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cut? I am not able, from experience, to say how much seed to the acre would be enough, but have pointed out a mode for you to ascertain it. If the seed is small, fine and sound, a less quantity will answer. Probably two quarts to the acre would The time for cutting all grasses, is when one half has gone to seed. It is then mature and well flavoured, and the seed will deposit sufficiently to keep the herbage always thrifty.

answer.

FELLENBERG SCHOOL.

Lieut Uriah P Levy, of the United States' navy, presented the society with a parcel of wheat, beans, melon and pumpkin seeds, brought by him from Paraguay, which were taken by the Recording Secretary for distribution. From the minutes.

JOHN P. MILNOR, Rec. Sec.

[We have already published expositions of the plan of the Fellenberg system, its advantages and population of the United States. We have now its adaptation to the great mass of the agricultural the pleasure to lay before our readers, a communication to the President of the Pennsylvania Agricultural Society, from Mr. Anthony Morris, whose zeal and disinterestedness entitle him to be consid-Plan for a Fellenberg School, in a letter addressed to You request me to consider the questions you ered a public benefactor. We are prompted to Jonathan Roberts, President of the Pennsylvania put in your letter to Mr. Watson. I have now that Agricultural Society, from Anthony Morris, Esq. letter before me, and do not perceive that I can add publish it by a conviction of the utility of the sysany thing on those matters more than what I have tem to other states, as well as to Pennsylvania. In Washington, Dec. 31, 1827. attended to in former letters and the present one. tion, the editor of the Pennsylvania Gazette remarks] opinion of the Fellenberg system of education acspreading before his readers the same communicaDear Sir,-I am much gratified to find that your I will, however, examine the subjects more particularly. It will be pleasant to me to keep up the cor-dressed to the President of the Pennsylvania Agri- those I had received from other persons distinguish"We have placed upon our first page, a letter ad- cords with those which I had expressed, as well as respondence betwixt us. I will endeavour to amuse you, at least; my aim, however, shall be at utility. cultural Society, which will be read with pleasure ed for their judgment, and devoted to the interests I enclose you, by this mail, our annual address-by all who desire the improvement of the character of agriculture and science, and to their extension which I hope may be some gratification. We are United States. Of the plan and site alluded to in and condition of the agricultural population of the throughout the union. progressing and extending more widely our opera the letter, we do not desire to express an opinion; stance, an Agricultural Institute, connected with a To introduce into Pennsylvania, in the first intions and influence. We hope to make ourselves felt and known throughout the nation. You will but upon the principles of the Fellenberg schools, general system of scientific and liberal instruction, much gratify by information of the measures taking we presume there can be but one sentiment, that of so extensive as to give, in the country, all the means in your state to improve it. We see favourable approbation. In truth, so exceedingly judicious and of education now only attainable in colleges and ciaccounts in the newspapers. Will you describe to proper do they appear, it is a matter of astonishment ties, would be obviously an attempt beyond the reme generally your ploughs, harrows and farming that they have to be introduced at this time of day. The first object, aim and desire of all animals success on public opinion, that all-powerful instrusources of individual farmers, and must rely for its implements-your times of sowing, spring and autumn, and your times of harvesting and haying is to eat, the next step of the human family is re- ment in modern times, of effecting every end either the various species of corn seed cultivated, viz:-finement. Tilling the land was the first employ- of good or evil. wheat, rye, peas, barley, oats, buckwheat, Indian ment of man, and is now the only, at least the prinTo ascertain, therefore, how far such a system corn, &c.? the usual produce by the acre; the kind cipal source from whence the staff of life, the main would be sustained by public opinion in Pennsylof animals used in cultivation; the price of labour, staples of nourishment and existence, are derived. vania, and generally in the United States, has been and the common price of cows and oxen? Have It is therefore matter of surprise, that refinement, my first object. For this purpose my earliest referyou any dairy establishments? What is the usual learning and science, did not naturally at once min-ences have been made to the agricultural societies price of butter and cheese? Have you sheep, and gle with agricultural pursuits. This, however, ap- of Pennsylvania, and to those individuals most We have exer-known for their devotion to the extension of knowwhat kinds? Do you manufacture, and if so, what pears not to have been the case. cises of almost every kind, military and gymnas ledge, and the improvement of our systems of edukind of fabrics? tic, except agricultural, which, of all others is the cation, especially in the country. Thus far my in"It is with much pleasure we learn, that a gentle-dences of a general desire to improve the moral and quiries have resulted in the most satisfactory eviman is now in Europe making himself acquainted intellectual character of our country population, with the original schools, with a view to their intro- and a conviction that this can only effectually be done by a system of education appropriate to this portion of our fellow citizens. Should further inA quarterly meeting was held at the Indian Queen, quiry, by a more extended correspondence, confirm in Fourth street, on Saturday, January 12, the Pre-my impressions that public opinion is prepared for sident being in the chair. this system, a more detailed statement of its char

I have much anxiety to learn how you are situ

ated. It is time to close. You shall hear from me as I have leisure.

I remain, sir, cordially,

Your humble servant,

THOMAS GOLD.

Sainfoin-Lucerne-Mangel Wurzel.

DEAR SIR,

Belmont, March 13, 1818.

I send you enclosed some seed of the lucerne and sainfoin, both whereof require great cleanliness and attention whilst young. I have often endea voured to raise them, once on a large scale; but they require more than a common farmer can afford of time and labour. Nothing would have gratified me more than success in either of these plants. The sainfoin is the hardiest of all grass, after three years; but when young it is tender, and requires nursing and freedom from weeds. Twice I lost it by frosts. The lucerne is excellent, and beautiful beyond any of its tribe. In New York it grows well in drills, and they cut it as green forage.

I send some Guinea grass; an account whereof you will see in our 3d vol. Also a few seeds of the Tangier wheat, called Big rye. Sow it in a drill, and try it as a spring grain. I have also sent a few seed of the mangel wurzel. I have not your letter, but I think you desired them sent by post; I hope I am not wrong.

most valuable and useful.

duction into this state."

PENNSYLVANIA AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.

A communication from Anthony Morris, Esq., of acter, and the benefits expected from it, will be preWashington, was read, recommending the estab-sented on the return of a gentleman to the United lishment in Pennsylvania of an Agricultural Semi-States, who went to Switzerland, and has resided nary, on the plan of Mr. Fellenberg, of Switzerland. some time at Hoffwyl, with the express object of On motion of Col. Watmough, obtaining all the requisite information, and of whose Resolved, That the society approve of the gen-character and talents we have the most satisfactory eral feature of Mr. Morris' project, that the commu- references here, as well as the opinion of Mr Felnication be entered on the minutes, and published in lenberg himself, of his competency, and preparaall the papers of the state favourable to the plan. tion for the part intended to be offered to him. I The Society proceeded to the election of officers must defer, until his return, the statements and esfor the present year, when the following gentlemen timates to which you allude--he is expected in the were duly chosen: spring.

President.-Jonathan Roberts.
Vice Presidents.

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Corresponding Secretary-John Hare Powel.
Treasurer-George Blight.
Directors.

I sent, a long time ago, my little epitome of farm-Reuben Haines ing, and our almanack for 1818, to Raleigh, to the Henry L. Waddell care of Mr. Gales. Mr. Small, the bookseller here, John G. Watmough engaged to forward them.

Perhaps some of these seeds may succeed, and the trial will amuse you. I keep the onobrychis, or sainfoin, as a garden flower; and it is a handsome variety. In Switzerland it is a staple commodity. I wish you success in all your agricultural endeavours. Be not discouraged by failures, but perseYours, very truly,

vere.

Ġ. W. JEFFREYS, Esq.

RICHARD PETERS.

Richard B. Jones
Jonathan Thomas
Lloyd Jones
Wm. Darlington
Samuel Davis
James Cox
Anthony Taylor

Thomas Smith
Matthew Roberts
George Sheaff

Charles Miner

Thomas Penn Gaskell
Geo. W. Sergeant
Callender Irvine
Joshua Evans
George W. Holstein
Algernon S. Logan.
Recording Secretary-John P. Milnor.
Assistant Recording Secretaries.
Adam Siter.

Charles J. Davis

No other fund has been contemplated as essential to the success of the establishment by its friends, than the subscription of responsible names for the requisite number of scholars; which, in the first instance, would be about one hundred, at perhaps two hundred dollars per annum for the school of general instruction. On the faith of these names, and presuming on the advance of one half year's tuition on its commencement, the requisite funds for preparation in buildings, &c., it is believed, might be easily raised in Philadelphia.

One hundred acres of land is supposed adequate to the agricultural department, and, for the exclusively labouring class, the experience of Mr. Fellenberg is, that the results of their labour paid for their education, subsistence and clothing, leaving to each a moderate excess. To this class, and to that which would unite an agricultural to a liberal education, more or less extensive, according to the means and wishes of the scholars, the immediate benefits to the farming community are most evi

dent, in addition to the general benefit which the efforts only of individuals, and attain celebrity in pure principles of Christianity, and separated from extension of the circles of science beyond our cities the objects of their institutions, without, perhaps, all sectarian controversy, is made subservient to the and colleges, would confer on the country. an adaptation to our national character and interests improvement, moral, intellectual and practical, of On a farm prepared for a proper distribution of as universal as agriculture, and civil education. man in every grade of the human family. Is not labour, having its buildings systematically arranged Individual effort seems, indeed, a safe and sure systematic instruction in his occupation as essential with every view to economy, provided with the due foundation for this system, and less liable to delay to a farmer, a field labourer, and a gardener, as to proportion of labourers, whom we will call appren- and defeat than legislation. The system has flou-a carpenter or a mason? Can system be obviously tices, and possessing the requisite capital to conduct rished in Switzerland, not only without the support more necessary in any department of life than in the whole system, (which Mr. Fellenberg has reduc- of the government, but in opposition to the aristo- our agricultural practices? And can any system be ed to a science,) with the economy, regularity, and cratic features of the constitution of the Canton of selected from the distant and diversified practices industry to which rural labours on such a farm may Bern, because its principles are in accord with the of our best farmers?—a comparison between which be subjected, you will readily see results in Pennsyl-spirit of the age, and extend the blessings of edu- and their results can never be fairly made. It is vania, such as the Fellenberg system has realized in cation to the country population. only where a variety of culture can be exhibited at Switzerland, and school farms in which science would To this great class in Pennsylvania, the least at-one time, in one place, and on scientific principles, preside, and industry, intelligence, and happiness, tention has been paid. Human labour on our farms that comparisons can be made, or just conclusions would be the fruits, instead of indolence, idleness, has been left almost to its own undisciplined ope- formed. and misery. rations. No science enlightens it; no system regu- The principle of pattern farms, at the expense Such would be the happy change to the country lates it: it is not accompanied in the field by econo- of the state, so long solicited in vain from our legispopulation of Pennsylvania, should the system take my, nor by temperance, nor rewarded at the fire- lature by the politicians of former days, it would root among us and become the substitute for our side of the peasant by content and competence. A perhaps be useless at this moment to attempt to reroad-side schools, which, in general, seem only in- day of undisciplined drudgery, stimulated in the vive. You will see in this project a substitute for tended to expose to travellers the rude state of sci-field by whiskey, is often succeeded in the cabin of these, combining instruction with exhibition. To ence in our country, and the total want of an ap- the cottager, by a night passed in the riot of intem- have some ground to go upon, I have selected Bolpropriate education for its population. perance, or the stupor of intoxication. A week of ton farm, near Bristol, in Pennsylvania, as the lodrunkenness may be purchased by a little more than cality for the first agricultural Institute. It is an a day of labour, and as long as ignorance shall be estate of my son, Mr. James Pemberton Morris, the inheritance of the labourer, intemperance will who puts such parts of it as I may select at my disbe his companion, and his consolation, against that position, uniting in my wishes for the education of listlessness and languor for which the resources of his children in such an institution. The farm conscience are the only substitutes. sists of near 500 acres, is situate in a healthy country, on the verge of the manor of Pennsborough, once the residence of the founder of Pennsylvania, and selected by him for its fertility, and favourable position as to intercourse by land and water; to which natural facilities will soon be added those of the Delaware canal, located near it, and communicating directly with Philadelphia, at the distance of twenty miles from Bolton.

Our moderate farmers and mechanics would find at their doors a liberal and practical system of education prepared for their sons, and the labouring classes would be simultaneously employed and educated, as in the system referred to, the hours of relaxation from bodily labour, are devoted to intellectual improvement.

Next to the farm, it is desirable to find the Fellenberg. This is the most difficult part, but will be surmounted if Mr. Woodbridge, who has received practical instructions at Hoffwyl, will assume that character. Then are to be found the funds, which should come, I think, from the scholars, on the same system that has elevated to so merited an eminence among our scientific institutions, the Medical School of Philadelphia; no stated salary being annexed to each professor's chair, but the whole emolument arising out of the instruction from each, would be apportioned to its particular professor and assistant.

Should we conceal the prevalence of ignorance Thus, labour is made to pay for education, and and intemperance among us, we should never suceducation to be the reward of labour, and both ceed in removing them. It may be too late to hope uniting in the same person to form a character as for reformation or improvement in those farmers different from that of the uninstructed, undisciplin- and labourers, who, having began their career in ed, and often intemperate clown, as the free, in- life without science or system, must expect to finish dustrious and intelligent farmer, mechanic and la-it without profit and without pleasure. But it can bourer of a republic ought to be, from the depen never be too early to lay a new foundation for the dent, degraded and ignorant slave. hopes and the prospects of the rising generation, We may in vain look for reforms from ignorance enlightened by all the discoveries of the present and intemperance in any other source than a good day, and encouraged by the successful efforts and education, of which, perhaps, the best parts are, examples of such patriots as Fellenberg, who have the early formation of good habits, the regular pre- never sought for place beyond the farms cultivated sence of good examples, the sure foundations of by their fathers; nor for power, but over the pasChristian doctrine, and the constant guards of a sions and prejudices of their fellow creatures, and vigilant discipline; all these essential ingredients who, leaving to others the fields of political and seem more easily united in the country, than in ci- party warfare, (in which numbers will never be ties or colleges, and I have never seen them so effi- wanting,) have devoted their lives to the moral and ciently united, as on the farm of the truly illustri-intellectual advancement of man. ous Fellenberg; hence my anxiety to have his sys- An obvious defect in our national character is tem received and naturalized among us, and not thought to originate from the inadequate portion of only because it would be a public blessing, but be-time which is generally devoted to the acquisition cause I wish to see such a system, prepared for that of knowledge, and particularly of elementary and portion of my family which remains to be educated. classical knowledge, as the best foundation for every You must not suppose that I aspire to the character other; and from the miscellaneous and superficial of a reformer; I only claim the merit of endeavour-education which a great number of the American ing to introduce into our own country, and into our youth receive, being neither adapted particularly to own state, a system of education, which I have seen agricultural, professional, commercial, or mechanisuccessfully established in Switzerland, after an ex-cal destinations in life, but leaving the unfortunate My immediate object in this communication, is perience of near twenty years, during which time its subject of such a system to be guided in his after to obtain the expression of your opinion on the operations and results have received the sanction of pursuits, more by the false pride of parents, and subject of it, which I have no other right to solicit, many of the most eminent scientific, literary, and other incidental causes, than by any fixed and per- than that which is founded on a belief that it merits, practically useful men in Europe; among these Imanent principles. A change of system in this re- and will receive, particular respect and attention will now only refer you to the late eminent Profes-spect, would probably do much to promote a change from those classes, especially, whom it more immesor Pictel, and his brother Charles Pictel, of Gene- from an injurious and speculative versatility of cha-diately concerns. It is so far circular, as to be siva, the Count Capo d'Istria, who visited the Insti-racter, to a systematic permanency in the pursuit of milar to those addressed to Mr. Fellenberg, of Hofftute at Hoffwyl, by order of the late Emperor Alex- those objects only, to which an early system of edu- wyl; to Mr. Madison, to Judge Peters, the Presiander, the late hon. Mr. Horner, Mr. Brougham, cation had been directed. and Mr. Jeffries; the commissioners appointed by the Diet of the cantons of Switzerland, and to their report.

Such are the men who have visited, approved, and recommended the Hoffwyl Institution to their respective governments.

Our prejudices lead us to associate all ideas of schools and scholars, with houses, and desks, and benches; while the field itself, the great scene of the farmer and labourer's operations, is seldom suggested as the best school for his practical instruction.

Such, sir, are the outlines of a plan for the introduction into the United States of a system of education believed to be adapted to the character of our country, and especially applicable to those interests and employments, in which the greatest numbers are engaged, and to which, heretofore, the least instruction has been extended.

dent of the Philadelphia Agricultural Society; from
all of whom the most strongly expressed and fa-
vourable opinions have been received, and are in
the hands of the chairman of the Committee on
Agriculture in the House of Representatives.
I am, Sir,
Most respectfully,

Your obedient servant, &c.
ANTHONY MORRIS.

It would probably be a more arduous task to pro- The field lessons and labours, in practical agri-
cure from the legislature of Pennsylvania the pub-culture, at Hoffwyl, are among the most animating
lic patronage it so justly merits, than to establish and instructive exercises of man. It is, perhaps,
an institution by individual efforts, and thus to an- there only that science and labour are seen hand in To JONA. ROBERTS, Esq.
ticipate legislation. We have seen extensive mili-hand, supporting and assisting each other, and that
tary schools rise up and flourish among us, by the a system of education, having its foundation in the

President of the Pennsylvania Agri-}

cultural Society.

DEVON AND SHORT HORN CATTLE. MR. SKINNER, Fauquier county, Va. Jan. 5, 1828. Dear Sir,-In the reports of the last Maryland Cattle Shows, it is remarked, that there were numbers of fine cattle exhibited of the Devon and im proved short horn breeds. Will you, or some of your correspondents, be so good as to inform me at what prices bulls of the improved short horn breed can be procured, of one year old, two years old, and three years old? and from whom? I have been examining the files of the American Farmer, upon the advantages resulting from the employment of oxen in farming operations, instead of horses, and am perfectly satisfied in respect to their general utility, and the economy attending their use. There have occurred, however, some difficulties, which, if they can be obviated, or shewn to be groundless, I shall no longer hesitate upon their employment.

to the fire.

or place them in an oven of moderate warmth, to mancin, le balonzat, le tarne. White Muscat blanc kill the insect. Immediate reeling will supersede d'Alexandrie, Malaga, le sauvignon, le semilion, le ing manner: the necessity of heat, which is done in the follow-malvoisie, la blanquette, l'auba, le corinthe, l'œil de perdrix ou perdrigon. la muscadelle.-Languedoc, the fire in such a manner that one person may con- rulliade, piquepoule, unge, calitor, moulan, spiran, Fill an iron ketile with water and place it over department of Gard-black grapes, Alicante, espaveniently attend it without being too much exposed maroquin-red, muscat rouge, spiran, piquepoule, The hotter your water is kept the better, provided pauvre. An arch kettle would answer best. bourret, terré bourret, clairette, maroquin, raisin de White, Magdelene, unge, muscat, malit doth not boil. Now put in your balls, say sixty voisie ou marnéril, moscat grec ou d'Espagne, joubi, to begin with. Have in readiness a small brush, doucet, calitor, colombeau, galet, servant, clairette, Provence-black, le morréballs about, and in a little time you will have a sufgué, le catalan, la brune, l'olivetto, l'uni, le spagnen made of about a dozen twigs, with this stir your muscat de magdeline. ficient number of fibres collected to make a thread, ou gros noir d'Espagne, le crussen--white, l'aragwhen you may commence reeling. If some of the nan, l'aragnan muscat, le clarette, l'uni roux, le fibres break or give out, the person at the kettle, by muscat blanc-second class, pascau, l'aubier, le verthe help of the brush, will readily collect a few deaux, le rondeia, le panseau, d'olivetto, le junin, more, which will be easily united to the thread by raisinet ou raisin de demoiselles, le long et gros, a stroke of the thumb and finger. For reeling, two guillaume, le barbaroux. Roquevaire, besides yieldhands will be necessary, one at the reel and one at ing muscat, has a great trade in dry fruits; the Can oxen be used in the shovel plough, so as to the kettle. It is unnecessary to describe the man- kinds most proper for this purpose, are la panse, le plough corn, or put in wheat? Can they be subner of twisting, doubling, &c. stituted for horses in conveying our flour, &c., to a To preserve your verdal, l'aragnan, le gros sicilien blanc, and the market fifty miles distant, over a turnpike road? seed, take any number of the best looking balls, panse muscat. (shod, of course.) Can they be used in fallowing in clear them well of the tow, and lay them in any the months of August and September? (We have convenient place, or you may string them with a needle and thread, and hang them up. In ten or been in the habit of employing them to assist in twelve days, your millers will come out. Spread a hauling wheat from the field in July.) When to a sheet or sheets of paper on a table-put your milwagon, which is preferable, the yoke or harness? Your correspondents seem to disagree materially lers on the paper-in about three days they will deon this point. What is the best method of hitch-posit their eggs and die-fold up your paper and dispose of it according to the instructions already given. ing one or two pair to a plough? With less information than I have given, a few Satisfactory answers to the above questions will be gratefully received through the medium of the years ago, I commenced the growing of silk, and you may judge of my success by the sample sent. I remain, with due respect, your friend, CALVIN MORRELL.

"Farmer."

A READER.

HORTICULTURE.

Corsica produces the following: L'Angiola ou pisána, Trebiano, la paradisa, l'ambrostina forte dulce, la Nera Romana, le moscadello, le Penzutello, la malvasia. Spain-red and grey fruit: Ximenes. Ximenus Zambron, le Listan commun, for wine, table use and dry fruit, moscatel menudo blanco, for wine, and le moscatel gordo blanco, for dry fruit, Peruno commun, le calgadera, le jean blanc, for brandy, le doradillo l'almunecar or uva passa, for raisins. le montuo peruno, le peruno duro, le montuo de pilas, for common wine and raisins.

morillon

rouge,

because introduced into that section

Many cultivators apply different names to the same vine. The gamel noir is called by some the [The quality of the silk enclosed in the above, pinaut. The Morillon noir is called auvernal, beconfirms the opinion before expressed, and founded cause it originated in Auvergne. In Auvergne it is on similar evidence, that worms fed on the leaf of known as the pinaut; near Paris it is known as the our native black mulberry, yield finer and stronger immediately from Mont Morillon. The same grape silk than that which is imported. There is in the in Burgundy is called the fromenteau. In Malvoisie garden at the garrison at Annapolis, a very large it produces the excellent wine of that name. In and apparently old mulberry tree, that is altogether peculiar and unlike any we have seen, or read of Champagne it yields the Sillery wine;-so that in Michaux, or elsewhere. Its fruit is black and of we may conclude that this is one of the best wine fruits. The meunier at Montreuil and in Burthe size and flavour of the white mulberry tree; but its leaves are far more numerous than that of any other mulberry tree, and entirely dissimilar in shape, colour, &c., the upper surface is of a very deep green and as glossy and shining as oiled silk last summer.]

ON THE CULTURE OF SILK-with samples. FRIEND SKINNER, New Village, (Ohio) 1st Jan., 1828. In my last letter, I enclosed the silk-worm eggs, which I had before promised. With this you will receive four skeins of silk, made from the common red mulberry, indigenous to this country. I should be glad if you would test the strength of this silk with some of the same quality made from the white mulberry. The red yielding a more substantial food than the white, must, in my opinion, make the strongest texture of silk. As I am a well wisher to the silk business, so I have been much pleased with the perusal of many valuable pieces on that subject cloth. Our notice was attracted to it by accident force it into the young and growing berry. A

in your useful work. I have, however, one fault to find with the whole of them. They are too lengthy for a beginner.

I have concluded to give a miniature view of the whole process necessary to the growing of silk, if you will have the goodness to lend me a small corner in one of your pages- which I shall do in as few words as possible, that I may not crowd on other useful matter.

room.

BEST FRENCH GRAPES.
W. R. PRINCe, Esq.

Richmond, December 27, 1827.
Dear Sir,-Thinking that it would please you to
know the names of the best grapes cultivated in
the different provinces of France, I shall devote
this sheet to information on that subject.

Burgundy, department of Soane and Loire and Silk worm eggs should be put in a tight box, so Villefranche-Pineau, noir et blanc, le tresseau, as to secure them from the depredation of ants, and le ronçair, le gamme; the last the most abundant placed on a shelf in a dry cellar. As soon as the bearer, but the fruit and wine inferior to those first mulberry leaves put forth in the spring, bring them mentioned. In Sens, besides these, le saumoreau, up and expose them to the air of a common sitting le melier and les gois. Department of Côte d'or-In two or three days they will begin to le noirens, les pineau, best--second class, le gibou hatch. Lay your leaves on them, to which they dot, le melon noir, le gamme, these are red. The will soon attach themselves, and will be easily re- white fruits are, le chaudenay, le melon blanc, le moved to small boards, and from these to shelves, narbonne ou chasselas and the gamme. The best and the shelves multiplied in proportion to their red fruits of the department of Soane and Loire, growth. Care must be taken to clean the shelves are, le bourgignon, le chanay and le bronde every two or three days. The worms should be The best white fruits are, the chardonnat and moved soon after being fed, when they will be prin-bourgignon. Champagne, the wines of Marne cipally on the leaves. When they discover an in clination to wind, which will easily be known by their beginning to travel or crawl about, set up bushes for them to make their balls on. in less than ten days after they begin to wind, remove the balls from the bushes and expose them to the sun,

most famous. Best red fruits, les morillons, les pi
neaux, les meuniers and the fromentés. White-les
épinettes and dorés-Guienne and Gascony, depart
ment of Gironde—for red wines, Muscat noir and
gris, le Malaga noir et gris, grand et petit vidure.
le carmenet, verdot petit, la petouille, l'Alicante, le

gundy, is called taconet, and it produces the wine
of Tonnere. Opinion here varies as to the pro-
priety of removing the wood beyond the fruit in
what is called the summer pruning. The object is
to arrest the sap
after the flowering is over, and to

French author, consulted on the subject, remarks:
that this operation is sometimes dangerous and many
times useless. In a rainy season, the branches
which have been stopped, throw out new wood
from the inferior eyes and from the insertion of
each leaf; these new shoots take an oblique direc-
tion and prevent the access of the sun and air, ren-
der the vine top heavy and cause the branches to
fall one upon another. On the other hand, in a dry
season, it opens the vine too much to the influence
of the sun, and frequently prevents the growth of
the fruit. The treatment can only be useful in
those years when the vines push vigorously and
when the shoots crowd upon one another. About
the end of August, when the shoots which have
formed since the stopping, (and which spring from
beneath the eyes of the new wood,) offer an impe-
diment to the circulation of the air and influence of
the sun, be careful to remove them--and should the
season prove a wet one, repeat the work towards
the time of the vintage to prevent the rotting of the
grapes. In dry and warm seasons, this operation
performed before the 15th of August, is hurtful-it
causes the sun to burn and wither the fruit Grapes
are said to ripen in France in one hundred days
after the falling of the blossom. I do not know
that it holds good in America. Yours, &c.

D. N. NORTON.

INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT.

CHESAPEAKE AND DELAWARE CANAL Communication from the President and Directors. Sir,-The President and Directors of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Company, have had the pleasure to receive from the clerk of the Council, a resolution of the House of Delegates of Ma ryland, requesting information on certain points, relative to the public work under their charge. They take the earliest opportunity to communicate this information, from a sense of duty towards a state which has aided public and private effort in the construction of a great and arduous work, which they believe will prove of signal benefit, not merely to those directly concerned in it, but to the nation and people in general.

The sums which have been subscribed to this work, and the sources from which they have been derived, are:

The subscription of individual stockholders at present amounting to The subscription of the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States,

The subscription of the Philadelphia Bank, by order of the state of Pennsylvania,

The subscription of the Treasurer

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3268 shares

1500

500

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$1,025,923

This leaves the amount of subscription ap-
plicable to the present work,
The amount of subscriptions being thus
insufficient to complete the work, the
board was authorised by the stock-
holders, at their general meeting on
the 5th of June, 1826, to raise such ad-
ditional sum of money as might be ne-
cessary for that purpose. In pursuance
of that authority they have negotiated
three different loans, on terms advanta-
geous to the company, viz:

A loan on the 10th July, 1826, for
A loan on the 14th January, and 15th Au-
gust, 1827, for

A loan on the 10th January, 1828, for

$2,025,923 Of this latter loan the whole amount remains to be expended, and is deemed by the board sufficient for the completion of the work.

South, and a connecting quay of five hundred feet | comparatively small. It consists, chiefly, in the re-
along the shore.
maining excavation of the deep cut; in the comple-
Of the canal itself, sections 1 and 2 are finished. tion of the embankment through the meadows; and
Section 3, embracing the excavation through St. of section 4, in the walling of the sides of the ca-
George's meadows, has proved, owing to the pecu-nal, and in the dressing and finishing of the work.
liar nature of the soil, a most arduous portion of The expenditure which will yet be required, the
the work, far exceeded in expense and difficulty, Board estimate at about 300,000, the amount of the
the calculations of the engineers and the board. last loan. The remarkable state of the weather
This arose from the sinking of the embankments during the present winter, has of course been great-
which were required to form the canal; and so greatly unfavourable to a rapid prosecution of the work;
was it, that the heavy material has occasionally but the board believe that they are not at all too
forced up the fluid mud at the bottom of the canal sanguine in anticipating that the period of comple-
from the depth of forty and even fifty feet-so that tion will be early in the ensuing autumn. They
the workmen have been in many instances compell- trust that before the close of the year an active trade
ed to dig that number of feet, in order to procure will be seen on the surface of the canal.
six feet of canal. These difficulties are believed to As to the permanency of the work, the Board
be conquered, although there may be still some have no reason to doubt any portion of it. That
slight settling of the banks in particular spots which which has been for some time finished, exhibits no
can be filled up at leisure. A dredging machine is marks of material injury, although peculiarly ex-
employed in removing any bars that may remain, posed to it from the neglected state which is neces-
or earth that has accumulated in the bottom, and sarily attendant upon works, while in progress.—
already a brisk intercourse is carried on for the The additional efforts made to secure the stability
purposes of the work in sloops and other vessels of the canal, through the meadows, have been al-
through this portion of the canal. It may be add-ready alluded to, and though they have caused an
ed, that troublesome and expensive as this section increased expense, they appear to have proved
has proved, the board are confirmed in opinion, quite effectual. The same may be said with regard
that of all the various projects which have been to the walling of the banks, which is eminently cal-
suggested for the formation of these banks, none culated to save future expenditure, to increase the
but that which has been pursued, would ever have speed of transportation, and to guard against the
proved effectual, or led to any satisfactory issue, injuries of time.
and that consequently this will, in the end, not only
be the most permanent, but the most economical.
Section 4, is in a great degree completed, all be-
ing finished, except a portion at the western end,
which, embracing embankment to be formed from
excavation in other parts of the line, must be left
to the close of the work.

Having thus replied to all the points on which information has been requested, it only remains for me to add, that the sanguine hopes which were entertained by the proprietors of this great work, have suffered no diminution during its progress; but that they still look forward to its completion, as an event which will amply reward those who have interested themselves in it; and, what must be a subject of more general gratification, as a new and important link in the chain which unites firmly together at once the people of the north and south, and the different states of the Union.

I have the honour to remain, with great respect,
Your obedient servant,

On section 5, a very difficult and by far the larg-
est portion of the work, the excavation already done
is about three millions of cubic yards. This amount,
in fact, somewhat exceeds the total quantity origi-
nally estimated to be done; and the excess has
arisen from the earth washed in, while the work
was suspended, by the injunction of the court of
chancery of Delaware, and from causes always in-
cident to canal excavations, and especially to deep
cuttings; of course the proportion of excavation to
be done is small, and the precise amount could only To his Excel. Gov. KENT.
be obtained from the engineers on the line. It has
not, however, been thought of sufficient importance
to warrant the delay that would be necessary to ob-
tain it.

The remaining sections, 6 and 7, are finished. It
may be interesting to add, that throughout these
sections the canal has been so constructed as to give
a depth of ten feet water instead of eight, as origi
$350,000 nally contemplated; and the locks are built with the
same view-thus making the Chesapeake and Dela-
350,000 ware canal throughout, one of ten feet depth of
300,000 water. The wailing of the sides of the canal, which
was originally contemplated only to a very limited
extent, has been greatly enlarged, and is pushed
towards completion with all possible rapidity.
The terms on which the work has been done,
have of course varied with the different contracts.
On the sections through the meadows, the excava-
tions may average about twenty cents a yard, white
the embankment costs from ten to thirty cents, ac-
cording to the distance from which the earth is car-
ried. On section 4, the average for embankment is
about sixteen cents; on section 5, for excavation,
about forty cents; on sections 6 and 7, for excava-
tion and embankment, about fourteen cents.
average cost of walling, which has been greatly in-
creased by the necessity of transporting a great
part of the materials required, for a considerable
distance by land, may be fixed at about four dollars
a perch.

The proportion of the work that has been completed is very considerable.

All the locks, as well as the two tide locks, and the two lift locks are completed, presenting four noble and substantial works of solid masonry, and con taining not less than eight thousand perches of stone The large bridge at the summit has been comple ted for more than twelve months, and presents every appearance of security. The smaller ones at New bold's, St. George's and Turner's, are so far ad vanced that they may be put into use without delay, as soon as required.

The Delaware harbour has been formed to a considerable extent, viz: two hundred and twenty feet of wharf on the north side, a like distance on the

The

From the preceding statement, it will be seen that the proportion of the work to be completed is

JAMES C. FISHER, President Chesapeake and Del. Canal Company. Philadelphia, 31st January, 1828.

LADIES' DEPARTMENT.

(From the Liverpool Chronicle.)
MUSIC.

The following elegant stanzas, never before pub-
lished, are from the pen of Miss BROWME, a young
lady of fifteen years of age. Her compositions give
promise of the unfolding of a genius not inferior to
any poetess of the present day. A volume of her
productions is already before the public, under the
title of "Mont Blanc and other poems.”
"Tis not in the harp's soft melting tone,
That music and harmony dwell alone;
"Tis not in the voice, so tender and clear,
That come like an angel's strain o'er the ear;
They both are sweet, but o'er dale and hill,
For me there's as beautiful music still.
I hear it in every murmuring breath,
That moves the bells of the purple heath;
In the watch-dog's bark, in the shepherd's song,
In the rustic's laugh, as it echoes along;
In the whizzing sound of the wild bird's wing,
There's music, there's music in every thing.
There's music in the first love sigh,
That answers the glance of the melting eye;
And wafts it home to the lover's heart,
And bids his idle fears depart;
And raises the trembling blush in the cheek,
And says far more than words can speak.

There's music, too, in the evening breeze,
When it shakes the blossoms from the trees,
And wafts them into the moon-lit heaven,
Like fairy barks from their anchors driven;
And they, through the clear and cloudless night,
Float in a waveless sea of light.

There's a music, too, when the winds are high,
And the clouds are sailing through the sky;
When ocean foams and lashes the shore,
When the lightnings flash and the thunders roar;
Yes, e'en in the tempest's jubilee,

There's music, and grandeur, and beauty for me.
There's music, sweet music, where insects play,
When they burst into life and the light of day,
And shake such sounds from their shining wings,
As the wind makes in murmuring o'er the harp-
strings,

In the song of the birds, in the rippling streams;
Oh! these are such sounds as we hear in our dreams.
There's a music unheard, that is only felt,
In the bosom where passionate feelings have dwelt;
Where the purest and warmest of thoughts have
blent

To tune the heart like an instrument:
From whose chords, as time hath o'er them flown,
His wing hath but wakened a tender tone.

There's music most bless'd in the house of prayer,
Aye, the sweetest and loveliest of music is there;
When innocent voices together blend,
And their mingled tones above ascend:
There is the holiest music given,
From the heart's warm altar up to heaven.

SPORTING OLIO.

FOX HUNTING.

The Baltimore pack were thrown into Gen. Stansbury's covers, at 9 o'clock on Friday last. In less than ten minutes they unkennelled two reds. One went off, with the fastest dogs, beyond White Marsh, taking a stretch of seven miles. The other went above Buck tavern, doubled, came back to the eight mile stone; ran in short circles there, giving fine sport, and was pushed to his earth and dug out at half past twelve.

[Extract from a member of the Potomac Hunt, dated Feb. 6th, 1828.]

slut, turns out good; not fast, but to use his own A lax, bending pastern, denotes also speed; a words, "she pins a trail," and is perfectly game.-long horse is preferable to a short one, because he The Saturday before I went to D. killed can cover a great deal of ground, and can bear

a red and grey, and since then he has killed two pressing better and longer. reds and two greys. I do not think there are three The race-horse, upon the whole, whose form in foxes within five miles of the bridge, for yesterday general, is composed of the essential properties of we drew Piney hill, Factory hills, Javen's hills, the following animals, viz. the rabbit, greyhound, Burch's hill, and every cover from the four mile and ostrich-is the best. run to Arlington. If the river should close, we may December 6, 1827. expect some from the eastern branch hills, where I am told they are plenty.

(For the American Farmer.) THE BLOODED HORSE.

Most respectfully inscribed to the Amateur, Breeder, Sportsman and Trainer of the American RaceHorse.

GORWOOD.

MISCELLANEOUS.

THE LIVERWORT.

To the Editors of the National Intelligencer: GENTLEMEN,--You have frequently served the cause of suffering humanity, by giving circulation to important discoveries made in the healing art. I How to choose a race-horse by his external ap-beg your indulgence to state, for the good of the pearance, and to be a judge of his symmetry by public, that, since the winter of 1825-6, I have had angular demonstration:

RULES.

1st. Draw a base line from the stifle joint along the bottom of the chest to the extreme point of the elbow, and to the shoulder blade joint.

2dly. Draw a line from the curb or hock by the hip joint above the back, to an imaginary point. 3dly. Draw another line from the point of the shoulder, ranging with the shoulder and passing above the back until it intersects the line at the imaginary point.

4thly. Draw a line from the intersecting point of the shoulders, giving the same declension until it

intersects the base line.

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7thly. Then draw a straight line, regardless of the curve of the back, to a straight line intersected at the shoulder at the beginning of the crest. Sthly. Then take a line from the point of the shoulder, and angular degree, ranging with the shoulder blade to the top of the crest.

three violent attacks of an inflammation of the liver, each subsequent attack worse than the former; that I have thrice undergone salivation, to the manifest injury of my constitution; that, soon after the effect of the third salivation was wearing off, I had an addition to my affliction of the most painful kind, viz: bleeding from the lungs. To check the progress of which, the first remedy resorted to, was that recommended by the immortal Doctor Rush. I swallowed as much fine salt as my situation would admit of. This generally checked the bleeding for a season. I also had recourse to blood letting from the arm; to the application of leeches on my breast; and to cupping: all of which I know, by experience, to be serviceable for a time. I have also submitted to blistering, which afforded some relief. In fine, from my first attack till recently, I was under the full impression that the breast or lung consumption had taken fast hold on me, notwithstanding my family physician, Doctor Jones, assured me to the contrary, repeatedly, to whose opinion I now gladly assent.

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As soon as I saw Doctor Hereford's publication of the beneficial effects produced by the drinking of the Liverwort tea, I determined to give the liverwort a fair trial in my case; and accordingly pro9thly. Then, regardless of the rising of the crest, cured a supply, which I have used for near three draw a straight line from the top of the shoulder- months as my only drink, nourishing liquids exceptblade to intersect with the point of the former line. ed. Since I commenced drinking the liverwort tea, Thus, the real symmetry of a grand and beauti-I have had no return of spitting of blood, and my ful horse, possessed with muscular powers and strength, is formed by a right angled triangle-and the farther from it a race-horse's form is, the less pretensions that horse has to beauty, speed, bottom or lastingness, ability to carry weight, or activity.

A thick upright shoulder, is a very certain mark of a "stumbler," and is fit for no use whatever but the slow draught.

A low coupling in the back, is a true mark of weakness; it denotes want of strength, lastingness, ability to carry weight, or speed.

A low loin is a certain mark of weakness, and a weakly and washy constitution.

But a rising loin, of ability to carry weight, speed, activity and lastingness, and a good constitution, symmetry, beauty, and muscular strength.

A race-horse's legs cannot be too short. A great declivity, and thin shoulder, denotes speed.

A narrow breast, weakness.

A horse's breast bone, formed like that of the rabbit, denotes also speed, and is the best form for a race-horse.

I have yours of last evening. I was out yesterday--found at half past 1 o'clock in Arlington wood; went to the falls. On returning only three dogs at him out of twenty; doubled and went back to the falls, when the three dogs picked up about a dozen more; went to Gen. Jones', to Leesburg road, and back by Doctor's branch and Chapman's field, to Ar- A short, broad hock, denotes strength; a broad lington and Georgetown ferry, where the cry ceased; stifle, well let down to the curb or hock, denotes and soon after I heard the horn, but did not go bottom or lastingness, strength and activity. down, as it was near dark. His last circle was at' There are not two race-horses in five hundred, least fifteen miles, and the dogs ran without check. properly formed in the knees; which should be His standing up as long as he did, proves that he small, divested of superfluous appendages, and has been on the stage before. Clio, friend B- -'s strong; they de note activity and strength.

strength has rapidly improved. When I call to mind my former situation, as before described, under the operation of salivation, blistering, the use of the lancet, and all the accompanying attendants on a debilitated constitution, not the least of which was the danger of strangling, from the great quantity of blood issuing from the lungs-to relieve me of which thirty leeches have been applied to my breast at one time, and thirty-nine incisions made on my breast for the use of the cupping instruments. Having experienced all this distress, and infinitely more than I can describe, during the past spring and summer, (as often as twice in one month the distress arising from bleeding at the lungs,) and now to find myself free from this alarming visitor, and all the other evils brought in its train, such as leeches, cupping, &c. the whole benefit resulting from the use of the liverwort tea, (for a period but little over two months,) with my health and strength improved-imparts to me a felicity truly gratifying, and which I desire to make known, for the benefit of all who may be similarly affected. All such I exhort to give the liverwort tea a fair trial, and be attentive to their diet; for I have the best ground for believing that it was reserved for the liverwort, through the blessing of Divine Providence, to do for me what all other expedients had failed to effect. And, from the experience I have had of this healing plant, I am of the opinion that all those afflicted with that distressing complaint, the obstruction

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