6. Five classes of Old Testament types:-

(1) Typical persons, 248.

(2) Typical institutions, 249.

(3) Typical offices, 249.

(4) Typical events, 249.

(5) Typical actions, 249, 250.

7. Hermeneutical principles to be ob-
served:-

(1) All real correspondencies to be noted, 250.

1. The brazen serpent, 251.

2. Melchizedek and Christ, 251, 252.

(2) Notable differences and contrasts to be

observed, 252.

1. Moses and Christ, 253.

2. Adam and Christ, 253.

(3) Old Testament types apprehended only by

the Gospel revelation, 254.

8. Limitation of types:-

(1) Statement of Marsh, 255.

(2) Too restrictive a rule, 255.

(3) A broader principle allowable, 256.

(4) Qualifying observation, 256.

CHAPTER X.

Interpretation of Symbols.

1. Difficulties of the subject, 257.

2. Principles of procedure, 257.

3. Classification of symbols, 257, 258.

4. Examples of visional symbols:-

(1) The almond rod (Jer. i, 11), 258.

(2) The seething pot (Jer. i, 13), 259.

(3) The good and bad figs (Jer. xxiv), 259.

(4) The summer fruit (Amos viii, 1), 259.

(5) Resurrection of bones (Ezek. xxxvii,) 260.

(6) Golden candlestick, 260.

(7) The two olive trees (Zech. iv), 260-262.

(8) Image of Nebuchadnezzar's dream (Dan.
ii), 262.

(9) The four beasts of Dan. vii, 263.

(10) Riders, horns, and smiths (Zech, i), 263,

264.

(11) Flying roll and ephah (Zech. v), 264, 265.

(12) The four chariots (Zech. vi), 265.

5. These examples, largely explained by

the sacred writers, authorize three

fundamental principles:-

(1) The names of symbols are to be literally

understood, 266,

(2) Symbols always represent something dif-

ferent from themselves, 266.

(3) A resemblance is always traceable between

the symbol and the thing symbolized,

266.

6. No minute set of rules practicable,
266, 267.

7. Fairbairn's statement of principles, 267.

8. Same principles apply to material

symbols, 267.

9. Symbolism of blood, 268, 269.

10. Symbolism of the Mosaic tabernacle:-

(1) Import of the names employed, 269, 270.

(2) A divine-human relationship symbolized,
270, 271.

(3) The most holy place and its symbols :-

1. The ark, 271, 272.

2. The capporeth, or mercyseat, 272.

3. The cherubim, 272, 273.

(4) The holy place and its symbols:-

1. The table of showbread, 273.

2. The golden candlestick, 274.

3. The altar of incense, 274.

(5) Great altar and laver in the court, 274.

(6) The graduated sanctity of the holy places,

275.

(7) Symbolico-typical action of the high priest

on the day of atonement, 275, 276.

3.

The number seven, 290.

4. The number ten, 291.

5. The number twelve, 291.

6. Symbolical does not always exclude

literal significance, 292.

7. Time, times, and half a time, 292.

8. Forty-two months, 292.

9. The number forty, 293.

10. The number seventy, 293.

11. Prophetical designations of time,

293.

12. The year-day theory:-

(1) Has no support in Num. xiv and Ezek.

iv, 294, 295.

(2) Not sustained by prophetic analogy, 295,

296.

(3) Daniel's seventy weeks not parallel, 296.

(4) Days nowhere means years, 296, 297.

(5) The theory disproved by repeated fail-

ures, 297, 298.

13. The thousand years of Rev. xx, 298.

B. SYMBOLICAL NAMES:-

1. Sodom and Egypt, 299.

2. Babylon and Jerusalem, 299.

3. Returning to Egypt, 300.

4. David and Elijah, 300.

5. Ariel, 300.

6. Leviathan, 300.

C. SYMBOLISM OF COLOURS:-

1. Rainbow and tabernacle colours,

301.

2. Import and association of blue, 301.

3. Purple and scarlet, 301.

4. White a symbol of purity, 302.

5. Black and red, 302.

Symbolical import of metals and jewels,

303.

CHAPTER XIII.

Dreams and Prophetic Ecstasy.

1. Methods of divine revelation, 304.

2. Dreams recorded in the Scriptures,

304, 305.

3. Evince latent powers of the soul, 305.

4. Jacob's dream at Bethel, 305, 306.

5. Interpretation of dreams, 306.

6. Repetition of dreams and visions, 307.

7. Prophetic ecstasy :-

(1) David's Messianic revelation, 307.

(2) Ezekiel's visional rapture, 308.

(3) Other examples of ecstasy, 808, 309.

(4) The prophet personating God, 310.

8. New Testament glossolaly, or speaking

with tongues:-

The facts as recorded, 310, 311.

The miracle of Pentecost symbolical, 311.

(8.) A mysterious exhibition of soul-powers,

312.

3. The four

essential

thoughts, 329, 330.

prophetic

B. THE BRANCH OF JEHOVAH (Isa. Iv, 2-6):-

1. Translation, 330.

2. Two possible interpretations, 330,

C. IMMANUEL (Isa. vii, 14-16):-

PROPHECY-

(2) Their most striking aspects to be

noted, 323.

prophetic

1. The prophecy difficult and enig.

matical, 331.

2. Translation, 331, 332.

3. The various expositions, 332.

4. The most simple explanation iden.

tifies the virgin with the prophet's

wife, and the child Immanuel with

the Maher-shalal-hash-baz of chap-

ter viii, 1-3, 333, 334.

THE GALILEAN KING (Isa. ix, 1-7):-

1. Translation, 334.

2. The essential prophetic thoughts,

335.

E. THE SHOOT OF JESSE AND THE FINAL EX-

ODUS (Isa. xi, xii) :-

5.

6.

Cast in metaphorical forms, 336, 337.

Not to be literally interpreted, 337.

CHAPTER XVI.

Old Testament Apocalyptics.

1. Apocalyptics defined, 338.

2. Distinguished from prophecy, 338, 339.

3. Scope of biblical apocalyptics, 339.

4. Formal elements of apocalyptics, 339,

340.

341, 342.

3. Second Part: Jehovah's triumph and

glory 342.

4. Joel's prophecy a generic apocalypse,

343.

B. EZEKIEL'S VISIONS:-

1. Peculiarities of Ezekiel, 343.

2. Analysis of Ezekiel's prophecies,

3. The vision of new temple, land, and

city, 344.

4. The three different interpretations,

344, 345.

C. REVELATION OF DANIEL:-

1. Principles illustrated by Daniel's

double revelation of empires, 345.

2. Three current errors touching the

exposition of Daniel, 346.

3. All dogmatism and a priori as-

sumptions fatal to sound interpre-

tation, 346, 347.

4. Three prevalent interpretations,

8. The varied but parallel descriptions,
350, 351.

9. The prophet should be allowed to

explain himself, 351, 352.

10. The prophet's point of view in

chap. viii, 352.

11. Inner harmony of all the visions to

be sought, 352, 353.

2. Vision of the two beasts, 366.

3. Vision of Mount Zion, 367.

4. Vision of the seven last plagues, 368.

5. Vision of the mystic Babylon, 368.

(1) Mystery of the woman and beast, 369.

(2) The beast from the abyss, 370–372.

(3) Fall of the mystic Babylon, 372, 373.

6. Vision of parousia, millennium, and
judgment:-

(1) It is a sevenfold vision, 373.

(2) The millennium is the gospel period, 374

(3) The chiliastic interpretation without

sufficient warrant, 374, 375.

(4) The last judgment, 376.

(5) Visions transcending time-limit of the

book, 377.

(6) Millennium of chap. xx now in progress,
377, 378.

7. Vision of the New Jerusalem :--

(1) Meaning of the vision; three views,

378, 379.

(2) Comparison of Hag. ii, 6, 7 and Heb. xii,
26-28, 379, 380.

(3) Allusion of Heb. xii, 22, 23, 380, 381.

(4) New Jerusalem a heavenly picture of

what the tabernacle symbolized, 381,

382.

Conclusions touching biblical apocalyptics,

382.

CHAPTER XVIII.

No Double Sense in Prophecy.

viewed as two different world-

powers, 353, 354.

13. Conclusion: Daniel recognized a

sound interpretation, 383.

Median dominion as succeeding

the Chaldean, 354.

4.

No misleading designations of time in

ture no proof of double sense, 385.

5.

Misuse of the phrase "a thousand

prophecy, 385.

14. Prophecy of the seventy weeks,

354, 355.

15. Revelation of Dan. xi, 2-xii, 3, 355.

CHAPTER XVII.

The Apocalypse of John.

1. Systems of interpretation, 356.

2. Historical standpoint of the writer,

356.

3. Plan of the Apocalypse, 357.

years as one day," 386.

6. Bengel's fallacious treatment of Matt.
xxiv, 39, 387, 388.

7. Practical applications of prophecy may

be many, 388.

8. False prophetic interpretation some-

times due to mistaken notions of

the Bible itself, 389.

CHAPTER XIX.

Scripture Quotations in the Scripture.

1. Four classes of quotations:

(1) Old Testament quotations in Old Testa-

ment, 390.

(2) New Testament quotations from Old Testa-

ment, 390.

(3) New Testament quotations from New Test-

ament sources, 391.

(4) Quotations from apocryphal sources, 391.

2. Only Old Testament quotations in the

New Testament call for special her-

meneutical study, 392.

A. SOURCES OF NEW TESTAMENT QUOTATION :-

1. Septuagint version the principal

source, 392.

2. No uniform manner of quotation,
392, 393.

3. Currency of inaccurate quotation,

393.

B. FORMULAS AND METHODS OF QUOTATION :-

1. The verbal formulas employed, 394.

2. Appropriation of sentiment without

formal quotation, 394.

3. Furnish no law of general herme-

neutics, 395.

4. Not necessarily decisive of questions

of literary criticism, 395.

5. The formula iva πλnρwvñ :-

(1) Peculiar to Matthew and John, 395.

(2) Views of Bengel and Meyer, 396.

(3) The telic force of iva generally to be

maintained, 396, 397.

(4) The ecbatic sense need not in all

cases be denied, 397.

(5) The telic sense in formulas of prophetic

citation, 398.

(6) Hosea xi, 1, as cited in Matt. ii, 15, 398,

399.

C. PURPOSES OF SCRIPTURE QUOTATION:-

1. For showing its fulfilment, 399.

2. For establishing doctrine, 400.

3. For confuting opponents, 400.

4. For authority, rhetorical purposes,

and illustration, 400.

CHAPTER XX.

The False and the True Accommodation.

1. The rationalistic theory, 401.

2. Such a theory to be repudiated, 401.

3. The true idea of accommodation, 402.

4. Illustrated by Matthew's citation of

Jer. xxxi, 15, 402, 403.

CHAPTER XXI.

Alleged Discrepancies of the Scriptures.

1. General character of the discrepancies,

404.

2. Causes of discrepancies:

(1) Errors of copyists, 404, 405.

(2) Various names of one person, 404.

(3) Different methods of reckoning time, 404.

(4) Different point of view and aim, 404.

3. Discrepancies in genealogical tables :-

(1) Jacob's family record, 405.

1. The different lists compared, 406-407.

2. The historical standpoint of each list,

407, 408.

3. Hebrew style and usage, 408.

4. Substitution of names, 409.

5. Desire to have a definite and suggest◄

ive number, 410.

(2) The two genealogies of Jesus:-

1. Different hypotheses, 411.

2. Views of Jerome and Africanus, 412.

3. No hypothesis can claim absolute cer-

tainty, 413.

4. Hervey's theory, 413.

4. Genealogies not useless Scripture, 414.

5. Numerical discrepancies, 415.

6. Doctrinal and ethical discrepancies:-

(1) Supposed conflict between Law and Gose

pel, 416.

(2) Civil rights maintained by Jesus and Paul,

417.

(3) Avenging of blood, 418.

(4) Difference between Paul and James on

justification:-

1. Different personal experience, 419.

2. Different modes of apprehending and

expressing great truths, 420.

3. Different aim of each writer, 421.

4. Individual freedom of each writer, 421.

7. Value of biblical discrepancies:—

(1) To stimulate mental effort, 422.

1.

2.

3.

(2) To illustrate harmony of Bible and nature,

Harmony and Diversity of the Gospels.

The life of Jesus a turningpoint in the

history of the world, 423.

The Gospels a chief ground of conflict

between faith and unbelief, 423, 424.

Attempts at constructing Gospel Har-

monies, 424.

4. Use of such harmonies, 425.

A. THE ORIGIN OF THE GOSPELS:-

1. An original oral Gospel, 426.

2. No absolute certainty as to the par-

ticular origin of each Gospel, 427.

3. Probable suppositions, 427, 428.

B. DISTINCT PLAN AND PURPOSE OF EACH

GOSPEL:-

1. Tradition of the early Church, 428,429.

2. Matthew's Gospel adapted to Jewish

readers, 429.

3. Mark's Gospel adapted to Roman

taste, 429.

4. Luke's the Pauline Gospel to the

Gentiles, 430.

5. John's the spiritual Gospel of the

Christian life, 430, 431.

C. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SEVERAL EVAN-

CHAPTER XXIII.

Progress of Doctrine and Analogy of

Faith.

1. The Holy Scriptures a growth, 436.

2. Genesis a series of evolutions and rev-

elations, 437.

3. The Mosaic legislation a new era of

revelation, 437, 438.

Doctrine of God, 438, 439.

Superior ethical and civil code, 439.

(3) Pentateuch fundamental to Old Testa-

ment revelation, 440.

4. Divine revelation continued after

Moses, 440.

5. Theology of the Psalter, 440, 441.

6. The Solomonic proverbial philosophy,

441.

7. Old Testament revelation reached

highest spirituality in the great

prophets, 442-444.

8. Prophetic link between the Old and

New Testaments, 445.

9. Christ's teaching the substance but

not the finality of Christian doc-

trine, 445.

10. Revelation continued after Jesus' as-

cension, 446.

11. The New Testament epistles contain

the elaborated teaching of the apos-

tles, 446, 447.

12. The Apocalypse a fitting conclusion of

the New Testament Canon, 447, 448.

13. Attention to progress of doctrine a

help to interpretation, 448.

14. THE ANALOGY OF FAITH:-

:-

1. Progress of doctrine explains anal-

ogy of faith, 449.

2. Two degrees of analogy of faith:-

(1) Positive, 450.

(2) General, 450.

3. Limitation and use of analogy of

faith as a principle of interpretation,

451.

(3) The doctrine of Eternal Punishment:-

1. Absence of scriptural hope for the

wicked, 461, 462.

2. Import of Matt. xii, 32 and Mark iii,
29, 462.

3. Preaching to the spirits in prison, 462.

(4) Doctrine not confined to one portion,

class, or style of Scripture, 463.

(5) Eschatology taught mainly in figurative

language, 464.

(6) Doctrine of the resurrection, 464.

(7) Freedom from prepossession and presump-

tion, 465.

(8) Texts not to be cited ad libitum, 465, 466.

8. New Testament doctrine not clear

without the help of the Old, and vice

versa, 466, 467.

9. Confusion of Hebrew and Aryan modes

of thought, 467.

10.

Practical and homiletical use of Scrip

ture:-

(1) Must be based on true grammatical inter-

pretation, 468.

(2) Personal experiences, promises, admoni.

tions, and warnings have lessons for all

time, 468, 469.

(3) No true application of Scripture without

correct interpretation, 469, 470.