* satire was keen, well-pointed, and vigorous. A vein of sharp and provoking irony, sometimes smooth, and at others caustic in the highest degree, runs through most of his smaller pieces; and we cannot but admire the perfect indifference with which he fearlessly applies it, without distinction of persons. Even Cæsar himself felt the severity of his song, but was too magnanimous to resent it. When upon a visit at the house of Cicero, who records the circumstance in a letter to his friend Atticus, that poem, an eternal stain upon his reputation, wherein the poet censures his ill-applied liberality towards the dissolute favourite Mamurra, was shewn to him while he was at the bath, as the topic of public conversation. Cæsar affected to disregard it, and either to display an ostentatious moderation, or to conceal his indignation, he accepted the submission of Catullus, and soon after invited him to supper; he also continued to make a home of his father's house as usual. Next to Cæsar, and to Mamurra, whose sumptuous posses sions proclaimed his ravages in Transalpine Gaul better than all the verse of Catullus, the principal objects of his satire were Gellius, Gallus, Vectius, Ravidus, Cominius, Nonius Struma, and Vatinius, all of them men whom he appears to have cordially hated. Mem mius, the avaricious prætor whom he attended into Bithynia, of course, does not escape it. He ridicules the incontinent foul-breatheds Emilius. He plays upon Volusius, a wretched writer of annals; Egnatius, his execrable poetic rival; Suffenus, a conceited scribbler, with whom be includes Casius and Aquinius, two literary pests; and lastly the weak orator Sextius, at the recital of whose cold compositions, he ludicrously says that he took cold himself.¶ Catullus also makes satirical mention of other characters, less important and less conspicuous in his verses: such as Sulla, a grammarian; the pompous poet Antimachus; Arrius, a violent aspirator of words,** whose uncle Liber had the same defect; Fuffitius, an old secretary of Cesar's, together with Otho and Libo, whose dirty feet are noticed; Porcius and Socration, tools of * Carm. 26. + Cic. epist. ad Attic. b. 52. Carm. 41. Carm. 81. tt Carm. 51. the despoiling prætor Cn. Calpurnius Piso; the fetid Virro, if such be the real name of the person intended;* Rufus, who had a similar infirmity, and was most probably M. Cælius Rufus the orator; Silo, a pander; Vibennius and his son, the one a thief, and the other unnaturally infamous; the lascivious Aufilenus, brother of Aufilena, the mistress of Catullus; Rufa, of Bononia, wife of Menenus, and the mistress of Rufulus; Posthumia, a lady of bacchanalian fame; Balbus, Posthumus, and other obscure. characters mentioned in the poem to a harlot's door.† All these were exposed to the lash of an injured, and sometimes exasperated, poet; particularly those who presumed to rival him in the affection of his mistresses. He pursues them with keen and unremitting severity; he derides their pretensions, and exposes their personal infirmities, with a freedom of pencil and a broadness of expression, which compel us to consider him as one of the wittiest, and, at the same time, one of the most indecent, poets of antiquity. To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, Cadiz, Nov. 1809. ARRIVED here after a passage of eighteen days from Falmouth, which, at this season of the year, is not a long one; while at sea we experienced fair and foul winds, calms and storins, “tempest o'er tempest roll'd." I was comfortable on board the packet so far as related to sociability, there being above twenty passengers, some of whom are proceeding to different parts, of the Mediterranean; but the crowded state of "each in his narrow cell," was occasionally uncomfortable. We were prevented from making Cape Finisterre by a strong easterly wind, that blew just as we came into that lati tude; but in a day or two the wind changed, and light airs carried us gently along the coast of Portugal to the rock of Lisbon, as we call it, but the Portu güese call it Serra de Cintra; for it is not an insulated rock, but a vast promon tory, "whose haughty brow" marks the near approach to the Tagus. On the top is a convent, whose white walls glittered in the sun; and a few miles in a valley to the left, we plainly saw the town of Cintra, so lately made famous by the convention between the British and French commanders, Although this is a winter month, we already felt the delightful soft breezes of this climate. The setting sun formed a charming object, where we saw its golden rays spreading over an horizon of unbounded extent on the "vast Atlantic:" it was an evening picture which may in vain be sought for in England. We continued our course in-shore, and soon came off Cape St. Vincent, where the rocks seem to protect the land in a sort of defiance to the waves of the ocean. We stood in sufficiently close to see the inhabitants of the country walk ing to the convent, it being on a Sun day. This is a large irregular building, almost on the edge of a high range of rocks: and the end of it towards the sea exhibits a large cross on the wails. Near it is a fort, where the Spanish colors were hoisted to us: we, of course, returned the compliment. When we came near Ayamonte, some of our passengers went ashore, in consequence of the indisposition of a lady we had on board, and whose life might have been endangered had she remained lon ger at sea. A Spanish boat came along. side us; and on informing the sailors of the object wished for, they expressed a dislike to receive the invalid, and feared that their governor would not permit them to land her under the apprehension that a contagious disorder might be introduced into the place. Ayamonte is a frontier-town of Spain, on the river Guadiana; opposite to it is a frontier-town of Portugal, founded by the marquis de Pombal, during his prosperity as minister of that country, in the year 1752, and called Villa Real. They have both a handsome appearance from The intention of the other passengers was to mount their mules, and make an excursion hither; but their disappoint ment was great when they learned that to travel about seventy miles would cause them a tiresome ride of three days, if it were even possible for them to proceed at all, owing to the rains, and the consequent bad state of the roads. They, therefore, reluctantly relinquished their scheme, and had the mortifying fatigue of rocking two days and a night in an open dirty fishing-boat, to come here in time to look at the place for a few mi- ́ nutes, and then make sail after the packet, which is allowed to wait only twenty-four hours, and had just weighed an chor to pursue her voyage. Immediately on our anchoring, we were surrounded by boats with fruit, &c. The men wore the national cockade, (which I have already found requisite to adopt, in order to avoid insult;) and we soon landed at the quay, amid the noise, confusion, and curiosity, of hundreds of dirty boatmen, porters, &c. which was truly offensive. It was necessary that our baggage should be examined, and for this purpose it was carried to an office; the inspectors appeared inclined to give the trouble of opening every package: but a dollar ohviated this ceremony. On coming however to the Barrier, another exhibition was to take place; and here, each trunk was opened and submitted to a search by the hand, before we were suffered to proceed. A porter then conducted me to the largest, and, as it is termed, the best inn in the place. I did not expect to meet with the comforts of an English inn, hut was much surprised to observe the absence of almost every decent convenience. My lodging-room resembles the cell of a prison; the floor is of brick, the window small, with iron bars, and no glass, but a wooden shutter closes it at night A mattress of wool is lain on a web, which is stretched by a wooden frame, and a chair serves for the wash-hand stand. I could not refrain remarking the nature of our accommodation to the landlord, whose reply was, "Why, sir, this is the same hotel that my lord and lady H-resided in while they were at Cadiz." The smell of tobacco-smoke, oil, and garlick, is predominant in almost every thing; the oil is such as is used in manufactories in England, and the fish, poultry, and beef, partake of it, unless it is hoiled. The coffee at breakfast is excellent, but it Having been here a few days, I have at length found out a French hotel, where the table is chiefly surrounded by Englishmen. The expences of board and lodging are two dollars a day, for which we have a breakfast of tea, coffee, and chocolate, a dinner, and supper. The hour of dinner is generally two o'clock, among persons of all ranks; but the Spaniards begin to complain of an encroachment in this regulation, in consequence of so many English being here, who rather extend, or wish to extend, the time. The heat of the climate is the reason for adopting this custom; in the summer season, the scorching sun does not allow people to take much exercise in the afternoon: they commonly recline on the sofa, and enjoy the siesta or nap, and do not walk out until the evening breeze springs up. Our dinner usually consists of a great number of dishes, the Spaniards liking to please the palate with every variety of cookery. Soup is always at table, made either of pulse or animal food, which is boiled so long as not to retain any flavor of the meat; this is eaten with vegetables, such as cauliflower, cabbages, &c. which is plentifully seasoned with rancid oil, garlick, &c. and is called an olio; a dish inuch esteemed. Poultry, wild fowl, fish, and game, form the remainder of the courses; fruit, of various sorts, succeed before the cloth is removed. Water or sherry wine is taken with the dinner, and with moderation afterwards; coffee is then prepared in an adjoining room; sometimes a glass of liqueur finishes the ceremony, and is a signal for withdrawing. At dinner, each person is furnished with a napkin, and a roll of bread; one knife will often serve for several persons, the fork and the spoon being mostly used by the ght hand, while the left holds a crust of bread, which is continually soaked in the gravy; a Spaniard not eating in a yery delicate manner at table. The evening is generally spent at the theatre, or at the card-table; the actors and music are tolerably good, the house is spacious, and has three tier of boxes, but they are all private; so that unless a friend is known who rents one of them, there is no getting a seat. The pit is then only open, or a bench which is in front of the first tier of boxes, and con tains about a hundred persons. To enter the theatre the expence is trifling, but troublesome; having to pay at two doors for tickets of admission, where you are pestered by persons stationed to solicit money for charities; these tickets, being delivered at the entrance, another must be procured in order to get a sitting; this will cost one or two shillings; it has the number of the seat you can occupy and no other; the pit will contain only a certain number of persons, so that without having such ticket you have no claim to a seat. The pit is appropriated exclusively for men; some of them rent their places for a certain time, to which they have a lock and key; the gallery over the boxes, is filled entirely by fes males, and guards are stationed in the passages leading to it to prevent improper access to them. A ludicrous circumstance occurred the night I was there; in the midst of the per formance of a comedy, I was surprised to observe on a sudden a profound silence, while the actors and the audience fell on their knees, remaining in this posture a few minutes! I was naturally desirous to know the cause, and was informed that the "host" was carrying to the house of a dying person, in order to administer the sacrament. The procession on these occasions is forme of a great number of clergy, preceded by a warning bell, and a blaze of torches at night; the " holy wafer" being borne by a priest, who sits in a chair. On their approach every one within sight or hearing falls on his knees, whether in the street or in a house, and remains, or is supposed to remain, in prayer while the procession passes. The weather or the place does not excuse the omission of this duty; the porters with a load on their backs will stand still, and a regiment of soldiers will fall on their knees on the parade, on these occasions. In fact no one is exempt from this obeisance, and heretics commit an open offence if they do not passively con form to it. But among the public acts of Catholic devotion, none is certainly so apparently religious religious as the "oration," which is a prayer said every evening about half-past five o'clock; it is a time when the whole nation are at once supposed to be offering up than's for their preservation in the past day, and imploring the continuance of God's protection; the solemnity of it cannot for the moment be exceeded. The time is announced by the tolling of a bell, when every one pauses in his occupation and conversation; in the streets the men stand uncovered, and the ladies bend their eyes to the ground; the most profound silence existing until the bell again tolls. In all possible cases the Spaniards seem to respect religion; for, on passing a church while service is performing, every one takes off his hat. The popular piece now performing is the "Patriots of Aragon," written to exhibit many occurrences that have happened at the siege of Sarragoza. It is, as you may suppose, filled with fine sentiments of loyalty; and the active part which the women took in the defence of that place, is represented by the introducing a band of females led by an Aurazon, who marches them in file to the right and left, in the true spirit of cha racter. We ought not to suppose that at this time the Spaniards wanted the stage to excite them to loyalty; but I can already discover the mixture of zeal and indifference, of loyalty and disloyalty, of unanimity and opposition, to the cause in which the nation is engaged; and one half of the people seem to care but little who governs them. A comedy was performed last night, in which the hero with great humour and correctness went through the several characters of a porter, a captain in the army, a nobleman, a relation in mourn ing, an old lover, a writing-master, and last of all a father confessor, before he could obtain his suit with his Dulcinea: the last character had its effect, by shewing the superiority of the clergy over other personages, and how little their intentions are suspected when they ought most to be watched. Voltaire says: Les prêtres ne sont point ce qu'un vain peuple pense: Notre credulite fait tout leur science. The people vainly give to priests a name: Cadiz has a most beautiful appearance from the harbour; it is entirely surrounded by fortifications; the houses are all built of stone, neatly white-lined they are lofty and large, It has only two entrances; one at the quay, the other at this end of the peninsula; at each an officer's guard is always on duty, and the gates are locked every night at beat of drum. The streets are so narrow that two carriages can pass but in few of them; they run nearly all at angles, and thus a current of air is always flowing through them. The houses are lofty, built much alike with stone, and on the outside look like rows of prisons; for although the windows are glazed, they are defended by massive iron bars, and very few have any apartments below stairs, but warehouses. The shops make a very indifferent appearance, few of them having sashes, and their only light is from the door-way; they are consequently not attractive to the eye; and as they seldom lead into the house, or if they do, it is the singular custom to lock the door while the family is at dinner. The entrance to a house is by a large folding door into a porch, where is a bell; on ringing it the second door is opened by pulling a string from above; this door leads to the staircase by the side of a court, called the “patio,” which is usually covered with marble, and around it are the ware-rooms, cellars, &c.; underneath is a tank containing rain-water, which is conveyed by pipes from the flat roof of the house, and in this manner is obtained one-third of the yearly consumption. I before told you of the noisy reception we met with on landing; it arose from the frequent passing of boats to and from Port St. Mary, a town on the opposite side of the Bay; the boa'men are continually in a bustle, signifying their departure by the cry of Puerta!" which they bawl out with a long accent to the last letter; to this noise is added that of the fruit-sellers, and water-venders, who announce their articles in the same sonorous manner. Fresh water is plentifully supplied from port St. Mary, and excepting from the rain none else is had here; the soil is rock and sand, and therefore if wells are sunk they are brackish. Hundreds of supply this ingredient; it is sold in the men and asses are daily employed to streets by barrow-men, who wheel it about in jars, and dispose of it to the poor at per glass-ful, to which they add a few aromatic seeds, such as cairaway, coriander, &c. (To be continued.) MEMOIRS MEMOIRS AND REMAINS OF EMINENT PERSONS. [The following particulars respecting one of the most distinguished military characters of the 17th and 18th centuries, are extracted from a work printed last year at Weimar, from a manuscript partly dictated by the prince, and partly in his own hand writing. It is written in French; the events of each year are separately detailed, and the work forms an octavo volume of near 200 pages. As the sentiments of this great man respecting English affairs in general, and his account of the campaigns which he made in conjunction with the ilJustrious Marlborough, and other English officers, must be the most interesting to the British reader, it is to this part of his memoirs that particular attention will be paid in these extracts.] TH E prince having entered in 1683, at the age of 20, into the service of the emperor Leopold I. commenced his military career at the celebrated siege of Vienna. Before the expiration of that year he was appointed colonel of a regiment of dragoons; at twenty-one he was promoted to the rank of major. general; at twenty-five to that of lieutenant-general; and, before he had been ten years in the service, he became a field-marshal. For this rapid advance ment he was indebted only to his extraordinary talents and success. Passing over his early campaigns against the Turks, and against the French in Italy, where he was opposed to the celebrated Catinat, we shall commence with the events of the year 1697; when he was at the head of the imperial army, acting against the former power.. 1697. The Turks are never in a hurry. The grand signor, Kara Mustapha, himself did me the honor to arrive at Sophia with his army in the month of July. I collected mine at Veris Marton; I called in Vaudemont and Rabutin, as it appeared to me to be the grand signor's design to make him self master of Titul, that he might be able to lay siege to Peterwaradin. I encamped on the 26th of August at Zenta. General Nehm was attacked. I arrived too late to his assistance, but nevertheless praised him, for he could not have held out any longer, overwhelmed as he was by numbers. God be thanked, 1 never complained of any one, neither did I ever throw upon another the blame of a fault or misfortune. Titul was burned. remained on this side of the Danube, The grand vizir which it was necessary for the grand signor to cross before he could lay siege to Peterwaradin; but marching along the bank of the river, and concealing my intention by my skirmishes with the spahis, I got before him, passed the bridge, and thus saved the place. This march, I must own, was well conducted, and equivalent to a victory. I entrenched myself with great dispatch, and the enemy durst not attack me. Among some prisoners that we took, there happened to be a pacha, whom I designs of Kara Mustapha; but four questioned in vain respecting the hussars, with drawn sabres, ready to cut him in pieces, extorted the confession that the enemy at first intended to make an attempt on Segedin; but that the grand signor having afterwards changed his mind, had already begun to cross the Teisse; and that great part of the army under the command of the grand vizir was still in good entrenchments near Zenta. I was marching to attack them, when a cursed courier brought me an order from the emperor, not to give battle under any circumstances what ever. I had already advanced too far. By stopping where I was, I should have lost part of my army, and my honor. I put the letter in my pocket, and, at the head of six regiments of dragoons, approached so near to the Turks, as to perceive that they were all preparing to pass the Teisse. I rejoined my army with a look of satisfaction, which, I was told, was considered a good omen by the soldiers. I began the engagement by charging myself two thousand spatiis, whom I forced to return to their entrenchments. A hundred pieces of cannon annoyed me greatly. I sent orders to Rabutin to advance his left wing so as to form a curve towards the right: and to Stahrenberg, who commanded the right, to do the saine towards the left, with a view to take in the whole entrenchment by a semicircle. This I could not have ventured to do before Catinat, who would have interrupted me in so slow and so complicated a movement. The Turks, however, gave me |