Have great care the bishop be not of a factious spirit, and let him be of your own choosing, rather than by recommendation; so will he have the greater obligation to you, nor no dependance on any other; no, not even of York...

And if you, even as I designed, set up an university, it may oblige the nations round about us, get friends to the country, and enrich the land, which in time will bring something to the lord's purse. And as the place is cheap, yet well furnished with proper subsistence, and the temptations to idleness or luxury few, education might be had here on the easiest terms. But of this I shall tell you more when please God I can see you, and myself in peace,

His Lordship's Reasons to his Son for not assuming the Title of King in Man, and exhorts him to be strictly Loyal.

SOME might think it a mark of grandeur, that the lords of this isle have been called kings; and I might be of that. opinion if I knew how this country could maintain itself, independent of other nations; and that I had no interest in another place. But herein I agree with your's and my great and wise ancestor, Thomas, the second Earl of Derby, and with him conceive, that to be a great lord is more honourable than a petty king.

Besides it is not for a king to be subject to any but the King of kings, nor doth it please a king that any of his subjects should affect that title, were it but to act it in a play; witness the scruples raised, and objections made, by my enemies in his majesty's council, of my being too near allied to the royalty to be trusted with too great power, whose jealousies and vile suggestions have proved of very ill consequence to his majesty's interest, and my service of him. There never was a wise subject that would willingly offend his king; but if offence were given from

the prince, would rather humble himself before him, as the only means to recover his favour, without which no subject can propose to live with honour and safety.

To conclude this counsel, take it for granted, that it is your honour to give honour to your sovereign; it is safe and comfortable; therefore in all your actions let it visibly appear in this isle; let him be prayed for duly; let all writings, and oaths of officers and soldiers, &c. have relation of allegiance to him.

Lord Derby's second Letter to his Son Charles, Lord Strange.

You know my former instructions to you were in the first to fear God, as the beginning of wisdom; and that honesty and religion were the grounds and ends of all men's actions; that all things are written for our instruction; and that no man can be accounted happy in this world that is not wise, for he that is wise sees most his own unhappiness.

And I know you are taught these great and good lessons by your excellent tutor Mr. Rutter; for whom may you and I both give thanks to God. He is not only a good teacher to you, but a good friend and companion both to you and me, having nothing at all of the pedant in him. You have profited well in your studies, which is a proof of his labour and care; and without flattery to either, above what I expected; to which the virtuous inclinations of your great and good mother, by whose tender care your infancy hath been governed, hath greatly contributed.

You have already the benefit of her language, and so need not travel as I and some others have done, to spend our time for words, while we lose so much of our life, to have studied men and manners; but your present education, under so great and excellent a tutor, gives me assurance rather than hope, that you will so well understand yourself,

and the true knowledge of your Creator and Redeemer, (without which all other things are vain and miserable,) that your youth being guided by so able a teacher, will furnish you with such divine and moral precepts, as may make your life comfortable, and your death happy. From whose learned instructions, when it shall please God to bless you with children, you may yourself give rules to their teachers. But lest you should forget any of those wise and virtuous precepts, I may prevail with Mr. Rutter to give you his method of instructing youth in writing, to keep by you. And if others, when we are dead, pretend to greater knowledge, and a new way of teaching, you may compare his great skill with our true loves, of which these and the like endeavours shall be our witness; as I may say something more of my intents concerning your breeding and travel, &c. But in the mean time, I will give you some instructions touching the manner of your house, servants, and estate, which I hope may prove of service.. I have already given you some marks of a good servant; and these following are badges of a bad one.

My father, upon the death of my mother, growing infirm and disconsolate, and willing to repose himself from the trouble of the world, purchased a house on the side of the river Dee near Chester, and retired thither, reserving to himself a thousand pounds a year for life, and put the rest of his estate and revenue into my hands, which I fear I shall not be so soon able to do with you, nor with such 'latitude of power; however, by observation of the following rules and maxims, you may so manage,, improve, and enlarge your estates, as to live with repute, honour, and

comfort.

When you shall arrive at man's estate, use great caution in the choice of a wife, for as that is well or ill done, so is the whole life likely to be afterwards. It is like a project in war, wherein a man can probably err but once. If your estate be good, match near home and at leisure; but if

weak or encumbered, marry afar off and quickly. Inquire well into her disposition, and how her parents have been in their youth. Let her not be poor, how generous soever; for a man can buy nothing in a market with gentility: nor choose an uncomely creature for wealth; for it will cause contempt in others, and loathing with you. Choose not a dwarf or a fool; the children of one will be pigmies, and the other your disgrace by a continual clack; and there is nothing more fulsome than a she-fool.

As to your house-keeping, let it be moderate, rather plentiful than niggardly; for no man ever grew poor by keeping an orderly table. Banish drunkenness as a bane to health, consuming much, and making no show. Beware not to spend above the fourth of your income, nor above one-third of that in your house; for your other two parts will scarce defray your extraordinaries, which always surmount the ordinary. And remember the needy man can never live happily.

Bring your children up with learning and obedience, yet without austerity. Praise them openly, and reprehend them secretly. Give them maintenance agreeable to your ability, otherwise your life will seem their bondage, and at your death they will thank it, and not you, for what you leave them.

I am persuaded that the foolish indulgence of some parents, and the two severe carriage of others, occasion more men and women to take ill courses than their own inclinations. Marry your daughters in time, as a great work; and if your sons are by curiosity and custom inclined to travel, suffer them not to pass the Alps, for there is nothing to be learned there but pride, vice, luxury, and atheism, with a few useless words of no profit.

It is good to have provision beforehand for house-keeping, for large demesnes are commodious for that purpose; therefore do not lease any part already in your hand. And live not in the country without corn and cattle; for he that

pulleth to his purse for every penny is like him that keep eth water in a sieve.

Buy what you want at the best hand. And be not served with kinsmen and friends, for they expect much, and do but little; and keep rather too few, than one too many. Feed and pay them well, and then you may expect service from their hands.

Let your kindred and friends be welcome at your house and table; and oblige them by your countenance, which will double the bond of nature, and raise so many advocates upon occasion. Throw off and disregard all loose and flattering parasites, who are every man's friend in prosperity, but of no more use in adversity than an harbour in winter. Avoid suretiship for your best friends; but rather lend the money yourself on good bond, although you borrow it; for that will secure yourself, and pleasure your friend. Neither borrow money of a neighbour or friend, but rather of a stranger, which when paid, you will hear no more of; otherwise you will lessen your credit, lose your friend, and yet pay as dear for it.

Undertake no suit against a poor man on receiving much wrong, for then you will make him your equal; and it is but a base conquest where there is no resistance. Neither make use of law against any man before you are fully satisfied of your right, and then spare neither money nor pains; for a cause so obtained may free from suits great part of your life.

Be sure to keep some great man your friend; but trouble him not for trifles. Compliment him often with small gifts of little charge; but, if occasion require, greater. Let it be something that may be daily in sight, otherwise it may be like a hop without pole.

Towards your superiors be humble, yet generous; with your equals familiar, yet respectful to your inferiors. Show much humanity, and some familiarity, as to bow the body, stretch forth your hand, or uncover your head, with such