History. day; which day the lord governor, and all the principal both spiritual Scottish and temporal lords, departed from Edinburgh to their other business. After they were departed, came the dean of Restalrig to him A.D. again, and reasoned with him after his wit; who answered as before, He would say nothing concerning his faith, but as the Scripture tes- 1558. tifieth, yea, though an angel came from heaven to persuade him to the same; saving that he confessed himself to have received good consolation of the said dean in other behalf, as becometh a Christian. Then after came in sir Hugh Terry again, and examined him after his old manner, and said he would gar devils to come forth of him ere even. To whom he answered, "You should rather be a godly man to give me consolation in my case. When I knew you were come, I prayed God I might resist your temptations; which, I thank him, he hath made me able to do: therefore I pray you, let me alone in peace." Then he asked of one of the officers that stood by, "Is your fire making ready?" Who told him, it was. He answered, "As it pleaseth God; I am ready soon or late, as it shall please him." And then he spake to one faithful in that company, and bade him commend him to all the faithful, being sure to meet together with them in heaven. From that time, to his forthcoming to the fire, spake no man with him. 1550 to for- The prohad Edin vost of the burgh for biddeth to speak. Wallace At his forthcoming, the provost, with great menacing words, bade him to speak to any man, or any to him; as belike he commandment of his superiors. Coming from the town to Castle Hill, the common people said, "God have mercy upon him." Wallace "And on you too," said he. Being beside the fire, he lifted up his The eyes to heaven twice or thrice, and said to the people, "Let it not words of offend you that I suffer death this day for the truth's sake; for the disciple is not greater than his master." Then was the provost angry that he spake. Then looked he to heaven again, and said, "They will not let me speak." The cord being about his neck, the fire was lighted, and so departed he to God constantly, and with good countenance, to our sights.' to the people. in Scot friar, that the should The Schism that arose in Scotland for the Pater Noster. After that Richard Marshall, doctor of divinity, and prior of the A schism Black Friars at Newcastle in England, had declared in his preaching land by a at St. Andrews in Scotland, that the Lord's Prayer (commonly called blackthe Pater-noster) should be done only to God, and not to saints, preaching neither to any other creature; the doctors of the university of St. PaterAndrews, together with the grey friars, who had long ago taught the poster people to pray the Pater-noster to saints, had great indignation that not be their old doctrine should be repugned, and stirred up a grey friar, saints called friar Tottis, to preach again to the people, that they should and might pray the Pater-noster to saints; who, finding no part of the Scripture to found his purpose upon, yet came to the pulpit the 1st of November, being the feast of All-hallows, A.D. 1551, and took the text of the gospel for that day read in their mass, written in Matthew v., containing these words; "Blessed are the poor in spirit, for to them pertaineth the kingdom of heaven." (1) Ex testimoniis et literis è Scotia petitis, A.D. 1550. [Knox gives a different public examination, and concludes by saying that Wallace patiently sustained the fire, the same day at afternoon.'-ED.] said to History. 1551 to The doc trine of the pa pists holdeth, Scottish This feeble foundation being laid, the friar began to reason most impertinently, that the Lord's Prayer might be offered to saints, A.D. because every petition thereof appertaineth to them. "For if we meet an old man in the street," said he, “ we will say to him, 'Good1558. day, father!' and therefore much more may we call the saints our fathers; and because we grant also that they be in heaven, we may say to every one of them, 'Our Father which art in heaven: farther, God hath made their names holy, and therefore ought we, as followers of God, to hold their names holy; and so we may say to any of the saints, 'Our Father which art in heaven, hallowed be thy name.' And for the same cause," said the friar, as they are in the kingdom of heaven, so that kingdom is theirs by possession; and so, and why. praying for the kingdom of heaven, we may say to them, and every Blasphe- one of them, Thy kingdom come.' And except their will had been mous the very will of God, they had never come to that kingdom. And against therefore, seeing their will is God's will, we may say with every one of them, Thy will be done.' that the Paternoster may be said to saints, doctrine the glory of God. A friarly glossing Pater noster. But when the friar came to the fourth petition, touching our daily upon the bread, he began to be astonished and ashamed, so that he did sweat abundantly, partly because his sophistry began to fail him (not The finding such a colour for that part, as for the other which went sophistry before), and partly because he spake against his own knowledge and here fail- conscience; and so he was compelled to confess that it was not in eth him. the saints' power to give us our daily bread, but that they should friar's tish pro verb. pray to God for us, "that we," said he, "may obtain our daily bread by their intercession:" and so glossed he the rest to the end. Not standing yet content with this detestable doctrine, he affirmed, most blasphemously, that St. Paul's napkin, and St. Peter's shadow, did miracles, and that the virtue of Elijah's cloak divided the waters; attributing nothing to the power of God: with many other errors of the papists, horrible to be heard. Upon this followed, incontinent, a dangerous schism in the church of Scotland for not only the clergy, but the whole people were divided among themselves, one defending the truth, and another the A Scot papistry; in such sort that there rose a proverb, "To whom say you your Pater-noster ?" And although the papists had the upper hand as then, whose words were almost holden for law (so great was the blindness of that age), yet God so inspired the hearts of the common people, that so many as could get the understanding of the bare words of the Lord's Prayer in English (which was then said in Latin), utterly detested that opinion, holding that it should in no wise be said to saints: so that the craftsmen and their servants in their booths, when the friar came, exploded him with shame enough, crying, driven "Friar Pater-Noster!" "Friar Pater-Noster!" who at the last Andrews. being convicted in his own conscience, and ashamed of his former sermon, was compelled to leave the town of St. Andrews. Friar Pater noster out of St. In the mean time of this bruit, there were two pasquils set on the Abbey Church, the one in Latin, bearing these words: 'Doctores nostri de collegio Concludunt idem cum Lucifero, De mandato officialis, Ad instantiam fiscalis Gaw et Harvey 1, non varii The other in English, bearing these words: Scottish History. A. D. 1551 to 1558. 'Doctors of Theology, of fourscore of years, They would be called Rabbi and Magister noster! tion in they say their noster. Shortly, the Christians were so hotly offended, and the Papists on Disputathe other side so proud and wilful, that necessary it was, to eschew Scotland greater inconveniences, that the clergy, at least, should be assembled to whom to dispute and conclude the whole matter, that the lay people might should be put out of doubt. This being done, and the university agreed, Paterwhosoever had been present might have heard much subtle sophistry; for some of the popish doctors affirmed that it should be said to God "formalitèr," and to saints "materialitèr." Others, "ultimatè, et non ultimatè." Others said it should be said to God " principalitèr, and to saints" minus principalitèr." Others that it should be said to God "primariè," and to saints "secundariè." Others that it should be said to God "capiendo strictè," and to saints "capiendo large." These vain distinctions being heard and considered by the people, they that were simple, remained in greater doubtfulness than they were in before; so that a well aged man, and a servant to the The ansub-prior of St. Andrews, called the sub-prior's Thome, being de- world manded to whom he said his Pater-noster, answered, "To God man. only." Then they asked again, "What should be said to the saints?" He answered, "Give them aves and creeds enough in the devil's A doctorname, for that may suffice them well enough, albeit they do spoil why the God of his right." Others, making their vaunts of the doctors, said, noster that because Christ (who made the Pater-noster) never came into should be the isle of Britain, and so understood not the English tongue, there- Latin. fore it was that the doctors concluded it should be said in Latin. an ly reason Pater said in cil of could not whom This perturbation and open slander yet depending, it was thought The coungood to call a provincial council to decide the matter; which being Edinassembled at Edinburgh, the papists, being destitute of reason, de- burgh fended their parts with lies, alleging that the university of Paris had agree to concluded, that the Lord's Prayer should be said to saints. But, they because that could not be proved, and that they could not prevail should by reason, they used their will in place of reason, and sometimes Paterdespiteful, and injurious talk: as friar Scot, being asked of one to whom he should say the Pater-noster, he answered, saying, "Say it to the devil, knave." So the council, perceiving they could profit nothing by reasoning, were compelled to pass to voting.3 say their noster. But then, incontinent, they that were called churchmen were found The friars divided and repugnant among themselves: for some bishops, with and prethe doctors and friars, consented that the Pater-noster should be said could not (1) Master D. Gaw and Master Thomas Harvey were two procurators. (2) Pater-noster to be said to God formalitèr,' and to saints materialitèr.' 'Ultimatè,' to God, 'non ultimatè,' to saints. Principalitèr,' to God, minus principalitèr,' to saints. 'Primarie, to God, secundariè,' to saints. Strictè,' to God, 'large,' to saints. (3) That is, to the numbering of voices. lates to Scottish to saints; but the bishops of St. Andrews, Caithness and Athens, History with other learned men, refused utterly to subscribe to the same. A.D. Finally, with consent of both the parties, commission was given by 1551 the holy church to dean John Winryme,' then sub-prior of St. Andrews, to declare to the people how, and after what manner, they should pray the Lord's Prayer: who, accepting of the commission, declared that it should be said to God; with some other restrictions, which are not necessary to be put in memory. And so, by little and little, the bruit and tumult ceased.2 1558. agree about saying the Pater noster. A. D. 1558. The Martyrdom of the blessed Servant of God, Walter Mille. Among the rest of the martyrs of Scotland, the marvellous constancy of Walter Mille is not to be passed over with silence; out of whose ashes sprang thousands of his opinion and religion in Scotland, who altogether chose rather to die, than to be any longer overtrodden by the tyranny of the aforesaid cruel, ignorant, and brutal bishops, abbots, monks, and friars. And so began the congregation of Scotland to debate the true religion of Christ against the Frenchmen and papists, who sought always to depress and keep down the same; for it began soon after the martyrdom of Walter Mille, of which the form hereafter followeth. In the year of our Lord, 1558, in the time of Mary duchess of Longueville, queen regent of Scotland, and the said John Hamilton being bishop of St. Andrews, and primate of Scotland, this Walter Mille (who in his youth had been a papist), after he had been in Almain, and had heard the doctrine of the gospel, returned again into Scotland; and, setting aside all papistry and compelled chastity, married a wife; which thing made him unto the bishops of Scotland contrary to be suspected of heresy: and, after long watching of him he was popish taken by two popish priests, one called sir George Strachen, and ried. the other, sir Hugh Terry, servants to the said bishop for the time, Taken by within the town of Dysart in Fife, and brought to St. Andrews and Mille, to his vow, mar two popish priests. Conci imprisoned in the castle thereof. He, being in prison, the papists earnestly travailed and laboured to have seduced him, and threatened him with death and corporal torments, to the intent they might cause him to recant and forsake the truth. But seeing they could profit nothing thereby, and that he remained still firm and constant, they laboured to persuade him by fair promises, and offered unto him a monk's portion, for all the days of his life, in the abbey of Dunfermling, so that he would deny the things he had taught, and grant that they were heresy; but he, continuing in the truth even unto the end, despised their threatenings and fair promises. Then assembled together the bishops of St. Andrews, Moray, lium ma- Brechin, Caithness, and Athens, the abbots of Dunfermling, Lindores, Balindrinot, and Cowpers,5 with doctors of theology of St. lignan tium. 4 (1) This Winram is now become a godly minister in the church of God, and a married man. (2) Ex testim. è Scotia allato. (3) Athens.' The pope had conferred on Alexander Gordon the empty title of archbishop of Athens, accompanied by a promise of the next vacant see, in consequence of Gordon's nomination to the see of Glasgow having been over-ruled by the court of Rome, about the year 1547. Gordon was made bishop of the Isles in 1553, and translated from thence to Galloway about the year 1558; but he always retained the title of archbishop of Athens.'-See Keith's Scottish Bishops (4to Edin. 1755), p. 175; also p. 166.-ED. (4) Balindrinot.' Balmerino. (5) Cowpers.' Coupar or Cupar.-ED. History. scarce the pul God contrary Andrews; as John Grison, black friar, and dean John Winryme, Scottish The Articles whereof Walter Mille was accused, with his Answers. Mille :-' I hold it a blessed bond; for Christ himself maintained it, and approved the same, and also made it free to all men. But you think it not free to you; ye abhor it, and in the mean time take other men's wives and daughters; and will not keep the band that God hath made. Ye vow chastity, and break the same. St. Paul had rather marry than burn; the which I have done, for God never forbade marriage to any man, of what state or degree soever he were.' Oliphant :- -Thou sayest there be not seven sacraments.' Mille:Give me the Lord's supper and baptism, and take you the rest, and part them among you. For if there be seven, why have you omitted one of them, to wit, marriage, and give yourselves to slanderous and ungodly whoredom?' Oliphant:-Thou art against the blessed sacrament of the altar, and sayest, that the mass is wrong, and is idolatry.' expecta Oliphant bishop's Mille: A lord or a king sendeth and calleth many to a dinner; and when A similithe dinner is in readiness, he causeth to ring the bell, and the men come to the tude aptly applied. hall, and sit down to be partakers of the dinner; but the Lord, turning his back unto them, eateth all himself, and mocketh them :-so do ye.' Oliphant:-Thou deniest the sacrament of the altar to be the very body of Christ really in flesh and blood.' sacrifice of the Mille: The Scripture of God is not to be taken carnally, but spiritually, The and standeth in faith only. And as for the mass, it is wrong, for Christ was once offered on the cross for man's trespass, and will never be offered again, for mass. then he ended all sacrifice.' Oliphant :-Thou deniest the office of a bishop.' Mille: I affirm that they whom ye call bishops, do no bishop's works, nor Bishops, use the office of bishops, as Paul biddeth, writing to Timothy, but live after no their own sensual pleasure, and take no care of the flock; nor yet regard they the word of God, but desire to be honoured, and called ' my lords.' Oliphant:-Thou speakest against pilgrimage, and callest it a pilgrimage to whoredom.' Mille-'I affirm and say, that it is not commanded in the Scripture; and bishops. |