Storage of fæces in a concentrated form must be an evil: otherwise cement and brick are certainly desirable elements in the

structure.

Urinals ought to be provided for boys' schools, and washed daily with soap and water. The proper materials for the exposed portions are either slate, glazed iron ware, or glass. Metal surfaces corrode, and retain the decomposed urine; paint is not a sufficient protection.

Disinfectants.-The best and cheapest are, fresh air and sunlight; water, both for dilution and for washing; earth, for covering solid discharges from the body; dry heat (200-240° F.), for clothing that has been exposed to the effluvia of disease.

To these add the following chemical disinfectants: Sulphurfumes, produced by burning in a tightly closed room or house, in infection; a solution of sulphate of iron (three pounds) and carbolic acid undiluted (one pint), in water (a pailful), for foul vaults; solution of chlorinated soda, or of nitrate of lead (one part to eight parts of water), or of permanganate of potassium (one per cent.).

CHARLES MORGAN.

The recent death of the most liberal benefactor of the Public Schools in Connecticut, justly claims a notice in this Report. Mr. Charles Morgan died at his home in New York, May 8th, 1878, at the age of eighty-three years. Born in Clinton, Conn., in 1795, family necessities compelled him to support himself when only fourteen years old. Commencing life thus early, for himself, as a clerk in a small grocery shop in New York, he finished it as a millionaire at eighty-three. He never ceased to regret that his only school training was that afforded under fourteen years of age, in the common district school. By his fidelity and economy, he had gained enough to start a ship chandlery store, before he was of age. Ultimately the sole owner of the Morgan line of steamers between New York and New Orleans, and of the extensive line of steamers engaged in the Texas trade, and of the New Orleans and Great Western Railroad, he regularly gave employment to over 5,000 men.

The study of such a life brings home a useful lesson to the youth of Connecticut.

Unswerving integrity and fidelity in minute details marked his beginning as a clerk, and his career when he became the sole owner of the largest fleet of steamers and the longest line of railway belonging to one man in America. His personal industry, economy, sagacity and honesty were the secret of his great success. He had no faith in luck. Fortune meant nothing in business affairs to him. He had the nerve to meet disasters without repining. One of his greatest discouragements was the loss of steamers along the treacherous and shifting coast of Texas. In rapid succession nine of his iron steamers were wrecked, and all without insurance. He at once built other and better ships, and in advance of the United States Coast Survey, he kept the coast so frequently surveyed that for twenty years prior to 1873 he did not lose a vessel. His marvelous energy and capacity for details, united with comprehensiveness of mind, are seen in the fact that his great business was created and controlled from first to last by himself.

He treated his operatives with that courtesy and liberality which bound him in strongest ties to them. Many names honored abroad are tarnished at home among dependents and employés. Only the strictest honesty and fair dealing can stand the test of business intercourse with thousands of hands for over forty years. Mr. Morgan fairly earned and fully gained their confidence and respect, and thus practically solved the labor problem. A few hours before his funeral a telegram was received by the family in New York from his employés in New Orleans, in which they speak in strong terms of "the zeal, public spirit, and above all, unquestioned integrity of the one who had been to us not merely an employer, but always a true, kind-hearted and generous friend." This telegram plainly tells how labor and capital were harmonized, and why in place of strife or alienation, sympathy and good feeling prevailed between Mr. Morgan and his hands.

My acquaintance with Mr. Morgan began in the autumn of 1869, when he was considering the question of endowing a school in his native town. Cordially welcoming this suggestion from the outset, I assured him that I should deem it an

honor to be his adviser in maturing plans so liberal and farreaching in their results, and a privilege to contribute in any way in my power to the success and prosperity of the Institution he should found. In this way, there grew up a familiar acquaintance and a strong friendship, which led me to appreciate highly his sterling traits of character; his frankness and sincerity; his honor and integrity; his quick perceptions, business sagacity, and untiring energy; his warm devotion to his friends, and deep and grateful interest in his native town and in the old homestead in Clinton, which he ever kept up, in memory of his early days. His manly traits were softened by a genuine modesty. Though somewhat brusque in manner, he showed at heart the delicacy and unobtrusiveness of a child.

Simple in his taste and strongly averse to ostentation, pretense and assumption, he made no display of wealth, either in dress or surroundings. With a natural fondness for children, he easily came into sympathy with them, and won their confidence and love. The sight of the happy faces in the Morgan School, their merry songs, their literary exercises, and grateful tributes to him, touched his heart most tenderly, and made his repeated visits to this Institution occasions of rare satisfaction and delight to him. He once said to me, "Though I have handled a good deal of money, no equal amount ever gave me such genuine gratification as that bestowed on the Morgan School;" to which I replied, "As President Pierson, when instructing the first classes of Yale College, near the site of the Morgan School, builded far better than he knew, so the future history and usefulness of this school-already prosperous beyond your expectations-generations yet unborn alone

can tell."

No town of its size in Connecticut, or, so far as I know, in the country, can show a school edifice so admirable, and well provided with school appliances. Many youth of Clinton, against whom penury would otherwise bar the temple of knowledge, will here gain a higher education. This school will awaken new ambitions and discover and develop what otherwise would be latent talent. Many a gifted, but poor and modest boy, will here be made conscious of his power, and

be inspired with aspirations for the broadest culture. The Morgan School has already accomplished larger and grander results than did Yale College during the life-time of its first President.

The last letter I received from Mr. Morgan contained a request that I would join him in a visit to the Morgan School as soon as the restoration of his health would enable him to bear the journey. The hope, which I had not given up, of again sharing this pleasure with him, was suddenly cut off by the sad summons to follow his remains to their final resting place. During his last sickness he thought and spoke and did much for the Morgan School. His last gift to it of one hundred thousand dollars was made but a few weeks before his death. The total of his expenditures for the School, including the statues at Clinton and Yale, the building, endowments, and gifts for prizes, was nearly three hundred thousand dollars.

His interest in it increased to the last. Every anniversary of the school and each succeeding year witnessed some new gift to it, or some liberal present to the scholars. Had he lived still longer, this interest would have deepened and his benefactions would have continued. Among his plans of enlarge ment, as the growth of the school might require, was the erection of a large Boarding-house for students, the purchase of additional grounds fronting the school, and the laying out of a fine street from the school house directly to the shore.

Mr. Morgan's example in the princely gift he made to his native town is worthy of imitation. Are there not other sons of Connecticut whose love for the homestead will prompt similar donations to their native towns? By founding schools and libraries, how easily could the favorites of fortune build a monument each for himself, and be henceforth gratefully recognized as the benefactor of his fellow-citizens and of future generations. There is a rare luxury in witnessing the fruits of one's benefactions, giving while living, and able to enjoy the rich results, rather than leaving legacies to be lessened or lost in the wrangles of contending heirs.

SHEFFIELD SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL.

In accordance with the suggestion of Governor Hubbard, particular reference is here made to the claims and character of the Sheffield Scientific School. The report of the State Board of Visitors, given below, is from his pen. The article on Mechanic Engineering, to which the Governor invites special attention, is from the last report of the Governing Board. In bestowing the national grant of $135,000 upon the Sheffield Scientific Department of Yale College, the Legislature made provision for the gratuitous instruction of nearly forty young men, citizens of this State, in Agriculture, the Mechanic Arts, Chemistry, Civil Engineering, Mining and the other departments of the School. Though these free scholarships have been always filled, the remoter counties of the State have not had their share of them. The regular charge for tuition is $150 per year. If this offered gratuity were generally known, and the unequaled advantages here furnished were duly appreciated, we are confident that every county would be represented in these scholarships. "They are designed to aid young men who are in need of pecuniary assistance, in fitting themselves for agricultural and mechanical pursuits in life. All applicants must be citizens of Connecticut. In case there are more applicants than vacancies, candidates will be preferred who have lost a parent in the military or naval service of the United States, and next to these, such as are most in need of pecuniary assistance. The appointing Board for the current year, consisting of the State Board of Visitors and the Secretary of the School will meet in New Haven, June 24th, 1879. All applications should be made previous to that time. Blank forms for application will be sent when requested by Professor G. J. Brush, Secretary of the Appointing Board." Connecticut has reason to be proud of this growing Institution, which stands in the front rank among the Scientific Schools of this country, and has already trained more students than any similar institution in America. Besides the fact that the President and Secretary of the Board of Education are ex-officio members of the "State Board of Visitors of the Sheffield Scientific