The increase of the quantity made in the year 1830 upon the quantity made in the year 1823, is 52 per cent. Erected in the year 1831-Sirhowey, 1; Maesteg, 1. DERBYSHIRE. 1823. 1830. Total No. Quantity. Total No. Quantity. Tons. Tons. The increase of the quantity made in the year 1830 upon the quantity made in the year 1823, is 28 per cent. *Erected in the year 1825-Morley Park, I; Staveley, 1.1828 Codnor Park, 1. The increase of the quantity made in the year 1830 upon the quantity made in the year 1823, is 123 per cent. The increase in the quantity made in the year 1830 upon the quantity made in the year 1823, is 47 per cent. This account of the make of iron we adopt in preference to other statements made about the same time, knowing the pains that were taken to obtain an accurate return. It is, however, defective, in the omission of the North Wales furnaces; and though it shows the number of furnaces belonging to each work, it does not show the number in blast, so that an average may be taken of the annual make of a furnace. From various statements we find that, in 1830 the make may be taken at about the same, say 25,000 By the same returns we also find that, in 1825, there were 364 furnaces, of which 261 were in blast, and 103 out make 581,367 tons. In 1828 367 furnaces, 277 in blast, and 90 out-make 703,184 tons. The following statement will show the quantities of pigiron made in England, Wales, and Scotland, and also the increased make, at different periods, from the year 1740 to the year 1830: Making the total annual increase at this period, as compared with that of 1740-661,067 tons. CHAP. VII. SPAIN. PRIOR to the further consideration of the home trade, we will, in pursuance of the original intention, give some account of the iron trade in foreign countries; and, although the manufacture in Spain cannot be considered as a matter of any great importance in itself, we will, nevertheless, devote to it a small space in this work. The darkness which obscures the history of the Spanish population before the settlement of the Celts, 1649, B.C., it is not the province of this treatise to discuss. The people were called Celtiberians after they had united in friendly intercourse and family compacts with the Celts or Gauls then located west of the Ebro. The indefatigable Phenicians traded with Spain at a very early period; they established colonies and built Gades, their emporium of traffic. The contests between them, their Carthaginian allies, and the Spaniards, induced the Saguntines, B. C. 216, to call in the aid of the Romans, who eventually conqured all the country and converted it into one of the richest provinces of their empire. This was not until they had warred with the Spaniards nearly 200 years, during which time mining was extensively practised, and long anterior, for it is well known that the Spaniards had, at a very early period, acquired a considerable knowledge of mining in general *; and, in the time of the * Pumps used in the Silver Mines in Spain.-Sometimes, at a great depth, they meet with rivers under ground, but by art give a check to the violence of their current, for, by cutting trenches under ground, they divert the stream, and being sure to gain what they aim at, when they have begun they never leave till they have finished it; and to admiration they pump out these floods of water with those instruments called Egyptian pumps (Egyptian cochleans), |