in each bed at equal distances, and from six to eight inches apart in the rows; after which, give them a plentiful water ing, and shade them.

The plants must be hoed occasionally, until grown of sufficient size for earthing, which is done with the assistance of boards, by laying them along the rows, to support the leaves while you are putting in the earth from the alleys, and removing them as you progress in the business.

The earthing should never be done when the plants are wet, as this is apt to make the Celery rusty, but should be performed gradually in fine weather as the plants progress in growth, repeating the earthing every two weeks; at which time care should be taken to gather up all the leaves neatly, and not to bury the hearts of the plants. When they are grown two feet high, and well blanched, they are fit for the table.

As Celery will grow three or four feet high in one season, it will be necessary to delay the planting of that which is intended for winter use until the latter end of July, but the trenches should always be got ready soon enough to avoid a serious drought, which often delays the planting till too late in the season. The blanching of Celery for winter use may be delayed until October.

By market gardeners who raise Celery on a large scale, the trenches may be worked out with a plough, and finished with a spade or hoe. The ground may also be ploughed between each row of Celery previous to earthing it up; this will save much labour.

The Celeriac, or Turnip-rooted, may be planted either on level ground or in shallow drills; the root of it swells like a Turnip, and may be preserved in sand through the winter. The French and Germans cut it in slices, and soak it a few hours in vinegar; by such simple preparation, it becomes mellow as a pineapple, and affords a delicious and very nourishing repast.

CORN SALAD, OR FETTICUS.

MACHE OU DOUCETTE.

Valeriana locusta.

VARIETY.-Olitoria.

THIS plant grows spontaneously in the corn-fields of England, hence it is called Corn Salad; and from its being sufficiently hardy to stand the winter, and affording an early pasturage, it has acquired the appellation of Lamb's Lettuce. It is cultivated as a salad for winter and early spring use. The seed may be sown in rich, clean ground, the latter end of August or early in September.

Some gardeners sow the seed in beds four or five feet wide, with paths between each bed, just sufficient to admit of room for hand-weeding; but it will vegetate more freely if sown in drills half an inch deep, provided it be carefully covered. The drills may be about six inches apart, or just sufficient to admit a small hoe to work between the rows; for if the plants are not cleared of all weeds while young, they will be more plague than profit.

Fetticus must be covered up with straw at the approach of severe weather, to preserve it in good condition for use in the early part of the ensuing spring, as that is the season which most amply remunerates the cultivator.

The seed of Fetticus is small and light, but it will admit of being sown thick, say at the rate of from four to six pounds to an acre of land.

CRESS is a small salad herb, and is generally used with Lettuce, White Mustard, Rape, Chervil, &c. It may be sown very thick in little drills, as should salad seed in general, and cut before it comes into rough leaf. A small quantity in the salad season, which is spring and autumn, may be sown every week in rich ground, free from weeds.

CRESS, (Water.)

CRESSON DE FONTAINE.

Sisymbrium nasturtium.

THE Water Cress is a creeping, amphibious perennial, and is grown very extensively for the London Markets. Loudon says, in his Encyclopaedia of Gardening, that "The most suitable description of water is a clear stream, not more than an inch and a half deep, running over sand or gravel; the least favourable, deep, still water, or a muddy bottom. It is highly advantageous to make the plantations in newly-risen spring water, as the plants do not only thrive better in it, but, in consequence of its being rarely frozen, they generally con tinue in vegetation, and in a good state for gathering, through the whole winter season. The plants are disposed in rows parallel with the course of the stream, about eighteen inches apart. When these plants begin to grow in water one inch and a half deep, they soon check the current so as to raise the water to the height of three inches above the plants, which is considered the most favourable circumstance in which they can be placed. It is absolutely necessary to have a constant current, as where there is any obstruction to the stream, the plants cease to thrive. After they have been cut about three times, they begin to stock, and then the oftener they are cut the better.

THE Cucumis sativus, or common Cucumber, is a native of the East Indies, and of nearly as great antiquity as the vine. It was introduced into England in 1573, and is extensively cultivated in forcing frames, and in the open air. In March, they are sold in the London Markets for a guinea a dozen; and in August and September for one penny per dozen.

As Cucumbers are much used in New-York, it should be an object with gardeners to have them in the market early; directions for raising them out of the ordinary season, are therefore given in a future page, under the head Forcing Vegetables; to which the reader is referred. Cucumbers may be raised in the open ground by planting seed the first week of May, in hills four feet apart; or if the ground be light, basins formed an inch below the level of the surface would be beneficial. Previous to planting, the ground should be prepared by incorporating a shovelful of rotten dung with the earth in each hill, after which four or five seed may be planted half an inch deep. One ounce of good seed is sufficient for two hundred hills and upward.

Cucumbers are liable to be attacked by a yellow fly, which sometimes devours young plants; these and other insects may be killed by sowing tobacco dust, soot, powdered char

* The term hill is frequently made use of by gardeners and farmers, to designate a situation allotted for a given number of seed, whereas, such seed are more frequently deposited below the level of the surface than above it; yet, as the plants progress in growth, hills are frequently formed around them, which makes the term applicable, or rather reconciles the apparent contradiction.

coal, and the like, round about the vines when they first come up, or by applying the liquid recommended in page 19 of the General Remarks. After this is done, the plants may be thinned to two or three in a hill, and the ground carefully hoed, drawing a little earth round them at the same time. The vines should be kept free from weeds, and if the weather proves dry, a gentle watering now and then, given in the evening, will be of considerable service.

Picklers may be raised by planting the seed at any time in July. When the vines begin to bear, they should be looked over, and the fruit gathered as soon as it becomes fit, as the plant will cease to bear much if the fruit be permitted to get yellow.

CHIVES, OR CIVES.

CIVETTE. Allium schoenoprasum.

THIS is a small species of Onion, and grows in large tufts; it is propagated by offsets from the roots, and may be planted either in spring or autumn, in rows ten or twelve inches apart, and the bulbs three or four inches apart in the rows; they will soon take root, and increase very fast, forming large bunches of bulbs. They make handsome edging for beds or borders.

THE seed of the Purple Egg-plant may be sown in a hotbed about the first of March; and the sashes must be kept down close until the plants come up, after which a little air