LADIES' DEPARTMENT.

thee!"

(From the Philadelphia Album)

EMILY GEIGER,

walks through life erect, and steady to the dictates
of decorum and self-interest, without a slip or false
step.

But even this was no safety-the cry of coming foes still rung aloud, and he once more leaped the boundaries of Benham park, the hounds being well upon Inexorable to all helpless females, who, from the his scent. As a last resort, he betook himself to frailty of nature or perfidy of man, are observed to the noble extensive fish pond; the hounds (those totter, or even to stoop, in their progress, she insists still in wind) gallantly followed, endeavouring to that they should be forever excluded from the so- drive him out, but in vain.. Lord Craven, Honourciety of the upright; and if any person shows a disable Augustus Craven, and Grantley Berkeley, proposition to palliate their errors, this outline of chas perly attended, pursued in a boat, but their exertity quits, for a moment, the frail bird on whom she tions availed not. He was determined to tire them, has pounced, and turns her envenomed beak against or die game, though not on terra firma. After an those who are for showing the smallest degree of hour spent in useless exertion, one of the attendants mercy; and being freed, by nature, from any pro- threw a rope over his antlers, and forcing him pensity to one particular frailty, she indulges, with- ashore, we succeeded in taking this noble animal out bounds, in the gratification of envy, hatred, alive, and thus terminated a capital day's sport. slander, haughtiness, and other vices of the same class, for which, from her childhood, she has discovered a decided taste.

Although an English Countess sat for the above picture, many years ago, we believe that there is than one female, on this side the Atlantic, who would pass for the original. [N. Y. Mirror.

more

SPORTING OLIO.

"The bald faced stag" was, yesterday morning, conveyed to Grantly Berkeley's, and no doubt, from the favourable specimen now exhibited, the gentlemen of that hunt will wait his re-appearance with considerable interest.

The time of the chase was from three o'clock in the afternoon until nearly eight in the evening. Many of the hounds were quite knocked up, beat out of time, tune and track, so that some of them did not return to kennel until the following morning. Fortunately, the day was cool for the horses, or possibly there would have been "bellows to mend," if not worse signs of distress; as it was, the noblemen and gentlemen who followed, were greatly satisfied, though many were compelled to cry hold, enough."

It will not be mal-apropos to state, as a proof of the great breed of partridges this season, that, on the noble domain above alluded to, there have been, up to the 21st of September, eight hundred head shot, and an abundance yet to be seen, a covey, indeed, in almost every field. T. F.

HEROIC CONDUCT OF A YOUTH.

Though now thy frail body in death is reclining, Thy bright, spotless spirit with angels is shining; Thy mild spirit left thee as pure as it found thee, Ere the cold cares of life spread their darkness around At the time Gen. Green retreated before Lord Rawdon, from Ninety Six, when he had passed Broad river, he was very desirous to send an order to Gen. Sumpter, who was on the Wateree, to join him, that they might attack Rawdon, who had now divided his force; but the General could find no man in that part of the state, who was bold enough to undertake so dangerous a mission. The country to be passed through, for many miles, was full of bloodthirsty tories, who, on every occasion that offered, imbrued their hands in the blood of the whigs. At length Emily Geiger presented herself to General Green, and proposed to act as his messenger, and the General, both surprised and delighted, closed with her proposal. He accordingly wrote a letter and delivered it, and at the same time communicated the contents of it verbally to be told to Sumpter in case of accidents. Emily was young, but as to her person or adventures on the way, we have no further information, except that she was mounted on horseback, upon a side saddle. On the second day of her journey she was intercepted by Lord Rawdon's scouts. Coming from the direction of Green's army, and not being able to tell an untruth without blushing, Emily was suspected, and confined to a room; and as the officer in command had the modesty not to search her at that time, he sent for an old tory matron as more fitting for that purpose. Emily was not wanting in expedient, and as soon as the door was closed and the bustle a little subsided, she ate up the letter, piece by piece. After On Monday, October 8, as the pupils of Mr. Murawhile the matron arrived, and upon searching phy's academy, at Youghal, were bathing in the carefully, nothing was to be found of a suspicious sea, a respectable youth, about twelve years old, nature about the prisoner, and she would disclose was carried off by the strength of the waves, and nothing. Suspicion being thus allayed, the officer in a drowning condition, when one of the ushers On Wednesday, the 17th ultimo, the neighbour- swam to his assistance, and caught hold of him, but commanding the scouts suffered Emily to depart for hood of Newbury was enlivened, the first time this from the agitated state of the water, found it imwhere she said she was bound; but she took a route season, by the animating sound of the "horn," with practicable to bring him in, and called for help, somewhat circuitous to avoid further detection, and its responsive replies, "taron, ton." Grantly Berke soon after struck into the road leading to Sumpter's ley's stag-hounds were turned into the woods ad- sought his own safety by swimming to shore; but but none offered; he then left him to his fate, and camp, where she arrived in safety. Emily told her joining Hampstead park, the seat of the amiable Samuel Green, a lad of fifteen years of age, whose adventure, and delivered Green's verbal message Countess of Craven, in order to find out an "out- bosom filled with manly courage, and with an ar to Sumpter, who in consequence soon after joined lying buck," known by the appellation of the "bald-dent desire to rescue his school-fellow, hastened to the main army at Orangeburgh. Emily Geiger af- faced stag." They roused him, after some little andress himself, which, by the time he had done, terwards married Mr. Therwits, a planter on the time, in Enborne-copse. Congaree. She has been dead thirty-five years, but style, leading his pursuers through numerous cov-distance to sea. He went away in gallant the object of his auxiety was carried a considerable it is trusted her name will descend to posterity erts; but, being closely pressed by this staunch Cassius-like, buffeted the waves until he reached The little hero jumped in, and, among those of the patriotic females of the revolu- pack, he leaped the pales, and took a circuit several the motionless body, and nothing being visible but tines round the park-still finding that he could not the crown of the head, he caught by the hair; but elude his pursuers, he left his native haunts, and be it being too short to afford him a hold, he took him took himself to the meadows adjoining (closely fol- by the wrist with one hand, and swam with the Brunella takes every opportunity of insinuating lowed all this time) at his best possible pace. Hear other, dragging his almost lifeless treasure, and that she has been, in her youth, greatly distinguishing the music (to him discordant) of this merry-presented him to his numerous companions, who ed for her beauty Her charms, however, whatever toned little pack close at his heels, and the Kennet stood on the strand, with streaming eyes and heartthey have once been, are now entirely fled: but she and Avon canal presenting itself, he viewed the felt anxiety for the safety of them both. He was still retains all the vanity, insolence and caprice, "stilly waters" as a friend, and dashed into it, and immediately restored to animation, and, we are which ever attended the bloom of beauty, with the crossed it; then skirting the meadows between the happy to say, is now perfectly recovered. addition of that peevishness and ill humour, which canal and the old river, which he also swam, he led often accompanies its decay. Her insolence, how- his pursuers over many a wide leap, into Benhamever, is only displayed to the unprotected, and her park. There he dodged them for some, till, again ill humour to her servants; for to her superiors she closely pressed, he took the Park-wall into the Bath is always obsequious, and to her equals, she wears road-thence traversed the lands belonging to the an everlasting simper of approbation. This wo- Reverend George Wyld, and entered Dean wood. man's benevolence is regulated by decorum; her friendship by convenience; and all her affections by etiquette. Her heart has no concern in any of

tion.

A FEMALE CHARACTER.

these matters.

She is chaste, without being virtuous; because, in her it proceeds from constitution, not sentiment. Guarded by the breast-plate of frigidity, which, like the Ægis of Minerva, repels the shafts of love, she

(From the Annals of Sporting, of November, 1827.) THE BERKELEY HOUNDS-GALLANT CHASE WITH THE BALD-FACED STAG.

PARTRIDGE TAKING.

On Wednesday, October 10, two gentlemen belonging to Falkirk, went out to shoot partridges, accompanied by an excellent greyhound bitch. They But this he could not keep, for his pursuers stuck had not been long in the fields before the bitch so close upon him, that he was compelled to break raised a partridge, and pursued it on foot for a conagain for the grounds adjoining, and to dash along siderable distance; and just as the bird had taken home at his top speed, as true to the turns as an old wing, the spirited animal made a leap and caught it cunning hare, and as if he were accustomed to this in the air, to the no small surprise of the sportsmer. very round. Entering his native haunts,

Where long

He ranged the branching monarch of the shades:"

Go as early as you can to market, and as late af you can to battle.

Take a piece of the lean of mutton, about the size of a large walnut; put it into the fire and burn it for some time, till it becomes almost reduced into a cinder; then put it into a piece of clean rag, and Before you make a promise, consider well its im-squeeze it until some moisture is expressed, which portance, and ascertain whether you can perform must be dropped into the ear as hot as the patient can bear it.

No. 44.-VOL. 9.

AGRICULTURE.

AMERICAN FARMER-BALTIMORE, JANUARY 18, 1828.

(From the New York Statesman.)
LUCERNE.

We recently published a correspondence between Isaac M. Ely, Esq. of this city, and Judge Buel, of Albany, relative to the method, and the advantages, of the cultivation of lucerne. That correspondence threw much light on the subject, and has been extensively republished, as being highly interesting to the farmer. We are now favoured by Mr. Ely with another communication, which will be found below, from Vanbrugh Livingston, Esq., of Westchester county, who has also devoted his attention to that species of grass. It will be seen that he entirely concurs with Judge Buel. Mr. L. is an intelligent and zealous agriculturist; and he is aided in his experiments and efforts for the advancement of rural economy, by the enlarged views acquired in foreign

travel.

To the Editors of the Statesman:

I send you a further communication on the culture of lucerne. From your agricultural notice of the correspondence between Judge Buel and myself on this subject, I have no doubt Mr. Livingston's interesting letter will find its appropriate place in Yours, &c.

the Statesman. January 5th, 1828.

I. M. ELY.

}

Calendar, (near Yonker's,) Westchester DEAR SIR, county, Dec. 31st, 1827. Your favour of the 26th inst., together with an accompanying copy of "the Statesman" you were so obliging as to send me, I received by this morning's mail.

its success.

345 panied the buckwheat was entirely smothered.-I told Mr. Pope that if it would perform well on The lucerne growing on the two former pieces, rice, of which he had a small parcel, procured from being now in the fourth year of its growth, is in a the south for the purpose of testing his machine, I most vigourous state; and so far from evincing any would dispense with its action on wheat-feeling symptoms of decline, continued to grow, the last confident from the effect on rye, that all reasonable I commenced expectations would be realized. season, more luxuriantly than ever. With the labour of one man to turn, and another cutting, it last spring, on the 27th of April. It then yielded, I should judge, at the rate of a ton and a to feed, this machine threshed three sheaves, thirty half to the acre, on the supposition that the grass inches in length in something less than a minute; had been cured into hay. It was cut for the pur- affording a peck of clean rice. It appeared that the pose of soiling, and given to horses in the stable feeder was not more than half supplied with material, The produce amounted, durand that the same power would have acted on douand to working oxen. ing the season, to six cuttings. In this experiment, ble the quantity within the time. I must confess the quantity of seed used was at the rate of 20 lbs. that I was not prepared to witness so complete an It was cultivated on a soil similar to operation. Considering the form of a panicle of to the acre. that described by Judge Buel, as indispensable to rice, so essentially different from an ear of wheat or rye, i was apprehensive that a portion of the peduncles It is unnecessary here to recapitulate all that has or foot stalks would break off and escape the beatbeen said and written in favour of this plant. Iers, or pass through attached singly to the grain. which have been alleged in its favour, are fully pear possible to thresh rice more completely with Indeed it does not apwould remark, however, that the great advantages But this was not the case borne out by my own experience. It may, further, flails, in the usual way, than was demonstrated in be well to observe, that, in referring to the remarks this instance; and if we may judge from the result of Judge Buel, there is no difficulty whatever in its of an experiment so limited, I think it may be safebeing made into hay, when managed in the modely estimated that such a machine, with the labour he describes. And it seems to me a matter of some of three men and a boy, will thresh from 150 to 200 importance to bear in mind that, although the vir- bushels of rice in a day-and with the increased vetues of lucerne have been most largely descanted locity which may be attained by the application of upon by British writers, it is a plant which is far animal power, an ordinary mule for instance, double better adapted to our own climate than that of Bri- that quantity may be turned out. tain. The latter country, it would appear, does not possess the requisite degree of heat and dryness, to insure the full advantage of its real value. And it seems to be expedient, if not necessary, in that country, to cultivate it at the expense of drilling while here it answers with perfect success in the easier and cheaper mode of broadcast.

With great respect, I am yours, &c.
VANBRUGH LIVINGSTON.

great durability, occupies not more room, and is as portable as a common fanning machine—is simple, and so cheap as to be at the command of middling farmers-cardinal points which mechanicians in general are too apt to overlook. For being encouraged by a venial cupidity in the public, they endeavour to get too much of a good thing, whereby their machines are rendered bulky, complicated and expensive.

The numerous threshing machines, and specious models of them, that were exhibited to the Trustees of the Massachusetts Society for promoting Agriculture, during a long period that I had the honour of a seat at that board, as trustee and vice president of the institution, which proved either complete failures, or, after ephemeral exhibitions and cessation Notwithstanding, however, what has been said in of novelty, "rest from their labours," with attempts I have attentively perused the statement of Judge praise of the merits of this grass, I am not unaware at perpetual motion and other abortions, produced by Buel, in his letter to you on the subject of lucerne, of the objections that have been made to its gene- the fecundity of inventive genius in our countryand am pleased to find that his experience, in its ral introduction in this country. More especially of the models of which assist to load the shelves of the culture, so fully accords with my own. The first those advanced by a distinguished agriculturist in Patent office-induced a degree of caution borderexperiment I made with this grass was in the sum-the vicinity of Philadelphia. It was my intentioning on scepticism. Certainly no threshing machines mer of 1821; but the seed did not vegetate, owing to have noticed them, and to have offered some have come within my view that inspired any confidoubtless, to their being unsound, rather than to views of individual practice in relation to the sub-dence in their general utility, except Pope's and I any peculiarity of management; for, wher good, ject, leading to a difference of conviction. The never felt a full conviction that even that was capathey appear to germinate as freely as those of red length, however, to which this communication has ble of producing such important results as those to clover. Not being discouraged by my first essay, already attained, prevents me from dwelling any which i have alluded. This machine promises I prepared the following year, the same piece of longer upon the merits in question. ground for the reception of fresh seed. This was sown, broadcast, in the early part of July, 1822, without a protecting cover. The plants soon made I. M. ELY, Esq. their appearance, notwithstarding a period of dry weather which succeeded, and continued to grow POPE'S HAND-THRESHING MACHINE. finely, till checked by the frost. As the crop was Brighton, Mass., Dec. 26, 1827. neither cut nor depastured, a large burden was left J. S. SKINNER, Esq. on the ground; and the ensuing spring, before Dear Sir,-I lately had an opportunity of view other grasses had yet started, the lucerne exhibited ing an operation of threshing rice with Pope's ima flourishing growth. Without entering into any proved machine-the exhibition of which was forfurther details respecting this crop, it will be suffituitous; but the result may be interesting to our cient to say, that it completely justified, in all re southern brethren who cultivate that important staspects, the encomiums I had read upon its value. ple; and being desirous to contribute my feeble ef It may be well, however, to remark that, in accor forts towards promoting the prosperity of our whole dance with the directions of some writers on the country, the following statement and remarks are subject, i had the ground harrowed, for the alleged submitted to your disposal-to pass for what they purpose of extirpating weeds and promoting its vi may be worth. gour. This was done in the third year of its growth, About a year since, I was requested by Mr. Dab and by these means more than half of the roots ney, the United States' Consul for the Azores, to were destroyed. The remainder, however, con procure one of Pope's hand threshing machines for a tinued to grow well for a year after; but as the crop friend, who cultivated wheat extensively in the did not exhibit the flourishing appearance as before, island of Terceira; but as my discretion was relied I determined upon breaking up the ground. on, I delayed a compliance till within a few weeks, In the beginning of May, 1823, I had about two when one of an improved construction was present acres sown with lucerne. The ground was divided ed. With its performance on rye I was fully satis into three pieces, and each piece was, along with fied-the straw being completely cleared of grain the lucerne, sown with a different grain crop. These with astonishing expedition, considering the small consisted of barley, buckwheat and winter rye.-size of the machine, and that the moving power The result of the experiment was as follows, viz: was only one man. There being no wheat within a that sown with the rye proved the best, and that with reasonable distance of Boston, and the vessel that the barley ranked next in quality; but what accom- was to take out the machine ou the point of sailing, No. 44.-VOL. 9.

It were superfluous to expatiate on the importance of eliciting the invention of simple and efficient labour-saving machines, in various departments of husbandry, as well as in the arts; but I cannot withhold the expression of my firm conviction, derived in part from facts recently come to my knowedge, that many valuable inventions and discoveries are kept from the light in consequence of the feeble protection afforded that species of property, or the impunity with which it can be pirated under the patent laws now in force. For it is unquestionably tru, that great loss or ruin is inevitable to the man who, with a verdict in his favour, prosecutes for an infringement of his patent!—and like a wreck stranded on a barbarous coast, the greater the value of his invention or discovery, the greater the number and potency of depredators will he have to contend with. Moreover, it is believed, that to the same cause may be attributed the imperfection of numerous machines that have been palmed upon the public. The inventor, or machinician, has little inducement for persevering to bring his machine to the highest state of improvement of which its principles may be

susceptible-having no confidence in the laws, but | palpable to any who will read and reflect on Mr. agricultural products would admit the expense of rather viewing them as a trap, commences trapper Colt's report to the Harrisburg Convention in July carrying to market. Cotton and tobacco from the himself, and so soon as he can render it sufficiently last. interior, are almost the only articles that will bear

plausible to enable him to sell patent rights, grasps At the same time that I feel constrained to recom-transportation, while rice and naval stores, on the at the modicum offered by jobbers-the construction mend the perusal of the proceedings of that respec-seaboard, are the principal exports. When the of the machine is assigned to bunglers, and the utili-table convention, I will give a short extract in rela-prices of these articles were up, the farming interty it might possess soon expires. tion to flax, hoping that the efforts to stigmatize Jest of North Carolina presented something like the Upon what moral principle, or maxims of justice that body, as having convened for party purposes, appearance of prosperity; but a great depression the distinction is founded, or why it is, that proper-will not blind our citizens to the interesting facts has taken place in their value, and at this time they ty created by astonishing efforts of human intellect, which were disclosed. After a variety of details, are scarcely worth producing. united to years of constant toil, when exhibited in the report proceeds: the form of inventions or discoveries that in some instances seem to approximate matter almost to mind, and prove of incalculable benefit to society, should by the same community he held so little sacred and receive from their lawgivers merely nominal protection, while property acquired by professional displays of intellect, and every other pursuit, is most rigidly secured, we shall leave to casuists and societies for the improvement of morals, to discover. But such is the fact that the right to inventions, or what is termed patent property, in relation to any other kind, may be correctly compared to a weak and sickly tree Hosts of insects seize and gorge upon its trunk, fruit and foliage, when not a soul of them, except a few outcasts of their society, dare approach one of the same species that is in sound health and vigour.

For cordage, twine, &c. 1,949,915 lbs. of
hemp and flax,

Hemp in its raw state, 9,869,003 lbs.
Flax, estimated at 600,000 lbs.

147,426 551,757 72,000

The loss of the West India trade has lessened From the foregoing items, the following estimate the demand for lumber. Tobacco is now taxed in is made of the quantity, and value of the raw ma- the British markets more than 600 per cent., while terial, requisite for the manufacture of the hempen the demand for cotton, our other great staple, does and flaxen fabrics imported into the United States not keep pace with its increased production. Every last year, together with the quantity and value of year new sources of supply are opened in our own, the hemp and flax in the raw state, imported in the and in other countries. Egypt, Greece, the British same period, viz: for sail cloth, ravens duck, and East India possessions, and South America, are all other coarse articles imported from Russia alone-well adapted to the culture of the article. If the 4,521,700 lbs. of flax and hemp, valued at $542,600 planter in North Carolina can barely afford to raise For cotton bagging, requiring 3,300,000 cotton at eight cents per pound, he must soon be Jbs. of hemp, 184,000 driven from its culture altogether, by the farmers of the west, whose new rich lands enable them to produce it with less labour and expense. Thus, while the exports of these, our great staples, have rapidly fallen off, our importations of various articles continue nearly the same, or at most do not diminish in a corresponding ratio with our exports. The consequence is, that the balance of trade against us, for several years past, has greatly increased. To meet the debt created by this balance of trade, the notes of our banks are carried to the northern cities, where they cease to perform the part of money, but like other merchantable commodities, are sold at a discount of four to five per cent. on their nominal value. The notes thus sent to the north, are soon returned on the bank, when another loss of four or five per cent. is sustained by these institutions in procuring such funds as will be taken by the northern holder. The annual tax thus paid to the northern cities, is by no means inconsiderable, and in its effects on the banks, and through them on the people, greatly add to the difficulties of the times.

Amounting to more than twenty millions It is said to be the boast of our country that her of pounds of flax and hemp, valued at $1,497,783 laws are framed to dispense "equal and exact justice to all." We may still hope that the grand inRequiring a cultivation of nearly 50,000 acres of quest of the nation, will no longer suffer that divine land for the growth of the raw material, giving em attribute to be defaced by statutes that carry PRO- ployment directly to 7000 hands to manufacture it, TECTION in their front, but DESTRUCTION to the op-and indirectly to very many more. pressed who seek for redress under them.

With very cordial esteem,
I remain truly yours,

SAM'L WYLLYS POMEROY.

MANUFACTURES.

The following is from the New Jersey Society for the Promotion of Manufactures and the Mechanic Arts.

per cent.

A NATIVE AMERICAN.

MANUFACTURE OF COTTON IN THE
SOUTHERN STATES-XIV.

A Report on the establishment of Colton and Wool
len Manufactures, and on the growing of Wool;
made to the House of Commons of North Carolina,
by Mr. Fisher, from Rowan, on Tuesday, January

1, 1828.

Among the officers of this institution are the GoverThe balance of trade against us produces anonor of the state, one of the Senators, the Chief Justice The select committee, to whom was referred the ther state of things on the monied concerns of and the Attorney General. The formation of socie- resolution on the subject of Cotton and Woollen North Carolina, which threatens not only the ruin ties throughout the country, are recommended for manufactures, and on the growing of Wool in of our local institutions, but as an inevitable consethe encouragement of the manufacture of wooliens, North Carolina, have had the same under consi-quence, bankruptcy and distress throughout the fine cottons, and goods from the materials of flax deration, and-REPORT, community. The United States Bank at Fayetteand hemp. The society state in their circular, that That the subject of the resolution is one which ville, receives in payments the notes of the local the tariff of 1824, by altering the specific to an ad deeply concerns the citizens of this state, and is banks, but pays out one but her own. The consevalorem duty, on the only article made from flax in vitally connected with their best interest and pros-quence is, that nine-teaths of her issues are sent to this country, the protection was lessened nearly 30 perity. A crisis is at hand, when our citizens must the north, to meet the debt created by the balance of turn a portion of their labour and enterprise into trade; while the debts due her are always paid in loThey further state, that "the repealed specific other channels of industry; otherwise, poverty and cal notes. The notes thus towing in on that office, duty had been for years existing before the esta- ruin will fall on every class of our community are returned in quick succession on their respective blishment of a manufactory on the continent of It is a lamentable fact, that the people of North branches, and these institutions sustain a loss in America." "The case of individuals," say they, Carolina are indebted to one another, and to the procuring funds to meet these perpetual runs. The "engaged in this work, is peculiarly hard, and we banks, to an amount appalling to the mind that extent of these runs from that quarter are not limittherefore beg to call the attention of all the friends looks to consequences. According to recent state-ed by her discounts; and in the course of the year, of the American System to this manufacture, and ments, the debts due to the local institutions alone, they amount at least to half a million of dollars. by a strong and unanimous appeal to the represen- amount to $5,221,877; and, in the absence of data, Thus the local banks of North Carolina annually tatives of the nation, secure that protection which we believe it will not be an over estimate to say, pay four or five per cent. on all their notes collected will tend to re-establish those institutions which that the debt due the United States office at Fay- by this mammoth institution. Already one of the have not only ceased to operate, but are now offer-etteville, will swell the amount to six millions of local banks, that of Cape Fear, finds it impossible ed for sale, by their proprietors, at a great sacri- dollars. In addition to this we esteem it a moderate to get on under the pressure of the United States fice. calculation, that the people of North Carolina owe Bank at Fayetteville; and the president and directo merchants, to usurers, to note-shavers, and to tors have called a meeting of stockholders, with a one another in general, the further sum of four mil-view of winding up their business and surrendering lions, making in all ten millions of dollars. Many their charter. The local banks are thus forced to of these debts were contracted at a time when a curtail their discounts, and withdraw from circulamore prosperous state of things held out better tion a part of their notes, which have the effect to prospects of easy and speedy payments; but the press their debtors, at a time when bad crops and great fall in the prices of agricultural products, has low prices diminish their ability to pay. not only reduced the value of every species of property, but, as a consequence has, in effect, doubled the debts of individuals.

"It is neither the north, south, east, or west of our country, that is to be injuriously affected by this protection; but all sections and interests are to derive benefit therefrom: for the introduction of flax and hemp interferes materially with cotton; and in all the states north of Georgia (if not equally every where,) flax might be grown, not only in sufficient quantity for the consumption of the country, but we could vie with Russia and England in the export of

this article."

The folly of withholding protection from the manufacturers of flax and hemp, will be sufficiently

Owing to the want of navigable streams in our state, leading to good marts, hitherto but few of our

This creates a distress that impels thousands of our citizens to abandon their homes and their hopes in their native state, and seek relief abroad, where better prospects are opened to them. If in transplanting themselves from their native soil, they bet

ter their condition, it is certain that their friends who remain behind, are left in a worse situation Every man who moves to the west, is not only a loss to the state, but carries off with him a part of our circulating medium, which makes it scarcer here. Your committee might point out other effects arising out of the course of trade, uniting to produce a state of embarrassment never before equalled in North Carolina, but time presses on their labours and admonishes them to omit all unnecessary views of the subject.

AMERICAN FARMER.

347

that the people of North Carolina annually consume, in cotton manufactures of various descriptions, one-fourth of the crop shipped from the state, excepting the mountainous regions, are well adapted equal to 20,000 bales. If so, then the manufactu- to the growth of this great staple; and for the past rers pay us for our 80,000 bales, by sending back of ten years, her exports of this crop, as before stated, I. THE RAW MATERIAL. Cotton. The soil and climate of North Carolina, our own raw material, 20,000 bales in the manufac- may be estimated at 80,000 bales. The quality of tured state, retaining for their trouble, and the use the staple has been pronounced, by some of the of scientific power," the remaining 60,000 bales-most skilful manufacturers at the North, to be equal which, when converted, according to the admitted or superior to any raised in the United States of the rule, will bring them $7,200.000. Now, if the raw The situation of our people being as thus repre- mense sum would be made by our own citizens, and finer and more silky than further south or west. It sented, the inquiry presents itself, how is it to be would diffuse wealth and prosperity among all clas-seems to be a principle in cotton to grow finer in material was wrought up among ourselves, this imThe fibres are not so long, but in texture they are same species-that is, of the common short staple: ameliorated and changed for the better? It is cer- ses. As it now is, we lose it, and the profits are en- staple as it goes north. Thus, the Mexican cotton, tainly true that something may be effected by indi-joyed by Old and New England. vidual economy, but this alone will not accomplish the important end. Nothing but a change of sys- verting the raw material, are not the only advantaterial, then, abounds in North Carolina, where it tem can restore health and prosperity to the com- ges attending the system. But the profits arising from the process of con- length, but makes it up in fineness. This raw main its progress to the north, loses something in munity at large. It is certainly a correct maxim in take from agriculture some of the surplus labour, The advantages of having the raw material on the political economy, that every state or nation should and turn it into other pursuits. It will convert pro-spot, are much more important than at first may Another is, that it will may be had, without the expense of transportation. be able to feed and clothe itself. has not been our case. Such, however, ducers into consumers, and thus create at home, in fertile soil, the best and most productive in the At-products of the farmer. With immense tracts of the bosom of the community, good markets for the saved. This is equal, on an average, to 25 per lantic states, many of our citizens in the eastern parts of the state, for several years past, have been tion, these neighbourhood markets are not so essen First-the expense of transportation is in the practice of purchasing flour made at the tial; but to North Carolina, which is without such North Carolina, cost for transportation $600,000— To a community having good water communica- $7.50 per bale, on all shipments, either to the North cent. on the present prices, or to 24 cents per lb. or north, and feeding their negroes with pork shipped means, their importance is incalculable. The in- which would be saved, if manufactured on the spot. from New York. While every fall large droves of troduction of the manufacturing system would give An establishment at Lowel, Patterson, or Blackor to Europe. Thus the 80,000 bales sent from Tennessee and Kentucky hogs are sold in the south-employment at home to our people, and arrest that stone, consuming 500 bales, must pay annually for ern and middle counties. Even at this moment, tide of emigration, which is bearing off our popu-transportation $3,750, which would be a clear gain while we are penning these remarks, there are seve-lation, our wealth and enterprise, and leaving those to a similar establishment in North Carolina. 2d.— ral droves from that quarter in this city, and a good who remain behind poor and dispirited. It would Another advantage in our favour is, that the cotton portion of the money paid by the members of the legislature for their board and lodging, will be car ried directly to the west, in exchange for an article that we can raise as well at home.

build up flourishing villages in the interior of our moral and intellectual condition of our citizens. state, and improve, not only the physical, but the With all the materials and aliments for manufac- similar circumstances, will always produce the same turing, we annually expend millions in the purchase effects. This is not speculation; the same causes, under of articles manufactured in Europe and at the ring villages and establishments, and you will find a north, out of our own raw materials. Look to the north-visit their manufactu this state of things, we have been growing poorer, of example, we point to the town of Lowel, in While under contented, happy and prospering people. By way the manufacturers have been growing rich. The Massachusetts. Six years ago, its present site was individual who buys more than he sells, whose ex unoccupied by the dwellings of man. penditure is greater than his income, sooner or later factories have been there erected, a town has sprung must reach the brink of poverty and bankruptcy.up of neat and commodious buildings, with a popuThe remark is equally true as to a state or com-lation of six thousand souls. Since manumunity. education of the children. Look also to Waltham, to Taunton, to Patterson, to Manyunk, and a hunchurches for public worship, and schools for the There are several dred other places in the New England and northern states, where this system is diffusing wealth and prosperity, and improving the moral condition of society

In setting about to ameliorate our condition, the first step is to adopt some system that will enable us to buy less and sel! more-that will enable us to supply, within ourselves, our own wants and necessities. And here we remark, that in its effects on us, it is all the same, whether we buy from Europe or the northern states Our trade with Europe is through the northern cities, and the profits of that our state such as to render practicable the introduc trade, whether outward or inward, are mostly made tion of this system among us? We answer, they But, it may be asked, are the circumstances of at the north. But how is this important revolutionare. to be accomplished?-We unhesitatingly answerby introducing the manufacturing system into our own state, and fabricating, at least to the extent of We go further.-Instead of send ing off at great expense of transportation, our raw material, convert it into fabrics at home, and in that state bring it into market. want of navigation will not be so severely felt, for In this way, our it will cost no more to send off $40,000 worth of the fabric, than it will $10,000 of the raw material, and of course the expense will be less felt, as it will be divided among a larger amount.

our own wants.

North Carolina, during good crop years, is esti mated to have shipped for the north and Europe, through her own ports and those of her sister states, at least 80,000 bales of cotton. Eighty thousand bales, at $30 per bale, amounts to 2.400,000. But 80.000 bales, thus worth $2,400,000 in the raw state, when converted into fabrics, are increased in value four fold, which will make the sum of $9,600,000, or $7,200,000 more than we obtained for it

Again-it is not thought extravagant to estimate,

appear.

here would be delivered in the seed. Cotton taken sides, we should save the bagging, roping and wastfrom the gin is in the best state for spinning. Beestimates equal to ten per cent. in our favour. age-all of which, Mr. Donaldson, of Fayetteville, tories of cloths, is wool. Wool.-Another raw material wanted in manufac

climate and soil of North Carolina, are well adapted to the raising of sheep and the growing of wool. The committee entertain the opinion, that the of land well suited to the purpose of grazing. The same is true of the middle and southern counties; In the eastern parts of the state, are extensive tracts grass. The opinion is held by some that a northern climate is better adapted to the growing of fine valled for extensive ranges of the most luxuriant while the mountainous parts of the state stand unriwool than the south. If so, we have such a climate in our mountains to produce wool of that quality, while the eastern and middle parts of the state will has two very important advantages over the northern states. produce wool of the coarser sorts. In the business of raising sheep, North Carolina mate. 1st. The price of lands. 2d. The cli

North Carolina as a region of country well adapted
to manufactories. Cut off from the ocean by a higher price than in this state. One thousand dol-
The hand of nature itself seems to point out
sand-bound coast, her rivers filled with shoals and lars in North Carolina will purchase a more exten-
obstructions along their whole extent, and their sive sheep walk, than ten thousand will command
North of the Susquehanna, lands range at a much
mouths inaccessible to large vessels, she never can in New England, New York or Pennsylvania. In
be greatly commercial. On the other hand, her cli- the northern states, sheep require to be fed nearly
states, and she abounds with all the facilities neces-long as is necessary. There they must be fed with
mate and soil are equal to those of any of her sister six months in the year; while here, six weeks is as
sary to the manufacturing arts.

The following may be considered as the elements
facturing establishments:
indispensable for building up and sustaining manu

wanted are fabricated.
1. The raw material, out of which the articles

labour-saving machinery employed in manufactu
ring.
2. The power necessary to give motion to the

dant.
3. Labour, at prices that will afford profit.
4. Provisions, cheap, of good quality and abun-

5. Climate, healthy and mild.
6. Skill and capital.

re

here, a cheaper food will answer, or at most, a less succulent vegetables and other expensive food; while quantity of vegetables and grain. In addition to young, than is necessary here. All these things this, the severity of the climate at the north, quires more care and attention to be paid to the raised at the north. Yet, hitherto, but few sheep least 35 or 40 per cent. cheaper than they can be considered, it is evident that we can raise sheep at have been raised in North Carolina. We scarcely The fact is, that the culture of cotton has misled us grow as much wool as is wanted for domestic uses. from our true interest, and caused us to neglect every thing else.

From recent calculations, it is estimated the