land. Fl. Aug. 4.-Leaves mostly radical. Stem a span high, bearing bracteiform leaves. Flowers small, white. Column very short. Pollenmasses broadly oval, composed of large granules, eventually fixed to the top of the stigma and falling away with a gland-like portion of it.

8. NEÓTTIA. Jacq. Lady's Tresses.

1. N. spirális, Rich. (fragrant Lady's Tresses); root-leaves oblong subpetiolate, spike twisted unilateral, lip oblong. Ophrys, L.-E. Bot. t. 541.

Dry hilly pastures in various parts of England, in a chalky or gravelly soil. Fl. Aug. Sept. 4.-Tubers oblong, 3-4. Stem 4-6 inches high, rather bracteated than leafy. Flowers singularly spiral on the stalk, greenish-white. Upper calyx-leaf and 2 inner petals combined. Lip longer than the rest of the flower, oblong, broader and crenate at the apex. Stigma and anther both acuminate.

2. N. æstivális, DC. (Summer Lady's Tresses); tubers cylin drical long, radical leaves oblong-lanceolate, cauline narrowly lanceolate, spike lax twisted. Bab. in Suppl. to E. Bot. ined. Ej. in Prim. Fl. Sarn. ined.

Marshy land by St Ouen's pond, Jersey. Messrs Babington and Christy. Fl. July, Aug. 2. (Bab.)

3. N. gemmipara, Sm. (proliferous Lady's Tresses); "leaves lanceolate as tall as the stalk, spike 3-ranked twisted, bracteas glabrous." E. Fl. v. iv. p. 36. E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2786. (bad). Dunbog, Bear-Haven, Ireland; Mr J. Drummond. Fl. Oct. 2.Nothing satisfactory is known of this.

9. LISTERA. Br. Bird's-nest or Twayblade.

1. L. ováta, Br. (common Twayblade); stem with only 2 ovato-elliptical opposite leaves, column of fructification with a crest in which the anther is placed. Ophrys, L.-E. Bot. t. 1548.

Woods and moist pastures, frequent. Fl. June. 4.-One foot high. Leaves striated. Flowers distant upon the spike, yellowish-green. Calyx-segments ovate; two lateral petals linear-oblong; lip long, bifid, without any teeth at the base. Bracteas very short.

2. L. cordáta, Br. (heart-leaved Twayblade); stem with only 2 cordate opposite leaves, column without any crest, lip with a tooth on each side at the base. Ophrys, L.-E. Bot. t. 358.

Sides of mountains in heathy spots, in the north of England and Scotland. Fl. July, Aug. 4.-Root a few long fleshy fibres. Stems 3-5 inches high. Flowers few, very small, spiked, greenish-brown. Leaves of the perianth somewhat spreading, those of the calyx ovate. Lateral petals linear-oblong; lip pendent, linear.

3. L. Nidus-Avis, Hook. (common Bird's-nest); stem with sheathing scales leafless, column without any crest, lip linearoblong with 2 spreading lobes, toothless at the base. Hook. in Fl. Lond. N. S. t. 58.-Ophrys, L.-E. Bot. t. 48.

Shady woods in many parts of England and Scotland. Fl. May,

June. 4.-Root of many short, thick, densely aggregated, fleshy fibres. Stem 1 foot high. Flowers spiked, of a dingy brown. Calyx-leaves and lateral petals oblong-oval, nearly equal. Lobes of the lip spreading. This can scarcely be generically distinguished from the preceding.

10. EPIPACTIS. Br. Helleborine.

1. E. latifólia, Sw. (broad-leaved Helleborine); leaves broadly ovate amplexicaul, perianth connivent, lower bracteas longer than the drooping flowers, lip 3-lobed, middle lobe roundish shortly acuminated. Hook. in Fl. Lond. N. S. t. 102.-Serapias, L.-E. Bot. t. 269.

Woods in mountainous countries, not unfrequent. Fl. July, Aug. 4.-Root creeping, with long fibres. Stem 1-3 ft. high; upper leaves lanceolate. Flowers in a very long, lax spike, greenish-purple, but varying much in intensity, sometimes dark purple, when it becomes the B. of Sm. and I fear his E. purpurata also.

2. E. purpuráta, Sm. (purple-leaved Helleborine); "leaves ovato-lanceolate, bracteas linear all twice as long as the flowers, lip shorter than the calyx entire, germen downy." E. Fl. v. iv. p. 42. Forbes in E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2775.

Shady woods, Woburn Abbey; Dr Abbot, Mr Forbes. Fl. Aug. 4.

3. E. palustris, Sw. (marsh Helleborine); leaves lanceolate, perianth patent, bracteas mostly shorter than the slightly drooping flowers, lip 3-lobed, middle lobe oval crenate retuse longer than the rest of the perianth. Hook. in Fl. Lond. N. S. t. 89. -Serapias, Scop.-E. Bot. t. 270.-S. longifolia, L.

Moist and marshy places, especially in the vicinity of chalk. Fl. July. 2.-Stem 1 foot high, purplish above. Calyx purple-green; lateral petals and lip white, with rose-coloured streaks at the base.

4. E. grandiflóra, Sm. (large white Helleborine); leaves ovatolanceolate sessile, bracteas much longer than the erect flowers, perianth patent, lip 3-lobed, middle lobe large oval retuse shorter than the rest of the perianth.-E. pallens, Sw.-Hook. in Fl. Lond. N. S. t. 76.-Serapias grandiflora, L.-E. Bot. t.

271.

Woods and thickets, chiefly in a chalky soil. Fl. June. 2.-Stem a foot or more high. Cal.-leaves and petals nearly equal, large, oblongoovate, white, concave, including the small lip which is also white, but yellowish within. Column of fructification in this and the following species very long in the preceding ones very short.

5. E. ensifólia, Sw. (narrow-leaved white Helleborine); leaves lanceolate much acuminated subdistichous, bracteas very minute subulate, flowers erect, lip 3-lobed, middle lobe large roundish obtuse much shorter than the rest of the perianth. Hook. in Fl. Lond. N. S. t. 77.-Serapias, L.-E. Bol. t. 494. Mountainous woods; but not general. Fl. May, June. 2.

6. E. rúbra, Sw. (purple Helleborine); leaves lanceolate, bracteas longer than the downy germen, perianth spreading, lip

with its middle lobe acuminate marked with raised -Serapias, L.-E. Bot. t. 437.

wavy lines.

Rare in mountainous woods, in England. Fl. May, June. 4.Calyx and inner petals purplish-red. Lip almost white.

11. MALÁXIS. Sw. Bog-Orchis.

1

1. M. paludósa, Sw. (marsh Bog-Orchis); leaves 4-5 oval very concave papillose at the extremity, lip concave acute, E. Bot. t. 72. Hook. in Fl. Lond. N. S. t. 197.-Ophrys, L.

Spongy bogs, in many places, but often overlooked on account of its small size. Frequent in the vallies of Clova, Dr Graham. Fl. Aug. Sept. 2.-Stem 2-4 inches high. Flowers erect, minute, in a small greenish spike. Calyx of 3, ovate, horizontally spreading leaves, two of them erect, their bases embracing the base of the superior lip which is thus also erect. Two lateral petals recurved.

12. LÍPARIS. Rich. Liparis.

1. L. Loesélii, Rich. (two-leaved Liparis); leaves 2 broadly lanceolate, scape trigonal, lip entire longer than the perianth. -Malaxis, Sw.-Ophrys, L.-E. Bot. t. 47.

Sandy bogs, in Norfolk, Suffolk, and Cambridgeshire. Fl. July. 4. -6-8 inches high. Flowers few, in a lax spike, yellowish-green; in their general structure very similar to those of the tropical and parasitical L. foliosa, Bot. Mag. t. 2709.

13. CORALLORHIZA. Hall. Coral-root.

1. C. innáta, Br. (spurless Coral-root); spur very short adnate. Hook. in Fl. Lond. N. S. t. 142.-Ophrys corallorhiza, L.E. Bot. t. 1547.

Stem

Marshy woods in several parts of Scotland. Woods near Culross, Dr Dewar. Fl. July. 4.-Root of thick, interwoven, fleshy fibres. 6-12 inches high, greenish-white, with 2—3 lanceolate, acute, sheathing scales, rather than leaves. Flowers 6-8 in a short lax spike, pale yellowish-green. Calyx-leaves linear-lanceolate, keeled, spreading; 2 lateral petals shorter than the calyx, erecto-connivent. Lip oblong, white, nearly entire, waved at the margin, with a few purple blotches, deflexed. Column elongated.

GYNANDRIA-DIANDRIA.

14. Cypripedium. Linn. Lady's Slipper.

1. C. Calceolus, L. (common Lady's Slipper); stem leafy, terminal lobe of the column nearly oval, lip shorter than the calyx somewhat laterally compressed. E. Bot. t. 1.

Woods in the north of England, but rare. Fl. June. 2.-One of the most beautiful and interesting of our native plants.

These papillæ the Rev. Professor Henslow has clearly ascertained to be little bulbous gemma, and as such has described and figured them in the Mag. of Nat. Hist. v. i. p. 442; a fact suspected previously, in 1824, by Mr W. Wilson, who further finds an hybernaculum formed in the autumn among the decayed leaves. Thus, independent of seeds, this curious little plant has one mode of perpetuating itself, and another of increase.

GYNANDRIA-HEXANDRIA.

15. ARISTOLÓCHIA. Linn. Birthwort.

1. A. Clematitis, L. (common Birthwort); stem erect, leaves heart-shaped, flowers upright, lip oblong shortly acuminate. E. Bot. t. 398.

Copses and pastures, and especially among old ruins in the E. and S. of England. Fl. July, Aug. 2.-Flowers pale yellow.

CLASS XXI. MONOECIA. Stamens and Pistils in separate flowers on the same plant.

ORD I. MONANDRIA. 1 Stamen.

1. EUPHORBIA. Involucre of one piece, including several barren flowers and 1 fertile.-Barr. fl. A single stamen without calyx or corolla. Fert. fl. A single pistil without calyx (or rarely a very minute one) or corolla.- Germen 3-lobed. Styles 3, cleft. Caps. 3-seeded.—Nat. Ord. EUPHORBIACEE, Juss.— Named from Euphorbus, Physician to Juba, king of Mauritania, who brought the plant into use.

2. CALLÍTRICHE. Barren fl. Perianth single, of 2 leaves (they are, rather, 2 bracteas) or none. Anther of 1 cell.-Fert. fl. Germen 4-lobed, lobes laterally compressed, indehiscent, with 4, 1-seeded cells.-Nut. Ord. HALORAGEE, Br.-Name— naλos, beautiful, and g, hair. Its stems are long and slender, and resemble hairs.

3. ZANNICHÉLLIA. Barren fl. Perianth none.-Fert. fl. Perianth single, of 1 leaf. Germens 4 or more. Style 1. Stigma peltate. Capsules nearly sessile.-Nat. Ord. NAIADES, Juss.Named in honour of John Jérome Zannichelli, a Venetian apothecary and botanist.

4. ZOSTÉRA. Stamens and pistils inserted in 2 rows upon one side of a spadix. Spatha foliaceous. Anthers ovate, sessile, alternating with the germens. Germen ovate. Style bifid. Fruit with 1 seed, (bursting vertically, Wilson).-Nat. Ord. NAIADES, Juss.-Named from (worng, a girdle, or ribbon, which the leaves somewhat resemble.

(For Chara, see CL. CRYPTOGAMIA.)

ORD. II. DIANDRIA. 2 Stamens.
(See Callitriche in ORD. I. Carex in ORD. III.)

ORD. III. TRIANDRIA. 3 Stamens.

5. TÝPHA. Flowers collected into very spikes or catkins.-Barren fl. Perianth 0.

dense, cylindrical Stam. 3 together

upon a chaffy or hairy receptacle, united below into 1 filament. -Fert. fl. Perianth 0. Pericarp pedicellate, surrounded at the base with hairs resembling a pappus.-Nat. Ord. AROIDEE, Juss. Named from rupos, a marsh, where the plant grows.

6. SPARGÁNIUM. Flowers in sphærical, dense heads.—Barren fl. Perianth single, of 3 leaves.-Fertile fl. Perianth single, of 3 leaves. Drupe dry, with 1 seed.-Nat. Ord. AROIDEÆ, Juss.-Name Tagjavov, a little band, from its narrow and long

leaves.

7. CÁREX. Flowers collected into an imbricated spike. Calyx (as it is usually called), a scale.-Barren fl. Cor. 0.-Fertile fl. Cor. of 1 piece, urceolate, swollen. Stigmas 2-3. Nut triquetrous, included within the persistent corolla (which is thus considered to form part of the fruit.)—Nat. Ord. CYPERACEÆ, Juss.-Name, supposed to be derived from zugw, to shear or cut, in allusion to its sharp leaves and stems.

8. ELÝNA. Spikelets 2-flowered, upper one sterile, lower one fertile, (sometimes 1 is wanting,) included in a broad sheathing bractea, and each within a convolute scale. Cal. 0. Cor. 0.-Barren fl. Stam. 3.-Fertile fl. Pistil 1. Stigmas 3. Nut obtusely trigonal, surrounded by its convolute scale.-In habit nearly allied to Scirpus, and still more closely to Blysmus; but the flowers are monoecious. It has not the urceolate corolla of Carex.Nat. Ord. CYPERACEÆ, Juss.-Named, I presume, from Xvw, to involve or surround, which the scale does the flower.

ORD. IV. TETRANDRIA. 4 Stamens.

Cor. 4-fid.

9. LITTORELLA. Barren fl. Cal. of 4 leaves. Stam. very long.-Fertile fl. Cal. 0, (unless three bracteas can be so called.) Cor. urceolate, contracted at the mouth. Style very long. Caps. 1-seeded.-Nat. Ord. PLANTAGINEÆ, Juss. -Named from littus, the shore, from its place of growth.

10. ÁLNUS. Flowers collected into imbricated catkins.Barren fl. Scale of the catkin 3-lobed, with 3 flowers. Perianth single, 4-partite. Fertile fl. Scale of the catkin subtrifid, with 2 flowers. Perianth 0. Styles 2. Nut compressed.-Nat. Ord. AMENTACEA, Juss.-Name, derived from the Celtic, al, near, and lan, the river-bank.

11. Búxus. Flowers clustered, axillary.-Barren fl. Perianth single, of 4 leaves, 2 opposite ones smaller (with one bractea at the base). Rudiment of a germen.-Fertile fl. Cal. as in the barren fl. (with 3 bracteas at the base). Styles 3. Caps. with 3 beaks, 3-celled; cells 2-seeded.-Nat. Ord. EvPHORBIACEÆ, Juss.-Name, altered from us, the Greek name for this tree.