it is a act without reference to continuousness; momentary" tense, hence as a rule translate— ταῦτα πράξας ἀπῆλθε. ὡς ἐιπὼν τάφροιο δίεσσυτο. He did this and went away. Thus spake he and leaped o'er the trench. § 18. Do not hesitate to substitute active for passive, In Latin the passive is much commoner or vice versa. than the active. § 19. Adjectives must often be expanded by means of a substantive of explanation Bona institutio. Malum frigus. So, too, a mere epithet― Liberrime Lolli. The good results of education. The evil effects of the cold. My frank friend Lollius. § 20. Translate O Maecenas by Maecenas, & Zákρates, Socrates; O or & are usually omitted, only where we in English should insert O-i.e., to express surprise or protestation. § 21. Translate Latin and Greek verse into prose But unless a verse translation is specially asked for. verse quotations in a prose extract should, as a rule, be translated into verse. § 22. The ablative absolute in Latin (and in a less degree the genitive absolute in Greek) needs special care- -e.g., his factis may mean- -(i) when this was done; (ii) since this was done; (iii) he did this and; (iv) if this were done; (v) by doing this (instrumental); (vi) although this was done. The context alone can decide what is the exact meaning in a passage. § 23. Unless notes are specially asked for, only give such as are absolutely necessary to make your translation intelligible to an English reader. Notes should be very brief and to the point; they should as a rule be written in the margin, never interpolated into the text. § 24. In conclusion, to sum up— 1. Translate thoughts, not words. 2. Read your translation carefully through to ensure its being (a) sense, (b) English. HIGHER LATIN UNSEENS. I. MARCELLUS, non suam sententiam impugnari, sed consulem designatum censuisse, dicebat, secundum vetera exempla, quae sortem legationibus posuissent, ne ambitioni aut inimicitiis locus foret. Nihil evenisse, cur antiquitus instituta exolescerent: aut principis honor in cuiusquam contumeliam verteretur: sufficere omnes obsequio: id magis vitandum, ne pervicacia quorumdam irritaretur animus, novo principatu suspensus, et vultus quoque ac sermones omnium circumspectans. Se meminisse temporum, quibus natus sit, quam civitatis formam patres avique instituerint: ulteriora mirari, praesentia sequi: bonos imperatores voto expetere, qualescumque tolerare. Non magis sua oratione Thraseam, quam iudicio senatus, afflictum. Saevitiam Neronis per huiusmodi imagines illusisse: nec minus sibi anxiam talem amicitiam, quam aliis exsilium. Denique constantia, fortitudine, Catonibus et Brutis aequaretur Helvidius: se unum esse ex illo A senatu, qui simul servierit. Suadere etiam Prisco, ne supra principem scanderet: ne Vespasianum, senem triumphalem, iuvenum liberorum patrem, praeceptis coerceret. Quomodo pessimis imperatoribus sine fine dominationem, ita quamvis egregiis modum libertatis, placere. Haec, magnis utrimque contentionibus iactata, diversis studiis accipiebantur. Vicit pars, quae sortiri legatos malebat, etiam mediis patrum annitentibus retinere morem. Et splendidissimus quisque eodem inclinabat, metu invidiae, si ipsi eligerentur. 2. Thessalia, infelix, quo tanto, crimine tellus, Tot scelerum fatis premerent? Quod sufficit aevom, |