"In order to determine the manner in which the stipulation of Article 3° of the Treaty of Ancon shall be fulfilled, it is agreed that there shall be submitted to arbitration the question whether, in the present circumstances a plebiscite shall or shall not be held. The Government of Chile may submit to the arbitrator such arguments in opposition as may be deemed appropriate for the defense of her rights. "20 In the event that the decision is in favor of the holding of a plebiscite, the arbitrator shall have full power to determine the conditions for the holding of such plebiscite. “3° Should the arbitrator decide that a plebiscite shall not be held, both parties agree, upon the request of either of them, to enter upon a discussion of the situation created by the decision of the arbitrator. "It is understood, in the interest of peace and good order, that in this event and pending an agreement as to the disposition of the territory, the administrative organization of the provinces shall not be disturbed. "4° In the event that no agreement is reached as a result of the above mentioned discussion, the two governments will request the good offices of the Government of the United States, in order that an agreement may be reached. "5° It is agreed that pending claims relative to Tarata and Chilcaya are also included within the arbitration, in accordance with the final disposition of the territory, as referred to in Article 3° of said treaty." The Protocol was ratified by the Congress of Peru on September 14, 1922. Similar action on the part of the Congress of Chile is expected daily. In his closing address, Secretary Hughes said, “It is easy to talk of the prevention of war, but inevitably there will be differences and serious controversies, and if these are not to be settled by force, there must be peaceful solutions which can be had only through the efforts of governments which determinedly seek peace to make it possible by providing for the contacts of honorable and peaceful men, whose ability, ingenuity and wisdom will be utilized not to devise grounds for continuing differences but practical bases of agreement.' By means of this conference and by these two instruments, resulting therefrom, it would seem as if this controversy, now nearly half a century old, were in a fair way to reach a peaceful settlement. NEWS AND NOTES ARGENTINA Public school teachers are fostering a movement to compel the well-to-do classes to contribute to the clothing, food, and school material of children of the poorer element in order that the latter may secure the benefit of primary instruction. The territory of El Chaco in Northern Argentina is to be the new home of a group of Mennonites seeking to establish a community in accordance with their views on freedom of worship. An unofficial census of the physicians of the country shows the total number to be approximately five thousand, or an average, roughly, of one physician for two thousand inhabitants. Work on the international railroad between Argentina and Bolivia is being pushed rapidly to completion. A bill recently before the Argentine Congress for its consideration had as its object the establishment of a wide range of causes for divorce. Included among these were: infidelity, attempt by one spouse against the life of the other, imprisonment of one for more than five years, prostitution or corruption of the children, cruelty, insanity lasting for more than three years, contagious diseases, alcoholism, and the vice of gambling. An active publicity campaign among the lower classes conducted by the Health Bureau has resulted in a large proportionate decrease in the number of cases of contagious diseases. On his way to Buenos Aires from Paris President-elect Alvear was entertained by the King of Spain. Very cordial relations between the two countries are indicated by the character of the speeches exchanged between the two officials. BRAZIL When close returns in the presidential race between Dr. Arturo Bernades and former President Nilo Pecanha indicated the former as successful, adherents of the ex-president protested. The proposal for a Court of Honor submitted by the followers of Dr. Pecanha was rejected; and when ex-President da Fonseca, a supporter of the unsuccessful candidate was imprisoned, there was a revolt among the garrison of Fort Copacabana, protecting the port of Rio. Upon the release of Mariscal da Fonseca the revolt was soon quelled. The presidential message of Dr. Pessoa announced an unexpected falling off in the national revenues with a proportionate reduction of expenses. In a message to Congress, the president has asked for a law prohibiting the sale to foreigners of land touching on the national frontiers. CHILE An agreement has been reached with Argentina for the construction of two additional transandean railways, the northern route to run from Salta in the interior of Argentina to the Chilean port of Antofagasta and the southern to connect the Chilean trunk line with the Argentine port of Bahia Blanca. Chilean diplomatic representatives in Argentina and Brazil have been raised to the rank of ambassadors. Argentina has taken similar action with regard to her representatives in Chile, and Brazil also is expected to reciprocate. Beginning in August, 1922, coastal trade was confined to ships flying the national flag, the action excluding several foreign companies. The move on the part of the Chilean ambassador at Washington to have limitation of land armament placed on the agenda of the next Pan-American Conference has met hearty approval. The Chilean-Peruvian conference called in an effort to reach some solution of the Tacna-Arica controversy met in closing session on July 22. The protocol and supplementary act entered into by the delegations of the two countries provide that the President of the United States shall determine whether or not a plebiscite shall be held and the terms of the plebiscite, if one is decided upon. If the decision is against the holding of a plebiscite, the two countries are to "enter into a discussion of the situation created by the decision of the arbitrator"; and in case no agreement is reached, the good offices of the United States are to be availed of. Each country is given a maximum period of three months in which to ratify the agreement. COLOMBIA Provision has been made for exchange professorships and an interchange of students between Colombia and Uruguay. The Liberal Convention has proclaimed General Benjamin Herrera, recently its candidate for President of the Republic, as supreme director and chief manager of its destinies. A Japanese corporation, Compania Colombo-Nipona, has been organized to present Colombian products in Japan and Japanese products and commercial propaganda in Colombia. The German concern which has charge of the improvement of navigation on the Magdalena has its preliminary work well under way. COSTA RICA An abundant coffee crop plus high price for coffee on the London market resulted in a wave of prosperity. Because of lower prices in the United States, practically the entire crop was diverted to England. CUBA The resignation of several cabinet members following General Crowder's effort to secure a reduction of the Cuban budget, led to the formation of a new cabinet on June 16. Its personnel is: Carlos Manuel de Cespedes, Secretary of State. Colonel Manuel Despaigne, Treasurer. Ricardo Lancis, Interior. General Armando Montes, War and Navy. Erasmo Reguciferos, Justice. Captain Castillo Porkorny, Public Works. Several members of the new cabinet have held official positions in the United States. The debt situation of the Republic is serious, the default on the service of the internal loan of 1917 amounted to $3,000,000, while the floating debt closely approximates the total annual receipts of the National Treasury. Coupled with apparently well founded charges of official graft, the financial condition of the country may be the occasion for another intervention on the part of the United States in the near future. HONDURAS The personnel of the new cabinet appointed on June 30 by President Gutierrez is: General Salvador Cisneros, Minister of War. Francisco Bueso, Foreign Affairs. Jose Maria Guillen Velez, Interior. Fredrico C. Caneles, Education. Marcial Lagos, Development. MEXICO In accordance with its agrarian policy the federal government has expropriated almost 2,000,000 acres; and it is tak |