Polarisation of Light

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Macmillan and Company, 1876 - Polarization (Light) - 129 pages
 

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Page 106 - ... and 90° the rings will be contracted and extended in opposite quadrants, until at 45° they are divided by two diagonals, on each side of which the colours are complementary. Beyond 45° the rings begin to coalesce, until at 90° the four quadrants coincide again.
Page 114 - EEO EOO OEE OOE EEE EOE The complementary pairs can then be read off, two horizontally and two vertically, by taking alternate pairs, one in each of the two vertical, and two in the one horizontal row ; and each image will then represent the mixture of the three tints suppressed in the complementary image. Low-tint Colours. — A slight modification of the arrangement above described furnishes an illustration of the conclusions stated by Helmholtz, viz. that the low-tint colours (couleurs degradees),...
Page 108 - The results of combining two or more colours of the spectrum have been studied by Helmholtz, Clerk Maxwell, Lord Rayleigh, and others ; and the combinations have been effected sometimes by causing two spectra at right angles to one another to overlap, and sometimes by bringing images of various parts of a spectrum simultaneously upon the retina. Latterly also W. v. Bezold has successfully applied the method of binocular combination to the same problem (Poggendorff, Jubelband, p. 585). Some effects,...
Page 113 - Combination of two Colours. — A similar train of reasoning might be applied to the triple overlaps. But the main interest of these parts of the figure consists in this, that each of the triple overlaps is complementary to the fourth single image ; since the re-combination of all four must reproduce white light.
Page 57 - These definitions being premised, if a film of selenite is placed on the diaphragm with its intermediate section to the left of the plane of reflexion, the successive polarisation is direct or rigHt-handed ; if, on the contrary, it is placed to the right of that plane, the successive polarisation is left-handed. The ray polarised in the intermediate section is therefore the most retarded ; and as that section is considered to be equivalent to a single optic axis, the crystal is positive. " In one...
Page 57 - ... cleavable into thin laminae capable of showing the colours of polarized light, it is most frequently employed in experiments on chromatic polarization. The laminae into which this substance most readily splits, contain in their planes the two optic axes ; polarized light transmitted through such laminae is resolved in two rectangular directions, which respectively bisect the angles formed by the two optic axes : the line which bisects the smallest angle is called the intermediate section ; and...
Page 114 - Helmholtz, viz. that the low-tint colours (couleurs degrade'es'), such as russet, brown, olive-green, peacock-blue, &c., are the result of relatively low illumination. He mentioned that he obtained these effects by diminishing the intensity of the light in the colours to be examined, and by, at the same time, maintaining a brilliantly illuminated patch in an adjoining part of the field of view. If therefore we use the combination...
Page 55 - A plate of black glass, G, is fixed at an angle of 3° to the horizon. The film to be examined is to be placed on a diaphragm, D, so that the light reflected at the...
Page 58 - ... therefrom. The principal section is that which contains the two optic axes. If the film is placed on the diaphragm with its principal section inclined 45° to the left of the plane of reflection, the successive polarization is right-handed. The ray, therefore, polarized in the section which contains the optic axes is the one transmitted with the greatest velocity.

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