attributed, if we have not been misinformed, all the scientific part of the present enlarged edi tion. We do not wish to say any thing in disparagement of the botanical knowledge of Mr. Aiton, we believe that he may have made as great progress in the acquirement of the science as his horticultural duties (more extensive we understand than those of his father,) allowed him to attain; but whilst it is so notorious that all the science of the work is due to the labours of another man, we cannot perceive the justice or policy of keeping his name out of the view of the public. Should it be argued that Mr. Dryander chose to decline having his name appear as the author of a work, which however superior as the catalogue of a garden, may be supposed to be hardly adequate to his established reputation as a naturalist, yet one would suppose, that some regret would have been expressed at not being permitted to mention the name of the botanist to whose abilities so much was due. Useful and scientific as this work must appear, beyond any of the kind since the Hortus Cliffortianus of Linnæus, we do not doubt but that it would have been still much more perfect had, the name of the real author been seen in the title-page. A man is not likely to take the same pains when he writes for another as when he feels his own reputation involved in the success. Much will be slurred over that required laborious investigation to bring it to that state of perfection which would satisfy the learned author, if he considered his fame at all at stake. The plan of the work has been to follow the systematic arrangement as laid down in Willdenow's edition of the Species Plantarum, and in general no synonym is repeated that has been quoted by him, unless as authority for the time in which the plant had been cultivated, except in a few instances where Willdenow may have quoted any of our modern periodical publications, all of which are professedly referred to, both for the sake of the English reader, for whose use the catalogue has been principally compiled, and to show to those foreigners into whose hands it may fall, that Englishmen have not of late years been inattentive to the advancement of their favourire study." The work is professedly a compilation, but a compilation made under the eye of a master with a head and hand capable of supplying the desiderata, and knowing where to make an election. Thus, where any capable botanist has studied any particular branch of the science, his arrangement and characters have been in general adopted, so at the very outset of the work, in the class monandria and order monogynia, which contain the natural order of the scitamineæ, the dissertation on this order by the learned Mr. Roscoe of Liverpool, published in the eighth volume of the Transactions of the Linnean Society, seems to be pretty generally followed. We purpose, in a future Report, to give a further account of the novel matter contained in this valuable volume. NATURALIST'S MONTHLY REPORT. AUGUST. Reaping Month. Pour'd from the villages a numerous train Now spreads o'er all the fields. In form'd array ON nearly every day from the 1st to the 16th of August, we have had rain; and from the 16th to the end of the month, the finest harvest weather imaginable. In the night of the 2d, there were several heavy showers; and in the night of the 12th, a tremendous storm of wind and rain. The prevailing quarters of the wind, have been north and west. It was in the south-west on the 3d, 4th, 6th, 7th, 10th, 11th, 22d, 26th, and 29th. There were strong gales on the 4th, 8th, 11th, 12th, and 13th. In the evening of the 24th, there was a heavy fog; and in that of the 29th, we had thunder. Since the fine weather commenced, we have had lightning almost every night. During the latter fifteen days of the month, the weather has been very hot. The flights of cross-bills, which have visited England this summer, are very remarkable. Many of these birds have been shot, and several caught in this neighbourhood. The keeper of a public-house, who has some apple trees in his garden, missed, one morning, a great part of his fruit, and supposed that his garden had been robbed. He however soon found that a flock of cross-bills, which had their quarters in an adjacent plantation of fir trees, had been the depredators. By means of limed sticks, he caught some of them, and has them now in cages, where they seem perfectly tame. These birds are chiefly inhabitants of the forests of the northern parts of Europe, and seldom visit our island. They are said to feed chiefly on the seeds of the fir tree, which they thus extract from the husk. They bring into contact the extremities of their crossed beak, and then inserting it into the cavity where the seed is deposited, suddenly cross it again ; and in so doing, the seed is forced out. August August 3. The small brown beetle denominated by Linnæus plinus pectinicornis, appears on old wood. August 6 The meadow saffron (colchicum autumnale,) soap-wort (saponaria officinalis,> strawberry trefoil (trifolium fragiferum,) yellow medick (medicago falcata,) common St. John's wort (bypericum perforatum,) trailing St. John's wort (hypericum bumifusum,) and marsh St. John's wort (hypericum elodes,) are now in flower. August 16, The wheat harvest has commenced. Lapwings begin to congregate. August 13. The young broods of wasps have come to life, and are flying about in immense Яumbers. It is remarked by Mr. Markwick, in his edition of the Rev. W. White's Natural History of Selborne, that, in the year 1775, these insects abounded so prodigiously, that in the month of August, no fewer than seven or eight nests were plowed up in one field. The goat suckers have not yet left us. August 20. The emperor moth (bombyx pavonus of Haworth,) and the drinker moth (bombyx potatorius,) fly abroad. August 24 House flies are now abundant. The clouded-yellow butterflies (papilio edusa) are seen flying about the hedges and fields. August 27. It was supposed that the bees would have been very unproductive this year; But the late fine weather, after the rain which preceded it, has tended greatly to recover them. The wheat harvest is nearly at an end, and the whole crop has been harvested in this part of the country, without a single wet day. ilampshire. August 30. METEOROLOGICAL REPORT. Observations on the State of the Weather, from the 24th of August 1810, to the 24th of September 1810, inclusive, Four Miles N.N.W. of St. Paul's. Barometer. Highest, 30-00. Sept. 7 and 15. Wind N. 15. On the 3d of Sept. the mercury was as Ligh as 73°, and on the next day it was no higher than 50o. · THE quantity of rain fallen this month, is equal to about two inches in depth. Never was there a more favourable season for the gathering and housing the corn: its late. ness has been amply repaid by its excellence. We remark, that there have been out of thirty-one days scarcely more than six or eight on which there has been rain; and almost all the others may be denominated brilliant. The weather has not only been finer, but the temperature has been, on the average for the whole month, higher (viz. 63° nearly,) than it has been all the summer: In June, the average heat was - July, Aug. Sept. 619 2 60 9 60 62 8 The hottest day in the year was on Sunday the 2d of September, when the mercury stood as high as 810; besides this, it stood at 80o on the 1st; was one other day at 79°; one at 78; four at 77°; and once at 76o. A few days have been cold; and once or twice there were severe storms: and in the night of the 31st ult. the thunder was louder than was ever remembered to have been heard. The wind has been chiefly N. N.W. On this hill there have been two thick fogs, brought by southerly winds. Highgate, Sept. 24, 1810. ERRATA. In the first article of this Magazine, signed COMMON SENSE, page 202, col. 1, line 3, for "service," read "privilege;" And in the note relative to a communication of the same correspondent, at page 199 of our last, transpose the words "on the country bankers, to meet the general run," into to meet the general run on the country bankers." Page 214, col. 1, for "Reddlestone," read "Keddlestone." PRICES PRICES OF STOCKS, from the 26th of AUGUST to the 25th of SEPTEMBER, both inclusive. 1810. queg Stock. 13 per Ct. Reduc. Consols. 4 per Ct. Navy 5 per Ct. Long Ann. Imper. 3 per Ct. Imper. Ann. Irish 5 per Ct. Stock. India Bonds. S. Sea Stock. ΡΙΟ Ann. New Ann. Aug. 27 2604 683 681000 85 999 18-36 28. 260 69. 29. 260 69 68 3 854 999 1876 67 30.2606968 85 993 1876 31 258 69 684 8531 99% 1876 9 Sept. 1. 68 68 68 858 99% 1876 3. Holiday. 22 15 0 22 15 257 68 67268 85 8 99 181 98 1801 23 P. 5 P.2 Dis. 68 22 15 O 99 18 67 68 991 2 P. 3 Dis 66 22 15 22 P. 675 P. 3 Dis 68 22 15 0 7 673 68 99 5 P. 3 Dis 684 22 15 0 67/7/ 68 994 180 25 P. 5 P. 10 67368 991 5 P. 3 Dis. 68 22 15 673 991 675 P. 3 Dis. 68 68422 15 12. 67 992/ 66 24 P. 5 P. 3 13 674 Dis. 68 P. 6 Dis 671⁄2 14 671 991 25 P. 4 Dis. 67 15 074300 991 25 P. 5 P. + Dis. 67 17 663 671 983 24 P. 5 P. Dis. 66 18 984 21 P. 19 04를 65를 981 63 13 P. O pa 6 Dis. 20. 65 66 98/ 15 P. 65 3 P. 5 Dis. 643 652 22 15 6526622 15 이 21. Holiday. 22 15 Ο 22. Ditto. N. B. In the 3 per Cent, Consols the hughest and lowest Prices are given; in the other Stocks, the highest only. WM. TURQUAND, Stock and Exchange Broker, No. 9, St. Michael's Alley, Cornhill. THE MONTHLY MAGAZINE. No. 205.] NOVEMBER 1, 1810. [4 of VOL. 30. As long as thofe who write are ambitious of making Converts, and of giving their Opinions a Maximum of Influence and Celebrity, the most extensively circulated Mifcellany will repay with the greatest Effect the Curiofity of thofe who read either for Amufement or Intruction.-JOHNSON. ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. For the Monthly Magazine. [The intelligence that a French fleet was sailing victorious in the English Channel, could scarcely be considered more important to the interests of Great Britain, than the facts contained in the following Report. It appears, that while the lion and the bear are contending for the prize, the fox is carrying it off.. While Great Britain is contending against the chimera of French commerce and competition, and encumbering herself with a worthless paper currency to support such a contest; while her merchants are solely occupied in discounting accommodation-bills at the Bank of England; and while that bank itself is supporting ruinous monopolies and combina tions in every branch of trade, by such discounts; America is rapidly undermining the foundations of our national wealth, and rivalling all our staple manufactures. The relative prospects of the two coun tries, may be compared to those of two tival traders in the same town, one of whom carries on his trade by means of accommodation-bills, and issues of promissory notes; and the other pays for every thing in cash, and trades on his stock of cash, which is constantly increasing. The event cannot be doubtful, as we witness the parallel and its effects every seven years, in every trading street in the empire. There is, in this reasoning, no speculation or dubious hypothesis; and it behoves our statesmen forthwith to re-tread their steps, to put an end to factitious currency, to allow no currency but specie, or no paper which is not the sign of it, and convertible into it at pleasure; in short, it behoves them to restrict and regulate the deleterious operations of the Bank of England, which, by its discounts, fosters monopolies of every kind, and gives a factitious value to all the necessaries of life. The Bank of England, it is to be feared, is becoming a sort of Pandora's box to this empire, and our trade must depart to other MONTHLY Mas. No. 205. regions, if it is to continue to be dependant REPORT of the SECRETARY of the TREA- THE + HE following manufactures are carried on to an extent, which may be considered adequate to the consumption. of the United States; the foreign articles annually imported, being less in value than those of American manufacture belonging to the same general class, which are annually exported, viz. wood is the principal material.-Leather Manufactures of wood, or of which tallow candles.-Spermaceti oil and canand manufactures of leather.-Soap and dles. Flax-seed oil.-Refined sugar.Coarse earthen-ware.-Snuff, chocolate, hair-powder, and mustard. The following branches are firmly established, supplying, in several instances, the greater, and in all a considerable part of the consumption of the United States, viz. Iron and manufactures of iron.-Manufactures of cotton, wool, and flax.Hats.-Paper, printing types, printed books, playing cards. Spirituous and malt liquors. Several manufactures of hemp.-Gun-powder.-Window glass. factures of lead.-Straw bonnets and -Jewelery and clocks.-Several manuhats.-Wax candles. Progress has also been made in the following branches, viz: Paints and colours; several chemical preparations, and medicinal drugs; salt; manufactures of copper and brass; japanned and plated ware; calico printing; queen's and other earthen and glass wares, &c. Many articles, respecting which no information has been received, are un doubtedly omitted; and the substance of important branches, is comprehended the information obtained on the most under the following heads: 2 Q Wood Wood and Manufactures of Wood.All the branches of this manufacture are carried to a high degree of perfection, supply the whole demand of the United States, and consist principally of cabinet ware, and other household furniture, coaches and carriages, either for pleasure or transportation, and ship-building. The ships and vessels above twenty tons burthen, built in the United States during the years 1801 a 1807, measured 774,922 tons, making on an average about 110,000 tons a-year, and worth more than six millions of dollars. About tw-thirds were registered for the foreign trade, and the remainder licensed for the coasting trade and fisheries. Of the other branches, no particular account can be given. But the annual exportations of furniture and carriages amount to 170,000 dollars. The value of the whole, including ship-building, cannot be less than twenty millions of dllars a year. Under this head may also be mentioned pot and pearl-ash, of which, besides supplying the internal demand, 7,400 tons are annually exported. Leather and Manufactures of Leather. -Tanneries are established in every part of the United States, some of them on a very large scale; the capital employed in a single establishment amounting to one hundred thousand dollars. A few hides are exported, and it is stated that onethird of those used in the great tanneries of the Atlantic states, are imported from Spanish America. Some superior or particular kinds of English leather, and of morocco, are still imported; but about 350,000lbs.* of American leather are annually exported. The bark is abundant and cheap; and it appears that hides cost in America 54 cents, and in England seven cents a pound; that the bark used for tanning, costs in England, 'nearly as much as the hides, and in America not one-tenth part of that sum. It is at the same time acknowledged that much American leather is brought to market of an inferior quality, and that better is generally made in the middle than in the northern or southern states. The tanneries of the state of Delaware employ collectively a capital of one hun. dred and twenty thousand dollars, and ninety workmen, and make annually 100,000 dollars-worth of leather. Those Unless otherwise stated, the impor. tations and exportations are, in this Report, ta en on the average of the years 1806 and 7817. of Baltimore amount to twenty-two, seventeen of which have together a capital of 187,000 dollars, and tan annually 19,000 hides, and 25,000 calf skins. Morocco is also made in several places, partly from imported goat skins, and principally from sheep skins. And it skins, which form an article of exportamay be proper here to add, that deer tion, are dressed and manufactured in the United States to the amount required for the consumption of the country. The principal manufactures of leather are those of shoes and boots, harness, and saddles. Some inconsiderable quantities of the two last articles are both ïmported and exported. The annual im◄ portation of foreign boots and shoes, amounts to 3,250 pair boots and 59,000 pair of shoes, principally kid and mo rocco. The annual exportation of the same articles of American manufacture, to 8,500 pair of boots and 127,000 pair of shoes. The shoe manufactures of New Jersey are extensive. That of Lynn, in Massachusetts, makes 100,000 pair of women's shoes annually. The value of all the articles annually manufactured in the United States, which are embraced under this head (leather), may be estimated at twenty millions of dollars. Soap and Tallow Candles.-A great portion of the soap and candles used in the United States, is a family manufacture. But there are also several establishments on an extensive scale in all the large cities, and several other places; Those of the village of Roxbury near Boston, employ alone a capital of one hundred thousand dollars, and make annually $70,000 pounds candles, 380,000 pounds brown soap, and 50,000 pounds Windsor and fancy soap, with a profit, it is said, of 15 per centum on the capital employed. The annual importations of foreign manufacture, are candles 158,000 pounds, soap 470,000 pounds. The annual exportations of domestic manufacture, ale candles 1,775,000 pounds, soap 2,220,000lbs. The annual value manufactured in the United States, and including the quantity made in private families for their own use, cannot be estimated less than eight millions of dollars. Spermaceti Oil and Candles.-The establishments for this manufacture are at Nantucket and New Bedford in Massachusetts, and at Hudson in New York. Besides supplying the whole of the domestic consumption, they furnished an 3. nually, |