the doctrine which political demagogues more zealously maintain.

The question then is, what is a better, if not the best, mode of procedure, so as to give due efficiency to the local government? That mode would probably be the best, or at least it would meet with most general support, which, whilst it vested government in cases of emergency with ample power, it should at the same time infringe as little as possible on the present system. It therefore occurs to me, that the analogy of the law, as it now stands, with reference to Europeans, presents us with a suitable remedy for all the evils inseparable from the present restrictions imposed upon government. Let the law, as it now stands, be made applicable to the whole population of Calcutta indiscriminately, native as well as European, and the remedy is attained. Let but the legislature vest the Governor-General with the power of transmitting the native offender beyond the limits of the Company's factory of Fort-William and town of Calcutta, under the same circumstances; and, if you please, subject to the same responsibility as in the case of Europeans he is empowered to transmit them to England, and the paramount authority of government will be complete: for once beyond the limits of Calcutta and the jurisdiction of the King's court, they become at once subject to such regulations as the Governor-General in Council may from time to time enact.

So long, indeed, as this power is withheld from the supreme government of India, the British legislature are guilty of the strange absurdity of placing supreme responsibility on one functionary, but establishing another to counteract him who is wholly irresponsible..

Nor,

Nor, let it be observed, is it merely executively that the India government is subjected to this control. Were the check restricted to the executive capacity of the government, it is possible that it might be even salutary. But the law, as it now stands, imposes upon the government an absolute disqualification from legislating for its subjects, without the concurrence, not of the paramount authorities in England, but of a court of law established within its own capital.

Now it must be confessed, that the very idea of this provincial court being vested with the power of dictating to the government what regulations it shall not frame for the better government of the country, is not a little repugnant to every notion entertained of the proper province of a court of justice, as it must ever be hostile to that dignity which the government of India, of all others, stands so much in need of being supported in.

It is, therefore, not to be, doubted, that an early opportunity will be embraced of obviating so great a defect in the system of our India government. The remedy proposed seems simple, and cannot be severe in its effects; for it can scarcely be called a hardship to an individual to be removed from the capital, who cannot be content to reside in it without endeavouring to overturn the government of his country.

APPENDIX.

APPENDIX.

COLONEL SIR THOMAS MUNRO'S SURVEY.

THE accompanying statement contains an abstract of every thing that seems necessary in an agricultural survey. It shews the population, the number of cattle and sheep, and the extent and value of all land, cultivated and waste; and though unavoidably somewhat long, it is so plain that it may be easily understood from the slightest inspection; and I shall, therefore, have occasion to make only a few remarks upon the principal heads.

The following instructions were issued by Colonel Munro to the Surveyors, &c.

Instructions to Surveyors.

1. All your measurements, of every description of land, wet and dry, are to be made with a chain of thirty-three feet.

2. Your accounts are to be kept in acres, goontas, and anas. One square chain is one goonta, and forty such goontas are one

acre.

3. When you arrive in a village, you will, previously to beginning the measurement, take a muchulka from the potail and curnum, according to the form which has been delivered to you.— N. B. This form states that the curnum's account of cirkar and

enaum land, house and shop-tax, and every article of revenue, is true; and that, if it is found to be false in any point, he will forfeit his office.

4. The curnum and potail of the village must attend you during the measurement, and you must give timely notice to the ryots, in order that they may be present at the measurement of their own fields.

5. In measuring a village you will begin at one side and proceed regularly on, making the field first measured No. 1, the next No. 2, &c. These numbers will serve to distinguish fields, when there are several of the same name in one village. After measuring the dry, you will measure the wet land, and number the fields in the same manner, beginning again at No. 1, 2, &c. ; and the same rule must be observed with respect to baghayet or garden land.

6. The name of every field must be entered in your accounts. Where fields, whether cultivated, uncultivated, or waste, have a name, you will insert that name: where they have none, you will, in concert with the potail and curnum, give them one.

7. In the account of the measurement of every field, whether wet or dry, you will always specify the names and numbers of the fields by which it is bounded.

8. In dividing fields of red land, you will mark the division by a bank of earth or stones; but in black land you will always mark the division by setting up boundary-stones, because the polli, or bank of earth, would injure the black by overrunning it with long-rooted grass.

9. You will pay the hire of the coolies employed in marking boundaries either by stones or banks of earth.

10. If a field, not being larger than may be cultivated by one plough, is ploughed in part only and the rest waste, you will not divide it, but measure it as one field.

11. If a field is too large to be cultivated by one plough, you will divide it into two or three fields, as may be necessary. As the extent of land cultivatable by one plough depends upon the nature of the soil, you will be guided by the custom of the village, and the opinion of the potail, curnum, and principal ryots, in regulating the size of fields.

As the subdivision of a large cultivated field is ordered to be made solely upon the supposition that if thrown up by the present occupant it may be left waste, from their being few ryots in the village who have the means of cultivating it; yet if, from the state of agriculture in the village, there is no danger of its being left uncultivated, it will not be necessary to divide it, even though it should be too large for one plough.

12. In the measurement of dry land, you will class black and red land separately.

13. If a quarter only of a field is cultivated, enter the whole field as waste; if half only is cultivated, enter half as cultivated and half as waste; and if three-quarters are cultivated and onequarter waste, enter the whole as cultivated.

14. In measuring uncultivated land, you will divide it according to the old marks or bounds: should you meet with waste (anade) having no such marks, you will direct them to be made. You will class uncultivated lands into fallow of one, two, three, four, and five years; waste from five to ten, ten to fifteen, and fifteen to twenty years; and as anade, or waste, which has either never been cultivated, or not been cultivated within twenty years.