Clay Materials Used in ConstructionGeorge M. Reeves, Ian Sims, J. C. Cripps Concluding the trilogy on geological materials in construction, this authoritative volume reviews many uses of clays, ranging from simple fills to sophisticated products. Comprehensive and international coverage is achieved by an expert team, including geologists, engineers and architects. Packed with information prepared for a wide readership, this unique handbook is also copiously illustrated. The volume is dedicated to the memory of Professor Sir Alec Skempton. Various definitions of 'clay' are explored. Clay mineralogy is described, plus the geological formation of clay deposits and their fundamental materials properties. World and British clay deposits are reviewed and explained. New compositional data are provided for clay formations throughout the stratigraphic column. Investigative techniques and interpretation are considered, ranging from site exploration to laboratory assessment of composition and engineering performance. Major civil engineering applications are addressed, including earthworks, earthmoving and specialized roles utilizing clays. Traditional earthen building is included and shown to dominate construction in places. Clay-based construction materials are detailed, including bricks, ceramics and cements. The volume also includes a comprehensive glossary. |
Contents
International Civil Engineering Soil Classification by particle size distribution | 5 |
The composition of clay materials | 15 |
Ettringite group | 24 |
Formation and alteration of clay materials | 29 |
3 | 36 |
4 | 48 |
24 | 54 |
6 | 57 |
6 | 194 |
Thermal analysis | 201 |
2 | 209 |
Laboratory testing | 223 |
6 | 239 |
Constant or controlled rate of strain oedometer consolidation | 247 |
Continuousloading consolidation tests | 254 |
Earthworks | 275 |
55559 | 61 |
4 | 62 |
19 | 68 |
Properties of clay materials soils and mudrocks | 73 |
Lias Clay moisture content and density | 126 |
5 | 135 |
4 | 147 |
6 | 153 |
7 | 170 |
3 | 185 |
6 | 307 |
Earthmoving | 315 |
Specialized applications | 347 |
Earthen architecture | 387 |
Brick and other ceramic products | 401 |
Cement and related products | 427 |
7 | 441 |
Appendix B Properties data | 461 |
CAUTION | 471 |
Common terms and phrases
alteration analysis areas ball clays basins behaviour bentonite borehole bricks British British Geological Survey carbonate cation cement ceramic chemical chlorite classification clay deposits Clay Formation clay materials clay minerals cohesion compaction composition compression consolidation construction Cretaceous dams depth diagenesis diagenetic dry density earth earthworks effective stress electron embankment Engineering Geology environment excavation Gault Gault Clay geological geotechnical grains ground hydrothermal illite increase Jurassic kaolin kaolinite laboratory Lambeth Group layer liquid limit loading London Clay measured Mercia Mudstone methods mineralogy moisture content montmorillonite mudrocks Mudstone normal occur organic matter over-consolidated parameters particles permeability pore pressure pore water processes properties quartz range ratio residual result rock samples sand Section sedimentary sediments shales shear strength silt silty slope slurry smectite specimen structure surface swelling Table temperature tion transport tropical typically usually values volcanic volume weathering zones