Standing Committees, the Senate proceeded to ballot for the Chairman and members of each in rotation, when the following appointments were made:

Committee on Foreign Relations; Mr. Macon, chairman; Messrs. Sanford, Bell, Tazewell, and White.

Committee on Finance; Mr. Smith, of Maryland, chairman; Messrs. McLane, Smith, of S. C., Parris, and Branch.

Committee on Commerce; Mr. Woodbury, chairman; Messrs. Silsbee, McLane, Johnston, Lou., and Williams.

Committee on Manufactures; Mr. Dickerson, chairman; Messrs. Knight, Ridgely, Ruggles, and Barnard.

Committee on Agriculture; Mr. Branch, chairman; Messrs. Bateman, Willey, Bouligny, and Bar

nard.

Committee on Military Affairs; Mr. Harrison, chairman; Messrs Johnson, of Ky., Chandler, Barton, and Hendricks.

On Private Land Claims; Messrs. Buckner,
Moore, of Alabama, Armstrong, Earll, Shepperd,
Bates, of Missouri, Steregere.

On Manufactures; Messrs. Mallary, Stevenson, of
Pa. Condict, Moore, of Ky. Wright, of N. Y. Stans
berry, Martin.

On Indian Affairs; Messrs. McLean, McKee,
Carson, Daniel, Swan, Simpkin, Smith, of Indiana.
On Foreign Affairs; Messrs. Everett, Taylor, of
N. Y. Archer, Sergeant, Drayton, Owen, Polk.
On Military Affairs; Messrs. Hamilton, Vance,
Smyth, of Va. Desha, Floyd, of Georgia, Hobbie,
Orr.

This wonderful animal was bred in Greenland, N. H., is now seven years old; and, it is the opinion of good judges, that he has not arrived at his full size, but may be made to weigh 1,000 pounds more than at the present time. He has been viewed by more than 40,000 persons in Boston, New-York and Philadelphia; and is more admired for his symmetry of form and beautiful colour, than for his extraordinary size. All that have tion, and have pronounced this ox to be one of the viewed him have expressed their most perfect satisfacmost noble and extraordinary animals ever exhibited. His immense dimensions are given in the following measurement: Length from the nose to the rump eleven feet; height five feet ten inches; girth around the body, eleven feet six inches; shoulder to brisket, four feet six inches; horns from tip to tip, three feet three inches.

BALTIMORE PRICES CURRENT.

Reported for the American Farmer. 6.50-common crop, 3.00 a 3.75-Do. red, 3.75 a 4.50TOBACCO.--Seconds, $3.00 a 7 00-Serubs, 4 50 a good red, 4.50 a 5.00-Fine red, 5.50 a 8.00-Yellow and red, 7.00 a 10.00-Yellow do. 5.50 a 10.00-Fine yellow, 15.00 a 20.00-Virginia do. 3.50 a 7.00-Rappahannock, 3.50 a 4.00-Kentucky, 3.50 a 5.00 do. for wrapping, 6.00 a 7.00.

FLOUR-white wheat family, $5.75 a 6.00-superfine Howard-st 5.25-city mills, 4.75-Susquehanna, 4.75best, 1.00 a 1.10-red, .35 a 1.00--CORN, new .40 a .45 CORN MEAL, bbl: 2.62 a 2.874-GRAIN, white wheat,

On Naval Affairs; Messrs, Hoffman, Bartlett, Crowninshield, Carter, Miller, Dorsey, Ripley. On Agriculture; Messrs. Van Rensselaer, Roane, Wilson, of Md. Barlow, Hallock, Merwin, Culpeper. On the Territories; Messrs. Strong, Clark, of RYE, 56 a .58-OATS, 30-BEANS, .80 a 1.0-PEAS, Ky. Sawyer, Wright, of Ohio, Bruner, Lea, Coalter. .40 a 50-CLOVER seed, 4.75 a 5.50-TIMOTHY. 3.00On Military Pensions; Messrs Burgess, Mitchell, BARLEY, .75-FLAXSEED, 1.00-COTTON, Virginia, .84 a of Tenn., Bates, of Mass., Lawrence, Long, Le-.104-Louisiana, .11 a 13-Alabama, 10 a .11%-Missouri, 10 a.101-N. Carolina, .94 a.104-WOOL wash'd, -full do. .30 a .35-HEMP, Russia, per ton, $250 a 275 Country, dew-rotted, ton, 136 a 140-water-rotted, 170 a 19-FISH, Herrings, Susqueh. bbl. 3.12-MackeWHISKEY, in hhds. 1st proof, .25-in bbls. 26 a 27. rel, 4.25 a 5.75-BACON, hams, .10 a. 11-Feathers, .26

Committee on the Militia; Mr Chandler, chair-compte, Forward. man; Messrs. Harrison, McKinley, Marks, and Tyler. On Unfinished Business; Messrs. Pearce, Reed,.18 a.22-half blood, 26 a 28-three-quarter, .28 a .30 Committee on Naval Affairs; Mr Hayne, chair-Wilson, of Pa. man; Messrs. Robbins, Tazewell, Seymour, and Woodbury. The Senate then adjourned.

Dec. 11.--The Senate resumed the balloting for the Standing Committees, and the following Com mittees were chosen:

On Public Lands: Mr. Barton, chairman; Messrs. King, Ellis, Eaton, Kane.

On Accounts; Messrs. Allen, of Mass., Belden,
Plant.

On Expenditures in the Department of State;
Messrs. Blair, Letcher, Trezvant.

On Expenditures in the Department of the Trea-
sury; Messrs. Hall, Mitchell, of Pa., Barringer.
On Expenditures in the Department of War;

On Private Land Claims; Mr. Smith, of S. Caro-Messrs. Haynes, Woodcock, Turner
lina, chairman; Messrs. Berrien, McKinley, Kane,
Thomas.

On Indian Affairs; Mr Benton, chairman; Messrs. Foot, King, Cobb, White.

On Clains; Mr. Ruggles, chairman; Messrs. Bell, Cobb, Chase, Rowan.

On the Judiciary; Mr. Van Buren, chairman; Messrs. Seymour, Berrien, Rowan, Hayne.

On the Post Office and Post Roads; Mr. Johnson of Kentucky, chairman; Silsbee, Ellis, Johnson, of Lou, Tyler.

On Expenditures in the Department of the Navy;
Messrs. Little, Lyon, Keese.

On Expenditures in the Post Office; Messrs.
Holmes, Leffler, O'Brien.

On Expenditures on Public Buildings; Messrs.
Sprigg, John J. Wood, Swift.

LATEST FROM EUROPE.

A letter from our correspondent at Liverpool, dated evening of the 3d ult. says--The sales of cot On Pensions; Mr. Noble, chairman; Messrs Chase, ton to day have been extensive, about 3,500 bales, Marks, Cobb, Font. a large proportion of them Alabamas, at 54 to 5d, On the District of Columbia; Mr. Eaton, chair-and are understood to be at about 1-8th per pound man; Messrs. Bouligny, Chambers, Noble, Ridgely. under the prices obtained at the public sale yester On Contingent Expenses; Mr. Kane, chairman; day. Some ordinary Uplands sold at 54d; and good Messrs Hendricks, Chambers. fair ones at 64d. 500 bales have been taken on speculation. In other articles very little has been done." [New-York paper.

On Engrossed Bills; Mr. Marks, chairman; Messrs. Parris, Willy.

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

Fold Yards; On Meadow Lands, Close Feeding and ProOn Hay and Hay-houses, Pennsylvania Barns, and tecting the Soil; On Grass Lands, Clover, Sowing, &c.; Substitutes for Red Clover, Lucerne and Saintfoin; On the Cultivation and value of Rape, by John Hare Powel, Esq.-Address, delivered before the Agricultural Society for the counties of Loudoun, Fauquier, Prince William, and Fairfax, Virginia, by Thomas Marshall, Esq.

-On the Manufacture of Cotton in the Southern States, No. 11, Reply of Thomas Massey to Inquires; Inquiries -Agricultural Axioms-Scraps-Prince's Strawberries and Ornamental Trees--Isabella Grape--Liverpool, Manchester, and Birmingham Rail road-On the Education of Children, Authority and Obedience-Pedigree and Performances of the celebrated imported Stallion Citizen--Tiger Hunt-Cure for Glanders in HorsesInstructive Tale-Editorial, Extracts from the President's Message, and its accompanying Documents; Report of the Postmaster-General; Standing Committees in Congress-Advertisement-Prices Current. Printed every Friday, at Five Dollars per annum, for JOHN S. SKINNER. Editor, by JOHN D. Tox, corner of St. Paul and Market-sts.