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CARTHAGE.

THE following notice, containing matter which could not conveniently be brought into the Notes, may be found useful.

1. Its situation. From the Pillars of Hercules, the north coast of Africa runs eastward to a point nearly due south of Florence; it then turns abruptly to the south. Just before it takes this turn there is a deep bay, formed by the easternmost promontory (Cape Bon), and another (Cape Farina) more westward. Carthage stood nearly midway in the bend of this bay, on a headland forming the northern side of an inner and smaller bay, now known as the Bay of Tunis.

2. Foundation. The legend of the foundation of Carthage is well known in its main points from Virgil. The introduction of Æneas is, of course, due to him, and has no foundation in the original legend.

It is not doubted that Carthage owed its origin to Phonician Tyre, about seventy years, as it is supposed, before the foundation of Rome. It is probable that, established at a period of great commercial enterprize and prosperity, it was at first only an emporium or factory, but from its advantageous position, and the influx of inhabitants from

other colonies, especially from Utica, (likewise a Phonician settlement, though of nearly three hundred years earlier date,) it gradually rose into sovereign importance, extending its dominion from the Pillars of Hercules almost as far as the great Syrtis.

3. History. The history of Carthage occupies three periods:

i. From the foundation to B.C. 410, which is the period of the great development of her power.

ii. From B.C. 410 to the commencement of her wars with Rome, B.C. 264.

iii. The period of her decline and fall, B.C. 264 to B.C. 146.

Of the first two of these periods it is beyond the purpose of this sketch to speak fully. It is enough to say that, partly from her superior situation, and partly, perhaps, from her being the latest and the favourite offspring of the mother state, partly from the shocks which the old Tyre received from the Assyrian and Babylonian conquests, her importance became greatly and soon developed, until her supremacy was established, not only over the surrounding peoples, but over the older Phoenician colonies in Africa, -Tunis, Hippo, Hadrumetum, and even Utica.

At the commencement of the third period, the period of the Punic wars, B.C. 264, and of her decline and fall, the power and resources of Cathage were very great.

In Africa she had absolute dominion over the Libyan, of comparatively settled peoples of the provinces of Zeugitana and Byzacium, from Hippo Regius on the west, to the lake