The text of Van der Hooght is scrupulously followed by Dr. Hahn, who has carefully corrected the typographical errors in Van der Hooght's edition. The volume is stereotyped from a new and very clear type, with singular neatness, and it is printed on good paper. As all the late editors (Jahn alone excepted) have preferred to follow the judgment of Van der Hooght, his text may now be regarded as the textus receptus of the Hebrew Scriptures. Aldus. Fol. Gr. 1518.-Gerbelii. Qto. Gr. 1521.-Cephalaus. Oct.

Bythner's Lyra Prophetica has long been known as perhaps the most valuable help to the critical and grammatical study of the book of Psalms. The late reprint, at the university press of Glas- the Classics, vol. i. pp. 55. 3d edit. with the requisite corrections and addigow is very beautiful.

from Greek manuscripts. The textus receptus, therefore, or the text |berini readings, also Marshall's extracts from the Coptic and Gothic in common use, was copied, with a few exceptions, from the text versions, and the readings of twelve Bodleian, four Dublin, and of Beza. Beza himself closely followed Stephens; and Stephens two Paris manuscripts. As Bishop Fell's edition sells at a low (in his third and chief edition) copied solely from the fifth edition price, it may be substituted for the more expensive critical editions of Erasmus, except in the Revelation, where he followed sometimes of the New Testament by those who cannot purchase them. The Erasmus, sometimes the Complutensian edition. The text there-text is formed according to that of Robert Stephens and the Elzefore in daily use, resolves itself at last into the Complutensian and virs; though Wetstein has accused it of retaining the errors of the Erasmian editions." (Bishop Marsh's Lectures, part i. p. 110.) former, as well as of some of Walton's Polyglott. Bishop Fell's The Elzevir edition of 1624 was reprinted at Leyden in 1633, edition was reprinted at Leipsic in 1697 and 1702, and at Oxford in and a third time in 1641, at Amsterdam in 1656, 1662, 1670, and 1703, in folio. This magnificent edition, which takes its name from 1678, and also at Sedan, in 1628, Gr.—Of these various impressions, the editor, Dr. Gregory, contains no accession of critical materials, the Leyden edition of 1633 is the best and in most request: it is and sells at a low price. the first that has the text divided into separate verses. The edition printed by Jannon, at Sedan, has long been regarded as a typographical curiosity. It is, however, greatly inferior in point of execu tion to the beautifully small and clear edition printed by Bleau at Amsterdam in 1633. (Brunet, Manuel, tom. iii. pp. 432, 433. Dibdin's Introd. to the Classics, vol. i. pp. 136, 137.) Good copies of these miniature editions are scarce and dear; but they are both surpassed in smallness of size and in typographical neatness by the London edition of 1827, published by Mr. Pickering. See No. 49. p. 17. infra.

7. Novum Testamentum, studio et labore Stephani CURCELLEI. Amstelædami, 1658, 12mo. 1675, 1685, 12mo. 1699, 8vo. Gr.

10. Η ΚΑΙΝΗ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ. Novum Testamentum Græcum, cum lectionibus variantibus MSS. Exemplarium, Versionum, Editionum, SS. Patrum et Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum, et in easdem notis. Studio et labore Joannis MILLII, S.T.P. Oxonii, e Theatro Sheldoniano. 1707. folio.

The

The labour of thirty years was devoted to this edition by Dr. Mill, who finished it only fourteen days before his death. text, which is that of Robert Stephens's edition of 1550, is beautifully printed; and the various readings and parallel passages are placed below. Dr. Mill has inserted all the previously existing collections of various readings; he collated several original edi tions, procured extracts from hitherto uncollated Greek MSS., and revised and augmented the extracts from the Gothic and Coptic All the editions of Curcellæus or Courcelles are in great repute versions which had appeared in Bishop Fell's edition; and added for their beauty and accuracy: the text is formed on that of the Elze- numerous readings from other ancient versions, and from the quovirs. He has collected the greatest number of various readings to tations of the New Testament in the writings of the fathers. The be found in any edition of the New Testament prior to that in the prolegomena contain a treasure of sacred criticism. Michaelis sixth volume of Bishop Walton's Polyglott. These various lections observes that "notwithstanding those of Wetstein, they still retain are given from a collation of manuscripts and printed editions, and their original value, for they contain a great deal of matter which are partly at the foot of the page, and partly at the end of the Acts is not in Wetstein; and of the matter which is common to both, and St. Paul's Epistles. Curcellæus has also given a valuable colsome things are more clearly explained by Mill. This edition was lection of parallel passages. The edition of 1675 contains a pro- reprinted by Kuster at Rotterdam, in 1710, in folio, with the readlogue or preface to St. Paul's Epistles, which Boecler had printedings of twelve additional MSS., some of which had been previ a few years before from a manuscript brought from the East by ously but imperfectly collated. Whatever readings were given in Stephen Gerlachius, and differs from the first edition only in hav- Mill's appendix, as coming too late for insertion under the text, ing all the various readings placed at the foot of the page. The were in this second edition transferred to their proper places. In third and fourth editions were printed after the death of Curcel-point of accuracy, however, Kuster's edition is considered inferior leus, and differ from the second only in having the text printed into that of Dr. Mill. There are copies of Kuster's edition with the columns. In 1695, John Gottlieb Moller, a divine of Rostock, pub- date of Amsterdam, 1723, in the title-page; but Masch says that it lished a dissertation against the Curcellæan editions, entitled Cur- probably is nothing more than the edition of 1710 with a new cellous in editione originalis N. T. textus variantium lectionum et title-page. Some copies are also dated 1746. To render this ediparallelorum Scripture Locorum additamentis vestita, socinizans. tion more easy of reference, the Rev. Joseph HALLETT, jun., a Rumpus (Com. Crit. ad Nov. Test. p. 280.) has charged Courcelles learned dissenting minister, in 1728, published an Index, containwith unnecessarily multiplying various readings, and making them ing an account of the MSS. consulted by Mill and Kuster; entitled from conjecture, in order to subserve the Socinian scheme. Michae- Index Librorum MSS. Græcorum et Versionum Antiquarum Novr lis admits that these charges are not wholly unfounded. The pas- Faderis, quos viri eruditissimi J. Millius et L. Kusterus cum tertiâ sages noticed by Rumpus are 1 John v. 7.; John x. 30. and xvii. editione Stephanicâ contulerunt. This publication is in 8vo., and is 22., concerning the doctrine of the Trinity; Rom. ix. 5. 1 John not of common occurrence. v. 20. and John xvii. 3., concerning the Son of God; and Rom. iii. 25. Matt. xxvi. 39. 42., concerning the satisfaction made by Jesus Christ. All the editions of Curcellæus are scarce and dear.

8. Novum Testamentum, Gr. Lat. in the fifth volume of the London Polyglott, which is described in p. 20. infra.

The various readings of Dr. Mill, amounting to 30,000, were attacked by Dr. Whitby, in 1710, in an elaborate work entitled Examen Variantium Lectionum Johannis Millii, with more zeal than knowledge of sacred criticism. It was afterwards annexed to Whitby's Commentary on the New Testament. Dr. W.'s arguThis edition is deserving of particular notice, as being the first in his Discourse on Free-thinking; which was refuted by Dr. ments were applied by Anthony Collins against Divine Revelation, edition of the New Testament that is furnished with a complete Bentley under the assumed title of Phileleutherus Lipsiensis, critical apparatus. The text is that of Robert Stephens's folio edi-whose reply," says Bishop Marsh," has been translated into seve tion of 1550, whose various readings Bishop Walton has incorpo-ral foreign languages, and should be studied by every man who is rated in his sixth volume; and in addition to them he has given a desirous of forming just notions of biblical criticism.' (Lectures, collection of extracts from sixteen Greek manuscripts, which were part ii. p. 13.) collated under the direction of Archbishop Usher. "They are described at the head of the collation in the sixth volume by Wal11. Dr. Edward WELLS published an edition of the Greek ton himself; and a further account of them is given in the Prole- Testament, at Oxford, in 4to. in detached portions, between the gomena to Mill's Greek Testament (§ 1372-1396.) and in Michae- years 1709 and 1719. It is noticed among the commentaries lis's Introduction to the New Testament (vol. ii. chap. viii.) But infra, in this Appendix; but "as it exhibits a corrected text of the extracts from the Greek manuscripts were neither the sole nor the Greek Testament, it claims also a place in the present list the chief materials which the Polyglott afforded for the emendation of the Greek text. In addition to the Latin Vulgate, it contains the of editions, though subsequent improvements in sacred criticism Syriac, the Arabic, and the Ethiopic versions of the New Testa-have in a great measure superseded the emendations of Dr. ment, with the Persian in the gospels. And these oriental verWells." (Bishop Marsh.) Dr. Nares, in his Strictures on the sions are not only arranged in the most convenient manner, for the Unitarian Version of the New Testament, has made frequent purpose of comparing them with the Greek, but they are accom- and honourable mention of the critical labours of Wells. panied with literal Latin translations, that even they who are unacquainted with the oriental languages might still have recourse to them for various readings, though indeed with less security, as every translator is liable to make mistakes."-(Bishop Marsh's Lectures, part ii. p. 5.)

9. ΤΗΣ ΚΑΙΝΗΣ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗΣ ΑΠΑΝΤΑ. Novi Testamenti Libri Omnes. Accesserunt Parallela Scripturæ Loca, nec non variantes Lectiones ex plus 100 MSS. Codicibis et antiquis versionibus collectæ. Oxonii, e Theatro Sheldoniano. 1675. 8vo. This edition was superintended by the learned Dr. John FELL, Bishop of Oxford, whose design in giving it to the public was, to remove the apprehensions which had been raised in the minds of many persons ignorant of criticism, relative to the supposed uncertainty of the Greek text in the New Testament, by the great number of various lections contained in Bishop Walton's Polyglott. To show how little the integrity of the text was affected by them, Bishop Fell printed them under the text, that the reader might the more easily compare them. To the readings copied from the London Polyglott, he added those quoted by Curcellæus, and the Bar

12. Η ΚΑΙΝΗ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ. Novum Testamentum, post priores Steph. Curcellæi et D.D. Oxoniensium labores. Cum prolegomenis G.D.T.M. et notis in find adjectis. Amstelodami, ex Officina Wetsteniana. 1711; 1735. small 8vo.

These are most beautiful editions, but the second is said to be the most accurate. The editor of the first was Gerard von Maestricht (Gerardus De Trajecto Mose) a syndic of the republic of Bremen; the second was revised by the celebrated critic J. J. Wetstein. Having been published by his relative Henry Wetstein, a bookseller of Amsterdam, these editions of the New Testament are sometimes improperly called Wetstein's; and from the name of Curcellous being printed in the title, they are in most catalogues erroneously styled Nov. Test. Græc. Curcellai.

The text is formed on the second Elzevir edition of 1633, and Curcellæus's editions. It has the most judicious selection of parallel texts ever appended to any edition of the New Testament. These are placed immediately under the Greek text, and below them is a selection of various readings, taken from upwards of 100 manuscripts and versions. Prefixed are very useful prolego

mena, containing an account of manuscripts and collectors of various readings, with 43 critical canons to enable the reader to determine concerning the various lections exhibited in the work; an abstract of Dr. Whitby's Examen above noticed; and the prefaces of Henry Wetstein, Curcellæus, and Bishop Fell. These editions are ornamented with an engraved frontispiece, copied from that of the splendid folio Paris edition of 1642, a plan of Jerusalem, an ichnograph of the Temple, and two maps. At the end there are 38 pages of critical notes, containing an examination of the most important various readings which occur in the course of the work. Michaelis does not speak very highly of the edition of 1711; but Dr. Dibdin says that, upon the whole, the edition of 1735 may be considered as the very best critical duodecimo (rather small octavo) edition of the Greek Testament, and the biblical student will do well to procure so valuable and commodious a publication." (On the Classics, vol. i. p. 97.) 1

13. Acta Apostolorum Græco-Latina, Literis Majusculis. E Codice Laudiano characteribus uncialibus exarato et in Bibliotheca Bodleiana adservato, descripsit ediditque Tho. HEARNIUS, A.M. Oxoniensis, qui et Symbolum Apostolorum ex eodem codice subjunxit. Oxonii. E Theatro Sheldoniano, 1715. 8vo. The Codex Laudianus, of which this edition is a transcript, is described in Part I. Chap. III. § 4. of the first volume: a facsimile of the MS. is prefixed. This is the scarcest of all Mr. Hearne's publications: the impression was limited to one hundred and twenty copies, at ten shillings each. A copy was sold at the sale of the Rev. Dr. Heath's library, in 1810, for the sum of thirteen pounds two shillings: it now adorns the very valuable library of the Writers to his Majesty's Signet at Edinburgh. There is another copy in the Library of the British Museum.

14. The New Testament in Greek and English, containing the Original Text, corrected from the authority of the most authentic Manuscripts, and a new Version, formed agreeably to the Illustrations of the most learned Commentators and Critics. With Notes and various Readings, [By W. MACE.] London, 1729. 2 vols. 8vo.

pleniore ex Scriptoribus veteribus, Hebræis, Græcis, et Latinis, historiam et vim verborum illustrante. Opera et studio Joans Jacobi WETSTENII. Amsteladami, 1751, 1752, 2 vols. fob Editio altera, aucta et emendata, curante J. A. LOTze. Voll Quatuor Evangelia complectens. Roterdami, 1831. Royal 4 Of all the editions of the New Testament, this is pronounced by Michaelis to be the most important, and the most necessary to the who are engaged in sacred criticism. Wetstein's Prolegometa which contain a treasure of sacred criticism, were first published in 1730. The text is copied from the Elzevir editions; the verses were numbered in the margin; and the various readings, wa their authorities (containing a million of quotations), are placed beneath the text. Wetstein's edition is divided into four paris, each of which is accompanied with Prolegomena, describing the Greek manuscripts quoted in it. The first part contains the four Gospels; the second, the Epistles of St. Paul; the third, the Act of the Apostles, and the Catholic Epistles; and the fourth, the Apocalypse. To the last part are annexed two Epistles in Syria, with a Latin version; which, according to Wetstein, were written by Clement of Rome. But Dr. Lardner has shown that they are not genuine. (Works, 8vo. vol. xi. pp. 197-226. 4to. vol. v. pp 432-446.) The critical observations on various readings, and the interpretation of the New Testament, "must be studied," says Bishop Marsh, "by every man who would fully appreciate the work in question." Michaelis has criticised the labours of Wer stein with great severity; but the latter has been vindicated b Bishop Marsh, both in his notes on Michaelis (pp. 865-877.), and in his Divinity Lectures (part ii. pp. 21-23.).

In consequence of the great rarity, and very high price of Wetstein's edition, Dr. Lotze was induced to undertake a new impres correction of errors, and the more accurate exhibition of various sion of it; which would have been greatly improved by the readings from MSS. and particularly from those derived from ancient versions, in which Wetstein is acknowledged to have been defective. But the decease of the learned editor (whose valuable critical and theological library was dispersed by auction in the summer of 1833) has caused this projected edition to be abandoned. The Prolegomena of Wetstein, therefore (forming a royal quarte volume of 279 pages), are all that has been published by Dr. Lotze, who has edited them with great care and with con siderable improvements. Dr. L. has scrupulously retained We latter had thrown out unjust observations upon other critics, espe cially the pious and erudite Bengel, and also with the omission of his literary quarrels with Frey and Iselius: and he has added from the second volume of the folío edition Wetstein's critical observations upon various readings, and his rules for judging of their value, together with most of the notes of Dr. John Solomon Semler, who republished the Prolegomena at Halle in 1764. Dr. Lotze has further subjoined, in an Appendix, Dr. Glocester Ridley's learned Dissertation on the Syriac Versions of the New Testament, in which the errors of Wetstein are corrected, and his deficiencies are supplied. This edition of Wetstein's Prolegomena is very neatly executed.

This is a beautifully printed book; whose editor has altered various passages in conformity with the Arian hypothesis. His arbitrary alterations and bold criticisms were exposed by Dr. Leonard Twells in A Critical Examination of the late New Text and Version of the Greek Testament. London, 1732, 8vo. Mi-stein's text, with the exception of those passages in which the chaelis has also very severely and justly censured the very great liberties taken by Mace. Introd. to N.T. vol. ii. pp. 463, 464. 15. 'H KAINH AJAOHKH. Novum Testamentum Græcum. Edente Jo. Alberto BENGELIO. Tubinga, 1734. 4to. 1763. 4to. This is an excellent edition, formed with an extraordinary degree of conscientiousness, sound judgment, and good taste. John Albert Bengel, or Bengelius, as he is generally called in this country, abbot of Alpirspach in the duchy (present kingdom) of Wirtemburg, was led to direct his attention to sacred criticism, in consequence of serious and anxious doubts arising from the deviations exhibited in preceding editions; and the result of his laborious researches was, the edition now under consideration. The text is preceded by an Introductio in Crisin Novi Testamenti, and is followed by an Epilogus and Appendix.

The text is not formed on any particular edition, but is corrected and improved according to the editor's judgment; and so scrupulous was Bengel, that he studiously avoided inserting any reading which did not exist in some printed edition, except in the Apocalypse; in which book alone he inserted readings that had never been printed, because it had been printed from so few manuscripts, and in one passage had been printed by Erasmus from no manuscript whatever. Beneath the text he placed some select readings, reserving the evidence in their favour for his Apparatus Criticus. His opinion of these marginal readings he expressed by the Greek letters 7, 8, and, and some few other marks. Thus, & denotes that he held the reading to be genuine; 5, that its genuineness was not absolutely certain, but that the reading was still preferable to that in the text; 7, that the reading in the margin was of equal value with that in the text, so that he could not determine which was preferable;, that the reading in the margin was of less value; that it was absolutely spurious, though defended by some critics. Bengel's edition was printed, after his death, by Burke, at Tubingen, in 1763, 4to. with important corrections and additions. Several small impressions of Bengel's Greek Testament have been printed in Germany, without the Critical Apparatus; viz. at Stutgard, 1734, 1739, 1753, 8vo.; at Tubingen, 1762, 1776, 1790, 8vo.; and at Leipsic, 1737, 8vo.

and

16. 'H KAINH AIAOHKH. Novum Testamentum Græcum editionis receptæ, cum Lectionibus Variantibus Codicum MSS., Editionum aliarum, Versionum et Patrum, necnon Commentario

In 1720, the celebrated critic, Dr. Richard Bentley, circulated proposals for a new edition of the Greek Testament, with various lections, which was never executed. The proposals themselves are printed in the Biographia Britannica, (article Bentley, note K.); and the illustrative specimen, Rev. xxii. is given in Pritius's Introd. ad Lect. Nov. Test. pp. 415-419. A detailed account of Bentley's proposed work is given in Bishop Monk's Life of Dr. B. whose critical materials for his intended edition of the Greek Testament, amounting to 19 volumes, are preserved in the library of Trinity College, Cambridge; but Bentley left nothing in a state of preparation for the press. (Bishop Burgess's Anniversary Discourse, delivered to the Royal Society of Literature, in 1830. Appendix, p. 62.)

17. 'H KAINH AIA¬HKH, sive Novum D. N. J. C. Testamentum Græcum cum Variantibus Lectionibus, quæ demonstrant Vulgatam Latinam ipsis è Græcis Codicibus hodienum extantibus Authenticam. Accedit Index Epistolarum et Evangeliorum, Spicilegium Apologeticum, et Lexidion Græco-Latinum. Cura et Opera P. Hermanni GOLDHAGEN. Editio Catholica et Novissima. Moguntiæ, 1753. 8vo.

Michaelis states that he has never been able to discover from what edition Goldhagen took his text: he has given fifty-two readings from the Codex Molshemiensis, a manuscript containing the Gospels, Acts, and Epistles, and which formerly belonged to the college of Jesuits at Molsheim in Alsace. (Introd. to New Test. vol. ii. part i. pp. 283. 490.) The book is not common: a copy is in the British Museum.

18. 'H KAINH AIAOHKн. Novum Testamentum Graecum. In Sectiones divisit, Interpunctiones accuratè posuit, et Dispo sitionem Logicam adjecit Christianus SCHOETTGENIUS. Lipsia, 1744; 1749, 8vo. Wratislaviæ, 1765, 8vo.

be judiciously executed. The ordinary divisions of chapters and The divisions into sections and the punctuation are reputed to verses are retained in the margin. An account of the principal alterations is given in the appendix.

19. Novum Testamentum Græcum ad fidem Græcorum solum MSS. nunc primum expressum, adstipulante Jo. Jac. Wetstenio, juxta Sectiones Alberti Bengelii divisum; et nova interpunctione sæpius illustratum. Accessere in altero volumine emendationes conjecturales virorum doctorum undecunque collectæ. Londini, cura, typis et sumptibus G.[ulielmi] B.[owYER.] 1763. 2 vols. 12mo.

A very valuable edition, and now scarce; it was reprinted in 1772, but not with the same accuracy as the first edition. The conjectures were published in a separate form in 1772, and again in 4to. in 1782, to accompany a handsome quarto edition of the Greek Testament, which was published by Mr. Nichols in 1783, with the assistance of the Rev. Dr. Owen. It is now extremely rare and dear. The conjectures were reprinted in 1812 with

numerous corrections and additions. In his edition of the New | rejected a variety of readings, according as they favour or oppose Testament, Mr. Boyer adopted the emendations proposed by Wet- the Socinian doctrine. stein.1

20. Novum Testamentum, Græce et Latine, Textum denuo recensuit, Varias Lectiones numquam antea vulgatas collegitScholia Græca addidit-Animadversiones Criticas adjecit, et edidit Christ. Frid. MATTHÆI. Riga, 1782-1788. 12vols. 8vo. Of Professor Matthæi's recension of manuscripts some account has already been given in Part I. p. 206. of the first volume. "The scurrility which the professor mingled in his opposition to Griesbach's system of classification, tended greatly to injure the work at the time of its appearance, and to lower the author in the esteem of the candid and moderate; but now that the heat of controversy has cooled down, the value of his labours begins to be more highly appreciated, and more impartially appealed to, on the subject of the various readings of the Greek text.' (Dr. Henderson's Biblical Researches, p. 53.) The late Bishop Middleton considered it as by far the best edition of the Greek Testament extant; and though Michaelis has criticised it with considerable severity, he nevertheless pronounces it to be absolutely necessary for every man who is engaged in the criticism of the Greek Testament. As, however, Matthæi undertook a revision of the Greek text on the authority of one set of manuscripts of the Byzantine family, Bishop Marsh regrets that he made so partial an application of his critical materials. "And since no impartial judge can admit that the genuine text of the Greek Testament may be established as well, by applying only a part of our materials, as by a judicious employment of the whole, the edition of Matthæi is only so far of importance, as it furnishes new materials for future uses; materials, indeed, which are accompanied with much useful information and many learned remarks." (Bishop Marsh's Lectures, part ii. p. 31.)

21. Novum Testamentum Græce. Ad Codices Mosquenses utriusque Bibliothecæ S.S. Synodi et Tabularii, Imperialis, item Augustanos, Dresdenses, Goettingenses, Gothanos, Guelpherbytanos, Langeri, Monachienses, Lipsienses, Nicephori et Zittaviensem, adhibitis Patrum Græcorum Lectionibus, Editionibus N. Testamenti principibus et Doctorum Virorum Libellis criticis, iterum recensuit, Sectiones majores et minores Eusebii, Euthalii, et Andreæ Cæsariensis notavit, primum quoque nunc Lectiones Ecclesiasticas, ex usu Græcæ Ecclesiæ designavit, ac Synaxaria Evangeliarii et Praxapostoli addidit, et Criticis interpositis Animadversionibus edidit Christianus Fridericus MATTHEI. Vol. I. Wittebergæ, 1803; Vol. II. Curiæ Variscorum, 1806; Vol. III. Ronneburgi, 1807. 8vo.

This second edition of Matthrei's Greck Testament is seldom to be met with. A copy of the first volume is in the library of the British Museum. The critical annotations of the editor are placed at the end of the volume; the various readings are at the foot of each page. Matthæi is very severe on the editorial labours of Dr. Griesbach.

23. Novum Testamentum Græcum, è Codice MS. Alexandrino, qui Londini in Bibliotheca Musei Britannici asservatur, descriptum à Carolo Godofredo WOIDE. Londini, ex prelo Joannis Nichols, typis Jacksonianis, 1786. folio.

This is an elegant fac-simile edition of the Alexandrian Manuscript which is preserved in the British Museum, and is described in Part I. pp. 222-224. of Vol. I. Twelve copies were printed on vellum. The fac-simile itself fills two hundred and sixty pages: and the preface, comprising twenty-two pages, contains an accurate description of the Manuscript, illustrated by an engraving representing the style of writing in various manuscripts. To this is subjoined an exact list of all its various readings, in eighty-nine pages; each reading is accompanied with a remark, giving an account of what his predecessors Junius (i. e. Patrick Young), Bishop Walton, Drs. Mill and Grabe, and Wetstein, had performed or neglected. The preface of Woide, and his collection of various readings, were reprinted, with notes, by Professor Spohn, at Leip sic, in 1790, in 8vo. To complete this publication, there should be added the following: Appendix ad Editionem Novi Testamenti Græci è Codice Alexandrino descripti à C. G. Woide. Oxonii: è Typographeo Clarendoniano. 1799. folio. This splendid work was edited by the Rev. Dr. Ford, who added many useful notes. Long before Dr. Woide executed his fac-simile edition of the New Tes tament from the Alexandrian Manuscript, it had been suggested to King Charles I. to cause a fac-simile of the entire MS. to be engraved. But the importance and value of such an undertaking do not appear to have been understood-at least they were not duly appreciatedby that monarch: he therefore refused to have it done. The circumstance is thus related by the industrious antiquary Aubrey, in his inedited "Remaines of Gentilisme and Judaisme," preserved among the Lansdowne MSS. in the British Museum, No. 231. folio 169. Writing on the disputed clause in 1 John v. 7. Aubrey says:copies, e. g. that in the Vatican Library, and ye Tecla MS. in St. James's Library and others: as it is not in an old MS. in Magdalen Coll: Library in Oxford. That at St. James's was sent as a Presen to King Charles the First, from Cyrillus Patriark of Constantinople: as a jewel of that antiquity not fitt to be kept amongst Infidels. Rosse (translator of Statius) was Tutor to ye D. of Monmouth who made him Library Keeper at St. James's: he desired K. Cha. I. to be at ye chardge to have it engraven in copper plates : and told him it would cost but £200, but his Maty would not yield to it. Mr. Ross sayd that it would appeare glorious in History, after his Matys death.' Pish,' sayd he, I care not what they say of me in History when I am dead.' H. Grotius, J. G. Vossius, Heinsius, &c. have made Journeys into England, purposely to correct their Greeke Testaments by this Copy in St. James. Sr. Chr. Wren sayd that he would rather have it engraved by an Engraver that could not understand or read Greek, than by one that did."

"The last clause of this verse is not found in the antient MSS.

Mr.

....

gott him the place [of]

In the reign of Charles II. the design of printing this manuscript was resumed; and the editing of the fac-simile was to have been confided to the Rev. Dr. Smith, to whom the king promised a some circumstance or other which cannot now be ascertained, this design was abandoned. (Wood's Athena Oxoniensis, vol. ii col 1020)

The value of such an undertaking has been better understood in our times: and the British Parliament nobly guaranteed the expense of the Fac-simile Edition, which was executed under the editorship of the Rev. H. H. Baber. See an account of it in No. 17. p. 24. infra.

24. Novum Testamentum Græcum, ad Codicem Vindobonensem Græcè expressum: Varietatem Lectionis addidit Franciscus Carolus ALTER. 1786, 1787. 2 vols. 8vo.

22. H KAINH AIAOHKн. The New Testament collated with the most approved manuscripts; with select notes in Eng-canonry of Windsor, or of Westminster, for his labour. But, from lish, critical and explanatory, and references to those authors who have best illustrated the sacred writings. By Edward HARWOOD, D.D. London, 1776, 2 vols. 12mo.; 1784, 2 vols. 12mo. "This edition," says the learned annotator of Michaelis, "is certainly entitled to a place among the critical editions of the Greek Testament, though it is not accompanied with various readings; for, though Dr. Harwood has adopted the common text as the basis of his own, he has made critical corrections wherever the received reading appeared to him to be erroneous. The manuscripts which he has generally followed when he departs from the common text, are the Cantabrigiensis in the Gospels and Acts, and the Claromontanus in the Epistles of St. Paul." These Dr. Harwood considered This edition differs entirely from those of Mill, Wetstein, and as approaching the nearest of any manuscripts now known in the world to the original text of the sacred records. "It is not impro- Griesbach. "The text of this edition is neither the common text nor bable that this edition contains more of the ancient and genuine a revision of it, but a mere copy from a single manuscript, and that text of the Greek Testament than those which are in common use: not a very ancient one (the Codex Lambecii I.), in the imperial but as no single manuscript, however ancient and venerable, is library at Vienna. The various readings, which are not arranged entitled to such a preference as to exclude the rest, and no critic as in other editions, but printed in separate parcels as made by the of the present age can adopt a new reading, unless the general collator, are likewise described from Greek manuscripts in the evidence be produced, and the preponderancy in its favour dis- imperial library: and the whole collection was augmented by tinctly shown, the learned and ingenious editor has in some meaextracts from the Coptic, Sclavonian, and Latin versions, which sure defeated his own object, and rendered his labours less applica- are also printed in the same indigested manner as the Greek readble to the purposes of sacred criticism." (Bishop Marsh's Michae-ings. Alter's edition therefore contains mere materials for future lis, vol. ii. part ii. pp. 884, 885.) At the end of the second volume uses." (Bp. Marsh's Lectures, part ii. p. 32.) Where the editor has there is a catalogue of the principal editions of the Greek Testa- discovered manifest errata in the Vienna manuscript, he has ment, and a list of the most esteemed commentators and critics. recourse to the text of Stephens's edition of 1546.-See a more The work is very neatly printed; and under the Greek text are copious account of this edition in Michaelis, vol. ii. pp. 880-882, short critical notes in English, chiefly relating to classical illustra- where it is said that Alter's edition is a work with which no one tions of Scripture. In the list of commentators and critics, those are engaged in sacred criticism can dispense. most commended by Dr. Harwood who favour the Socinian scheme, to which he was strongly attached, and he therefore admitted or 1 Dr. Griesbach's first edition of the New Testament should, in strict-berinæ, Laurentianæ, Vindobonensis, Escurialensis, Havniensis, ness, be noticed here; but as it is superseded by his second and greatly improved edition, described in the next two pages, it is here designedly omitted. The edition of Koppe, being accompanied with a commentary, is noticed infru, among the commentators on the New Testament.

25. Quatuor Evangelia, Græcè, cum Variantibus a textu Lectionibus Codd. Manuscriptorum Bibliothecæ Vaticana; Bar

Regiæ; quibus accedunt Lectiones Versionum Syrarum Veteris, Philoxenianæ, et Hierosolymitanæ, jussu et sumptibus regiis edidit Andreas BIRCH. Havnia, 1788. folio ct 4to.