21. vos...

pepercisse: that you grudged the money.

Chapter LX. 24. in comitio: the northeast part of the forum, in front of the curia.

28. arbitris: including the delegates of the prisoners; see note to page 26, line 14. consuli: passive because individual members were called on by the presiding magistrate for their opinions. coeptus: passive form, according to the rule, with a passive infinitive.

29. publico: sc. aerario, or some such word.

32. mutuam: as a loan.

= prae, vas.

praedibus: sureties, bondsmen; praes

6

cavendum: that

33. praediis: landed estates, i.e. mortgages.' security should be given to the nation. T. Manlius Torquatus: consul in 235 and 224 B.C.; the surname was from the torque, or necklace, of a gigantic Gaul slain by his ancestor, 361 B.C.

34. priscae, etc.: Cicero would not thus join a genitive of quality with a proper name; cf. annorum, page 74, line 15, and note.

Page 207. 4. quid enim aliud quam: in translating, put quam directly before ut; aliud, B. 176, 2, a); A. 390, c; H. 409, 1; G. 333, 1. 19. ipsis: they too, as well as the Romans.

21. etiam per confertos: even if they had been in close array. 23. alium: i.e. Tuditanum. Nocte prope tota: rhetorical

exaggeration; cf. page 196, lines 8 sqq.

28. memoria: in the time of. P. Decius (Mus) secured the retreat of the Roman army in the first Samnite war, 343 B.C., by seizing and holding, with a small detachment, a position where their destruction by the enemy seemed almost certain.

30. priore: not primo, as the speaker knew of no third Punic war. Calpurnius Flamma, in 258 B. C., in Sicily, sacrificed himself and his detachment to save the army.

.

34. si ... diceret . . ducerem: a future or ideal condition thrown back into past time; A. 516, f; G. 596, 2.

35. vos here the speaker changes to the second person, and addresses the envoys of the captives directly; at line 15 of page 208 he changes again, and addresses the Senate.

=

Page 208. 10. deminuti capite: capitis deminutio was a loss or change of status; there were three degrees of it: maxima loss of liberty; media loss of citizenship; minima = change of family. These men suffered the maxima capitis deminutio, for they lost liberty as well as citizenship. Being no longer cives, they had no patria to regret. abalienati = privati.

18. conati sunt: attempted (and would have succeeded).

28. viginti milia: a round number, but an under-statement.

Page 209. 2. At . . . ad erumpendum, etc.: rhetorical statement, made in order to be contradicted with emphasis.

8. Orto sole: the speaker drops his irony and states the fact as

it was.

10. vobis: B. 188, 2, b); A. 380; H. 432; G. 351; addressing the Senate.

14. vos addressing the captives.

Chapter LXI. 27. in ... emendos: a rare construction in Livy for expressing purpose; but cf. page 94, line 20.

29. locupletari: a weak argument; the same result would follow if the prisoners were sold as slaves, and we learn that these very ones were sold in Greece for five hundred denarii apiece. (Livy, Book xxxiv., chap. 1.)

30. redimi: present, instead of future, showing the certainty of the decision.

33. fallaci reditu: cf. page 204, lines 15 sqq.

Page 210. 7. ita: on condition that.

lative subjunctive.

12. nec et . . . non.

14. per causam: under the pretext.

18. proxumis censoribus: temporal ablative.

19. notis: the nota was the censor's entry on the list of senators, equites, or citizens, giving the reason for the degradation of those whose names were removed therefrom; thence it came to mean any brand of disgrace.

21. foro from official life.

omni deinde vita: all the rest of

their lives. Cf. tres deinceps turres, page 81, line 7.

22. publico: cf. page 201, line 15, and note.

24. ea clades: i.e. the battle of Cannae.

25. vel ea res: even this fact.

Defecere: the nations here named

28. imperio: sc. Romano. did not all fall away at once, but gradually; but it was at this time that defection on a large scale began.

Page 211. 2. causa maxima: it is not unlikely that Varro, like Flaminius, has been made a scapegoat for the errors of the govern

ment. It is altogether probable that the Senate and people had resolved to fight a pitched battle and end a situation that was felt to be no longer tolerable. The extraordinary preparations and this subsequent action of the Senate support this view. After the event it was easy, and soon became traditional, to lay the blame on the plebeian consul.

3. frequenter: in crowds; see Valerius Maximus, iii. 4, 4.

5. nihil recusandum supplicii foret: there is no extreme of punishment that he would not have had to bear; the Carthaginians were in the habit of crucifying generals who were unsuccessful. 6. foret = esset.

By Professor CHARLES E. BENNETT, Cornell University. 12mo, cloth, 282 pages. Price, 80 cents.

N this book the essential facts of Latin Grammar are pre

Isented within the smallest compass consistent with high

scholarly standards. It covers not only the work of the preparatory school, but also that of the required courses in college and university. By omitting rare forms and syntactical usages found only in ante-classical and post-classical Latin, and by relegating to an Appendix theoretical and historical questions, it has been found possible to treat the subject with entire adequacy in the compass of 250 pages exclusive of Indexes. In the German schools, books of this scope fully meet the exacting demands of the entire gymnasial course, and those who have tried Bennett's Grammar find that they are materially helped by being relieved of the mass of useless and irrelevant matter which forms the bulk of the older grammars. All Latin texts for reading in secondary schools, recently issued, contain references in the notes to Bennett's Latin Grammar.

Professor J. H. Westcott, Princeton University: Bennett's Grammar contains all that is needed by the schoolboy and the average college student; far more than most students ever learn.

H. E. Cole, Principal of High School, Bath, Maine: Bennett's Latin Grammar has been in use in the Bath High School for three years. The book does all that you claim for it.

George McK. Bain, Principal of High School, Norfolk, Va.: I am using Bennett's Latin Grammar with very satisfactory results, and I regard it as a most excellent book. It was the pioneer among grammars in presenting the "essential facts of Latin"in the smallest possible compass, and it remains in the first rank as to scholarship and simplicity, and is especially well adapted for high school purposes.

Isaac B. Burgess, Morgan Park Academy of University of Chicago: Bennett's Latin Grammar is now required for use in this institution. It is proving very satisfactory. I like its small bulk, its open page, its simple and prominent examples for the rules of syntax. Its statement of facts and principles is brief, but clear, and the matter is well arranged.

LATIN.

Appendix to Bennett's Latin Grammar.

16

By Professor CHARLES E. BENNETT, Cornell University. For university work. 12mo, cloth, 246 pages. Price, 80 cents.

TH

"HE purpose of this book is to give such information regarding the history and development of the Latin language as experience has shown to be of service to advanced students.

The subjects treated are the Latin Alphabet, Pronunciation, Hidden Quantity, Accent, Orthography, The Latin Sounds, Inflections, Adverbs and Prepositions, and Syntax. Of these subjects, those of Hidden Quantity, Inflections, and Syntax receive special attention; and the results of recent investigation are set forth fully and clearly, but in compact form.

Professor Edouard Wölfflin, in the Archiv für Lateinische Lexikographie und Grammatik. February, 1896. Auf geringem Raume ist viel wissenswürdiges zusammengedrängt, und zwar mit praktischem Geschicke; zwei längere Listen geben die lateinischen Wörter von bestrittener Quantität und Orthographie, wobei die Ansätze von Marx oft berichtigt sind. . . Die deutsche Wissenschaft wird sich nur freuen dass das amerikanische Schulwesen ein so brauchbares Hilfsmittel gewonnen hat. Professor Hermann Osthoff, University of Heidelberg: Steht auf der Höhe des heutigen Wissens.

Professor Harry Thurston Peck, Columbia College, N.Y.: It is no exaggeration to say that so compact, helpful, and practical a collection of indispensable information cannot be found elsewhere in any language whatsoever. Even in Germany, the home of classical enchiridia, nothing has yet appeared that is so satisfactory. Professor Bennett seems to divine by instinct just what questions arise in the mind of the student, and he here answers them in advance in a delightfully lucid and simple fashion. Everywhere the best authorities are cited; and it is certain that to many teachers, as well as students, the mere perusal of this little manual will open up many new vistas, and will put them in touch with the most scholarly doctrine of the day. In fact the book is one that no progressive instructor can afford to be without, as it summarizes an immense amount of information that is of the utmost practical importance.

Complete Edition.

BENNETT'S Latin Grammar and Appendix in one volume. 12mo, half leather, 282 +246 pages. Price, $1.25.