5. Ovary 2-celled; seeds numerous;
placentation axile; flowers unsym-
metrical *

6. Seeds solitary or twin; flowers sym-
metrical *

7. Ovary 1-celled; placentation free-
central

II. Flowers regular.*

a. Stamens indefinite.

8. Carpels more than 1, more or less
distinct as to styles; calyx perma-
nent; stamens sometimes definite
9. Carpels solitary; fruit a drupe

b. Stamens definite.

I. Trees or Shrubs.

10. Flowers with 2 stamens

11. Stigma expanded at the base, con-
tracted at the middle; the fruit of 2
follicles; leaves opposite

12. Leaves coriaceous, prickly; stamens
alternate with the petals; calyx im-
bricated

Scrophulariacea.

Verbenacea.

Lentibulariaceæ.

Rosacea.
Drupacea.

Oleaceae,

Аросупасеа.

Aquifoliacea.

Rhamnaceæ.

Staphyleaceæ.

Celastraceæ.

Thymelacea.

Sanguisorbacea.

Scleranthacea.

Saxifragaceæ.

Lythracea

21. Ovary 1-celled, many-seeded, with

2 parietal placenta; leaves opposite Gentianacea.
22. Flowers symmetrical; ovary many-
seeded; placentation axile

23. Calyx imbricated, distinctly in 2
rows; ovary 2- or 3- celled; ovules
few, erect; twining plants

24. Calyx not imbricated; ovary 3-celled;
ovules few

Placentation free-central.

25. Stamens long and weak, alternate
with the petals; stigma 1

Stamens opposite the petals.

26. Sepals 2. Succulent plants .
27. Ovary several-seeded

28. Stigmas 5; ovary 1-seeded.

III. EPIGYNOUS.

Solanaceæ.

Convolvulaceæ.

Polemoniacea.

Plantaginaceæ.

Portulacaceӕ.
Primulacea.
Plumbaginaceӕ.

Umbelliferæ.

10. Flowers with a disk; ovary 4-5-celled Araliaceæ.
11. Fruit double; styles 2; stem an-

gular; leaves whorled

12. All the parts of the flower a multiple
of 2; calyx valvate.

G'aliaceæ.

Onagracea.

Salicaceæ.

Myricacea.

Corylaceæ.

1. Fruit a cone; ovules naked .

I. Ovary superior.

2. Ovary 2-celled; seeds solitary
Ovary 1-celled.

3. Shrubs, with scurfy leaves, and soli-
tary seeds

Leaves not scurfy.

4. Seeds numerous, hairy

5. No calyx or corolla; seeds solitary,

erect; fruit a drupe

II. Ovary inferior.

6. Ovary 2- or more-celled

B. Flowers not in catkins but scattered.

a. Ovary consisting of only one superior carpel.
7. Stipules; leaves rough, often stinging Urticaceæ.
8. Submersed plants, with whorled
leaves and no stipules

Ceratophyllaceæ.

No stipules; flowers green. See p. 32 Chenopodiacea.

b. Carpels several.

9. Fruit dry, tricoccous. Often milky
plants

Euphorbiacea.

Empetraceæ.

10. Fruit succulent, several-celled; no
calyx or corolla

II. Petals present.

11. Aquatic plants, with very small
flowers and several superior con-
solidated carpels

12. Anthers sinuous; fruit pulpy, inferior,
1-celled, with 3 parietal placentæ
Leaves opposite, without stipules;
stem swoln at the joints; placentation
free-central. See p. 37.

a. Flowers perigynous.

Shrubs; stamens opposite the petals;
calyx valvate. See p. 68.
Stamens long and weak, alternate
with the petals. See p. 74. .

b. Flowers epigynous.

Callitrichacea.

Cucurbitacea.

Caryophyllacea.

Rhamnacea.

Plantaginaceae.

II. FLOWERS NOT GLUMACEOUS.

A. Flowers spiked.

4. Flowers hermaphrodite,

with true

calyx and corolla, but herbaceous,
dry, and permanent; spathe like the
leaf, not rolled up'; ovaries distinct,
superior
Flowers diclinous,* naked, or scaly.
5. Hooded spathe; anthers ovate, ses-
sile; ovules numerous; seed not
adherent to the pericarp; fruit suc-

culent

6. No spathe; anthers wedge-shaped,
with long filaments; ovules solitary;
seed adherent to the pericarp; fruit
dry.

Acoraceæ.

Araceæ.

Typhacea. B. Flowers not spiked, or if so, not spadiceous. I. Ovary superior.

7. Flowers dry and permanent, scattered Juncaceæ.

*See Exogens, page 1.