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the south, surrounded a body of arable land over which the great arteries of commerce must pass as they connect the east and the west. highway will never be abandoned, and will be one of the most potent factors in always keeping Ohio an integral part of the Union. New England, the Pacific states or the Gulf region may develop sectional ideas, but states traversed like Ohio can never be aught but National in idea and spirit.

Looking on Ohio as an agricultural field, we find that by the census of 1880 a yield of 188,933,077 bushels of cereals were grown. Combining the great countries of Great Britain, Austria and France, with an aggregate area eleven times as large, we find they produce an average of about fifteen hundred bushels per square mile, or near 900,000,000 bushels. Ohio produced more than four thousand bushels per square mile, or nearly eighty bushels for each inhabitant. The countries named raised about five bushels to each inhabitant. It is easy to see which must feed the other.

McGregor says, in his statistics of domestic animals, that the old countries show an average of less than two domestic animals to each inhabitant. Ohio shows a little over three. Estimating these agricultural values at the current prices of the time, Ohio produces enough for her own use, and for export more than $100,000,000 worth. Of Ohio's 26,086,440 acres, 24,529,276 acres are returned in farms, and of these, 18,081,091 acres are improved lands. Their value is $1,127,497,353, or more than any single state in the Union. Ohio is first in farms between twenty and fifty acres each, and between fifty and one hundred acres each, showing her soil is more evenly distributed than her neighbors'.

Ohio is the thirty-third state in the Union in size, but by the census of 1880 is first in value of farms, in number of sheep, and in number of pounds of wool. In this last she leads all other states by more than nine million pounds-California coming second. Further, Ohio is second in number of farms of all sizes, in number of bushels of buckwheat raised, in number of butter and cheese establishments, in number of persons employed in this industry, in number of pounds of milk used and in number of pounds of cheese made.

Ohio is third in improved land in farms; in the number of bushels of

wheat and Irish potatoes used; in capital employed in dairy interests; in amount of wages paid in same; in number of pounds of butter made, and in the total value of all dairy products.

Ohio is fourth in the value of farm implements in use; in the pounds of tobacco raised, and in the value of live stock.

Ohio is fifth in number of farms over 500 and less than 1,000 acres each; in the number of bushels of barley, Indian corn and oats raised, in the number of tons of hay grown, in the number of milch cows, number of swine and in number of cattle.

The industries of any state or country may be grouped under four general heads, viz: Agriculture, mining, manufactures, and commerce. Ohio's coal field covers an extent of country twelve thousand square miles, equaling in extent those of Great Britain. The coal beds are, however, more easily mined, though not so thick. Allowing nine feet. for an approximate thickness, the estimated yield would be about seventy billion tons, which at the present rate of consumption would require about eight thousand years for its exhaustion. Says the late Dr. John Shest:

"The out-put of coal in 1881 would have paved the National road forty-five feet wide and five feet deep across the state, or would make a carbon ribbon fifteen inches wide and one foot thick around the world at the equator."

Ohio is second in number of tons of bituminous coal mined, second in number of stone quarries, and fourth in their out-put.

Combining the product of the surface of the earthy and the product of its mines we have manufactures. In this industry, Ohio is first in capital employed, in value of material used, and in value of products. She is first in the manufacture of cotton-planters, fertilizers, grain drills, seed sowers, mowers and reapers combined, hay tedders, sickles, cloverhullers, corn-shellers, threshers, cider and wine presses, and horsepowers.

Ohio is first in the manufacture of glycerine, nitro-glycerine, and first in the number of brick and tile manufactories.

Ohio is second in the product of corn-planters, hay-loaders, lawn mowers, reapers, separators, fire brick and bromine. She is second in the number of iron and steel manufactures, number of blast furnaces,

number of rolling mills, number of bessemer and hearth steel works, in the number of coke establishments and in the number of curried leather establishments. In all these industries she stands second in capital employed, number of workmen, amount of wages paid, and in value of products.

Ohio is third in the manufacture of hoes, harvesters, hand-rakes, horse-rakes, potato-diggers, fanning mills and sulphate of ammonia. Ohio is third in the value of brick made and number of workmen employed; in capital employed in flour and grist mills; in number of bushels of wheat ground; in the number of tanned leather and sawn lumber establishment; in capital employed in paper mills, and in the number of meat packing establishments.

It is unnecessary to prolong these statistics of manufacturers. Enough is now given to show Ohio's place in the Union, a place she will not only maintain, but, if previous history is a criterion, one from which she will advance.

The products of the farmer, miner and manufacturer are of little value unless they can be transported where needed, and, hence, commerce comes as an important crowning factor in industrial civilization. In proportion to her area Ohio is first in number of miles of railroad (as it is she is fifth). More trunk lines cross Ohio than any part of our Union. Hence more freight and passengers are transported over our soil than any other state. Ohio is first in the lowest rates per mile for freight, second in tons of freight moved in her own limits, third in number of engines and freight cars in use and in capital employed in railroads.

She is fifth in number of passengers and in the number of passengers carried in her own area.

I have said that Ohio is third in population. Ohio is also third in the number of families, number of dwellings, number of persons engaged in agriculture and the professions. Ohio is fourth in number of persons engaged in all classes of occupations, in the number engaged in manufactures and in the total value of real and personal property.

The advancement of any nation is shown by its churches and its schools. The effect of the great awakening of religious interest in the country, about the opening of the present century, was to plant mission

aries in all the new settlements, who found an excellent field for their labors. To-day Ohio has more churches than any state in the Union, and, in proportion to her population, more communicants, and is third in the value of church property. In education Ohio is first in receipts for school purposes, second in expenditure, third in the number of elementary and high schools, in the number of teachers employed and in average daily attendance.

Ohio's comparative statistics could be very profitably and advantageously farther shown did time permit. Enough are given, however, to exhibit the relative position of the Buckeye State, a position at the end of her first century, of which all her citizens may justly be proud, and one they should not only maintain but advance. She has well earned her position in the galaxy of states. Four of her sons has occupied the Presidential chair; they have and do now occupy the seat of the chief justice. They have so made their influence felt for good that the epithet "Ohio men" is turning like its ancestor " Buckeye" to be a synonym worthy the aim of every man. We are approaching the close of its first centennial. It is proposed to celebrate that important epoch in a fitting manner and in a way of lasting benefit to the generation which must follow us. One year ago the Ohio Historical and Archæological Society was organized in Columbus, with so prominent a man as the Hon. Allen G. Thurman as president. One of its objects in organizing was to secure proper memorial exercises of the centennial's coming so soon in Ohio. It also gathers whatever relates to our history, and carefully preserves the same for the benefit of the people. Part of the plan is to have in all the schools of Ohio, April 7, 1888, centennial exercises commemorative of the first settlement of Ohio by Americans, April 7, 1788, at Marietta, on the Ohio river. The society is now preparing exercises for this occasion. It invites your help by membership, as entirely from that source comes its revenue. Already we have begun this work, and now see an increased demand for historical works, especially among the children of the state. If we rightly improve this opportunity we will inculcate a taste for wholesome reading that will be felt for many years. We further propose to gather in the fall of that year at our capital city and industrial exposition of Ohio's progress during her first century. We select Columbus because it is the capital

city; it is centrally located; we have a beautiful park of ninety acres, in which is being erected commodious buildings, so that by the year 1888, the end of the first cycle, we can show to all the people of the state, to the million Buckeyes in other states, to those Eastern States from which we came, and to all our neighbors, what Ohio has done, what she is and what she proposes to be. We of the younger generation earnestly hope the pioneers of our beautiful city of the lake may be permitted to live to see the end of this our first century, and with us join in our first centennial.

GENERAL LA FAYETTE'S RECEPTION.

Mrs. A. H. Norton, a resident of Cleveland, and a member of the Early Settlers' association, who is now eighty-three years old, has a vivid recollection of the reception given La Fayette on his second visit to this country, in 1824. She was then a young lady of twenty-one and a resident of New York city. She states that the reception was given at Castle Garden and continued for several days. The harbor was crowded with vessels of all nations with colors flying in honor of the occasion. The number of people that gathered to witness his landing was immense. He and his party were received by the civil authorities in carriages and escorted by the military, accompanied with bands of music, to the hotel at Castle Garden. General La Fayette bowed gracefully to the right and left as he passed the multitudes that thronged the way. On arrival at the hotel he was welcomed by an address, to which he briefly replied. Then followed introductions in rapid succession with a shake of the hand and a kind word from the general. Many of the gentlemen who were introduced were dressed in military uniform, while most of the ladies wore badges, consisting of gloves with the head of La Fayette printed on the back, and a white silk scarf thrown around the neck and pinned with a gold medal. The General was dressed plainly in broadcloth, with a badge stamped with the American eagle attached to the lapel of his coat.

Mrs. Norton says that an incident occurred in the introduction, which she will never forget. A young lady of great beauty and fasci