MEN

Love for enemies in Socrates, 170
Lyco, the accuser of Socrates, 194
Lycurgus, 230

μαιευτική τέχνη of Socrates, 125

MAN

AN, Socrates' view of the dig-
nity of, 178
Marathon, stern race fought at,
10, 230; the remembrance of,
inspires Aristophanes, 29
Meaning of words, Philo's view
of, 274

Means, relation of, to ends in na-
ture, 172

Megara, plunder of, 277; Idealism
of School of, 42

Megarian School, 253, 284; an
imperfect expansion of Socratic
principle, 50, 247; founded by
Euclid, 249; primarily critical,
253; history of, 249; doctrine
of, 255; approximated to Cyni-
cism, 279; merged in Cynicism,
283; teaching, 255, 258, 269;
starting point of, 259; develop-
ment in, 264

Megarians, go back to Eleatic
doctrine, 248; captious logic of,
160, 265, 266; their views of
Being and Becoming, 259; of
the Good, 263; agree with Plato,
260; attack popular notions,
264; fond of fallacies, 267;
later, indebted to Cynics, 275,
277; inconsistencies of, 386
Meiner's view of sources of So-
cratic authority, 99

Meletus, the accuser of Socrates,

193, 203, 205, 206; said to have
suggested the 'Clouds' to Aris-
tophanes, 203; hesitates to ac-
cuse Socrates of Sophistry, 221;
a defender of ancient morality,
231
'Memorabilia,' the, of Xenophon,
72, 75, 78, 102, 132, 167, 183
Menedemus, 281; attempts of

MEN

Alexinus to entangle, in falla-
cies, 269; removes Elean School
to Eretria, 280; directs atten-
tion to moral questions, 281
Menedemus, a later Cynic, 290
Menippus, a later Cynic, 290
Meno's question whether virtue is
obtained by exercise or instruc-
tion, 313

Method of Socrates, 113
Metrocles, brother of Hipparchia,
a Cynic, 289

Military service of Socrates, 66,
n. 2

Miltiades, time of, 231
'Mirror,' the, of Cebes, 246
Moderation, the, of Socrates, 72,
74, 161

Modesty suppressed by Cynics,
326

Monimus, a Cynic, expresses him-
self in favour of culture, 294

ANETIUS, rejected writings

conceptions, 113; particular
moral relations discussed by
Socrates, 160
Morality, practically determined,
according to Socrates, by cus-
tom and utility, 149; inconsis-
tency of Socrates, 151; super-
ficially treated by Socrates, 151;
relation of Socrates to older
morality, 226; relation of So-
crates to cotemporary morality,

Paris, story of, questioned in Euri-
pides, 17; in Herodotus, 26
Parmenides, teaching known to
Socrates, 57, 58; followed by
Euclid, 260; reduced action
and passion to the sphere of the
Becoming, 260; discovered a
contradiction in the Becoming,
261; attributes assigned by him
to real being, 262; proved his
position directly, 265

D D

Party, Socrates not the victim of
a political, 211

Pasicles, a Megarian, younger than
Eubulides, 251

Peloponnesian War, Thucydides'

history of, 27; increasing spread
of mysteries about time of, 32;
views of Socrates fixed about
time of, 61; fall of Athens in,
218; period after, 231

Pericles, art in the time of, 3, 10;
the age of, 28, 54

Peripatetic School, 50; connected

PER

with Aristotle, 51; strictures
on Socrates, 70

Persian War, achievements of, 3;
unexpected result of, 8; Socrates
born in last years of, 53
Persians, battles with, 6
'Phædo,' Plato's, 59, 137
Phædo, the founder of a Socratic
School, the Elean-Eretrian, 247,
279; a native of Elis, 279; the
favourite of Socrates, 280; his
opinions, 281
'Phædrus,' the, 79

Philo, a Megarian and pupil of
Diodorus, 254, 273; his captious-
ness, 273

Philolaus, Simmias and Cebes pu-
pils of, 246

Philosophic Schools, permanence
of, 51

Philosophy, problem proposed to,
in fifth century, B.C., 2; problem
solved by politics, art, and reli-
gion, 2-34; progress of, in fifth
century, B.C., 35 seq.
Physical Science not dispensed
with by Plato, 45

Physics, ethics substituted for, by
post-Aristotelian philosophy, 43
Pindar, illustrating the problem

6

of philosophy, 22, 23: respect
for natural talent, 23
Plato, Writings of, 99; his dia-
logues, 100, 181, 183; most his-
torical of, 170; his Apology,'
179, 215; on the Megarians,
257; agrees with, 260; and Xeno-
phon as authorities, 99; de-
scribes Euclid's method, 265
-, His portrait of Socrates, 101;

calls Socrates the wisest and
best of men, 73; praises his
social virtues, 75; describes him
as a perfect thinker, 105; speaks
of his peculiar moderation, 75;
his use of the term Eros, 76;
his singularity, 77; his outward
appearance, 78; the apparent

PLI

shallowness of his discourses,
80; speaks of the dauóviov of
Socrates, 84, 85, 87, 89; speaks
of Socrates' attitude towards
natural science, 137; veils the
shallowness of Socrates' theory
of virtue, 155; mentions what
told most against Socrates at
the trial, 205, 207, 217; asso-
ciates Socrates with Aristo-
phanes, 210, 216; his language
about Anytus, 203, 205, 206;
value of Plato's testimony con-
sidered, 91, 92; his agreement
with Xenophon, 92, 154, 171,
181, 188; with Aristotle, 137
-, Philosophy of, considered So-
crates a deep thinker, 96; his
system the fruit of Socrates,
138, 187; but more developed,
41, 141, 392; influenced by im-
perfect Socratic Schools, 50, 51;
regards species as living forces,
260; dialectic, 270; the founda-
tion of his system, 40; his
idealism, 42, 48, 49; advance
from sensible beauty to moral
beauty, 46; essential concep-
tions found in all things, 131;
his teaching concerning the
State, 46, 169; his physical in-
quiries, 45; reality of concep-
tion, 47, 59; difference between
him and Aristotle, 49; the
bloom of Greek philosophy, 49;
influenced by imperfect Socratic
Schools, 50; his description
of Simmias and Cebes, 246;
speaks of Cynic definition
knowledge as tautological, 312;
his view of Diogenes, 331
Platonic distinction between cus-
tom and philosophy, 312; ideas,

48

Platonist, Menedemus said to have
been a, 283
Plistanus, an Elean philosopher,
successor to Phædo, 280

POL

Politics, little importance attached
to, by Socrates, 228
Polyeuctus, said to have taken
part in accusing Socrates, 194,
n. 2.

Poseidon, intervention of, 26
Possible, the view of Diodorus on,

272; view of Philo, 273
Post-Aristotelian philosophy, sub-
stitutes Ethics for Physics, 44;
one-sidedness of Schools, 47;
extreme individualism of, 117
Predicate, combination of subject
and, rejected by Stilpo, 275
Pre-Socratic philosophy resting on
tradition, 38; a study of nature,
39, 46; aided by Plato, 51
Prodicus, teacher of Socrates, 57
Progress, rapid intellectual, of So-
cratic age, 2, 3

Prometheus of Eschylus, 9
Protagoras, doubts of, 18, 189, 248;
negative teaching of, 248; makes
man the measure of all things,
116; considers all notions rela-
tive, 350; considers feelings the
result of internal motion, 352,
374

Providence, belief in natural, 174
Providential care of God, 177
Prytaneum, Athens the, of the wis-
dom of Greece, 4; Socrates de-
served to be publicly entertained
in the, 200

Pyrrho, his philosophy of doubt,
255; branched off from the
School of Megara, 391
Pythagorean traditions, 19; league,
164

EALISM, knowledge of concep-

298

Reason, God conceived as the, of
the world, 176, 262; the only
thing which gives a value to
life, 310

SOC

Reisig, his view of the character
of Socrates, 215

Religion, the position of Socrates
subversive of, 229; denied by
the Cynics, 327
Republic, Plato's, 152
Rousseau's wild fancies, 32

SCEPTICISM of Socratic era,

117; in Euripides, 16, 18; in
Herodotus, 26; in the masses,
34; an outcome of Megarian
School, 50

Sceptics, despair of knowledge,
45; imperturbability, 46; resolve
truth into probability, 116
Schleiermacher, his view of the
daiμóviov, 84; protest against the
preference shown for Xenophon,
99; canon of, 100, 104; his ob-
jections to Xenophon as a sole
authority, 183; discovered Me-
garian views in Plato, 256
Self-knowledge, the Socratic, 43,
121

Self-renunciation, the, of the Cy-
nics, 315

Sextus criticises the arguments of
Diodorus, 271

Sicily visited by Sophists, 4
Sifting of men, the Socratic, 124
Silenus, appearance of Socrates
compared by Alcibiades to, 78,
184

Simmias, a Theban, described by
Plato as a philosopher, 246
Simon the shoemaker, writings
circulated under the name of,
spurious, 247

Simonides, illustrating the pro-
blem of philosophy, 21; his epi-
taph on Leonidas, 77

Sinope, the birthplace of Diogenes,
287

Society, renunciation of, by the
Cynics, 319; influence of Cynics
on, 331

SOC

Socrates, age of, its inheritance,
36; characteristics, 40; authori-
ties for, 104

Character of, 52, 212; respected
by antiquity, 70; greatness of
character, 70; supposed mental
struggles, 71; purity, 72; ab-
stemiousness, 72, 74,
161;
political courage, 73; courage,
201; composure, 201, 363; pious
faith, 235; greatness, 235; sen-
sible, 83; love of society, 74;
love of friends, 194, 211, 164,
76; imbued with Greek pecu-
liarities, 74, 76; abstraction,
78, 81; not an insipid ideal of
virtue, 74, 203; not a dry mora-
list, 108; many-sided sympa-
thies, 45; serious side in, 73;
cultivated tact, 94; inward con-
centration, 81, 96, 97; a Greek
and Athenian, 74, 95; eccen-
tricity, 77; meditativeness, 78;
absence, 81; modesty, 67; sim-
plicity of, 338; consciousness of
ignorance, 121, 122, 126; flexi-
bility, 317; inner life, 94;
strength of will, 292; import-
ance attaching to his person, 52,
116; his daóviov, 81, 66, n. 1,
82, 84, 89, 96; his aim to train
men, 114, 263; portrait, 105, 240;
his appearance, 77; accuracy
of Xenophon's description chal-
lenged, 135

comedy on, 203, 214
-,contemporaries of, 185
- Ethics of, 134, 172, 240; a moral
reformer, 114; ethical princi-
ples derived from the Sophists,
149; scientific doctrine of
morals, 174; defends friend-
ships, 163, 164; utility highest
standard, 147, 372; value of in-
struction, 222; highest object
of knowledge, the Good, 147,
262, 263; the oneness of virtue
and knowledge, 113, 312; re-

SOC

quire independence from wants,
315; Plato's description of,
155
Socrates, followers of, one-sided
followers, 44, 45, 51, 236, 375;
favourite follower, 280

language of, 151, 152, 163,
184, 185; apparently ridiculous,
79

Life of, youth and early man-
hood, 52, 53; date of birth and
death, 53, n.; education of, 55;
his instructors, 56, n. ; manhood
reached before the Sophists in-
troduced systematic education,
55; life begun in trade, 159;
contentment and simplicity of,
64; married relations, 61, 62,
63; avoided public life, 66; his
detractors, 70; respected by
Xenophon, 72; military service,
66, 2, 70; personal habits, 105;
simple teaching, 230; dis-
courses, 102, 184; society, 210;
enemies, 207; attacks on, 193,
206, 210, 211, 232; charges
against, 210, 211, 220, 229;
most fatal, 217; his trial, 196,
213; condemnation, 200, 202;
guilt, 202; fate, 235; greatness
of, 236; death, 200, 235, 285;
place in history, 186

Philosophy of, 250, 253; ap-
pearance at a philosophical
crisis, 2; different from pre-
Socratic, 38; able to take a
comprehensive view of science,
4; had no system, 47, 119, 160;
begins with self-knowledge, 43;
aims at life, 52; philosophical
platform, 104; breaks away from
previous philosophy, 112; how
led to the study of philosophy,
92;ground occupied by, 104, 240;
understood the tendencies of
the age, 114; breaks away from
current opinions, 112; value
assigned to them, 111, 129;