Panicle 2-3 inches long. Spikelets standing nearly erect. Florets 5-10. Ext. valve of the cor. convex; by no means forming such cylindrical florets as in the two last species. I had considered var. . as belonging to the preceding (of which, indeed, the only published station is that above given), but Mr Borrer refers it unhesitatingly to B. mollis.

9. B. racemósus, L. (smooth Brome-grass); panicle erect, peduncles simple, spikelets ovate subcompressed glabrous, florets imbricated compressed, awn straight about as long as the glume, leaves slightly hairy. E. Bot. t. 1079.-B. pratensis, E. Bot. t. 920. Meadows and pastures. Fl. June, July. O. (♂. Schrad.)—I fear scarcely different from the preceding, except in being more glabrous.

10. * B. squarrósus, L. (corn Brome-grass); panicle drooping, peduncles simple, spikelets ovato-lanceolate subcompressed, florets nearly glabrous imbricated compressed, awn divaricating, leaves pubescent. E. Bot. t. 1885.

Corn-fields; Somersetshire and Sussex. Fl. June, July. O.-A most distinct species, remarkable for its spreading awns.

11. * B. arvensis, L. (taper field Brome-grass); panicle spreading (at length drooping), peduncles branched, spikelets lanceolate compressed, florets imbricated compressed glabrous about as long as the straight awn, leaves hairy. E. Bot. t. 1984.

Corn-fields, rare. Fl. June, July. O.-2-3 f. high. Distinguished by its rather large, but slender and at length drooping panicle, and by the spikelets which have mostly a purplish tinge.

12. B. eréctus, Huds. (upright Brome-grass); panicle erect, spikelets linear-lanceolate compressed, florets subcylindrical remote glabrous longer than the straight awn, root-leaves very narrow ciliated. E. Bot. t. 471.

In fields and by road-sides, especially in a sandy soil over chalk. In the King's Park, Edinburgh. Fl. July. 4.-2-3 f. high. This is truly perennial, which does not appear to be the case with any other Bromus. Its habit is that of Brachypodium sylvaticum. The root-leaves are narrow; spikelets erect.

41. AVENA. Linn. Oat, or Oat-grass.

1. A. fátua, L. (wild Oat); panicle erect, spikelets drooping of about 3 scabrous much awned florets smaller than the calyx villous below, root fibrous. E. Bot. t. 2221.

Corn-fields, frequent. Fl. June, Aug. .-2-3 f. high. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Cal.-valves large, membranous, ovato-lanceolate, shining at the margins, keeled, acuminate, ribbed. Ext. valve of cor. with long fulvous hairs at its base, bifid at the point. Aun of each floret long and twisted, and constituting an excellent hygrometer.-The cultivated Oat, A. sativa, differs from this in having one or more upper florets imperfect and awnless, in the shorter awn and absence of hairs at the base of the florets.

2. A. strigósa, Schrad. (bristle-pointed Oat); panicle erect, branches all secund, spikelets of 2 perfect florets each awned as long as the calyx and terminated by 2 bristles. E. Bot. t. 1266.

Corn-fields; common both in England and Scotland. Fl. June, July. O.-Omitted in Fl. Scot., though not an uncommon plant in that country. I have gathered it in the Isle of Skye, and by Dee-side above Mar-Lodge, Aberdeenshire.

3. A. pratensis, L. (narrow-leaved Oat-grass); raceme erect simple, spikelets erect oblong of about 3-5 florets longer than the calyx, leaves glabrous finely serrated, lower ones involute, sheaths scarcely scabrous. E. Bot. t. 1204.

Dry pastures, heathy and mountainous places. Fl. July. 4.-Leaves short, finely serrated with minute cartilaginous teeth at the margins, the lower ones involute.

4. A. alpina, Sm. (great alpine Oat-grass); raceme slightly compound, spikelets erect oblong of about 5-6 florets longer than the cal., leaves glabrous linear acuminated flat minutely serrated, sheaths rounded subscabrous, culm cylindrical. Sm. in Linn. Trans. v. x. p.335.—A. planiculmis, E. Bot. t. 1241. Hook. Scot. v. i. p. 43, (not of Schrad.)

Rocky places on mountains. Fl. June, July. 4.-This, it must be allowed, comes very near the last species, and is principally distinguished by its stouter habit, slightly compound raceme, and especially by the broader flat leaves.

5. A. planicúlmis, Schrad. (flat-stemmed Oat-grass); panicle erect compound, spikelets erect linear-oblong of 5-7 florets much longer than the calyx, leaves scabrous broadly linear suddenly acute minutely serrated, sheaths flat sharply carinated scabrous, lower part of the culm slightly compressed two-edged. Schrad. Fl. Germ. v. i. p. 381. t. 6. f. 2, (not E. Bot. t. 2141, nor Hook. Scot.) E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2684.

Glen Sannox, on the ascent of Goat-fell from Loch Rannoch, Isle of Arran, Scotland; Mr Stuart Murray. Fl. July. 4.-Mr Murray had the good fortune to discover this interesting grass in 1826, and has ever since cultivated it in the Glasgow Botanic Garden, where it preserves all its characters, of which none are so striking as the flat, sharply carinated sheaths and the great breadth of its leaves; in cultivated specimens, (where the plant is nearly 3 feet high,) an inch in breadth. They are, too, almost equal in width throughout; at the extremity suddenly coming to a sharp point. Panicle with many, but short branches. Spikelets much longer and larger than in A. alpina. Florets smaller.

6. A. pubescens, L. (downy Oat-grass); panicle erect nearly simple, spikelets erect of about 3 florets, a little longer than the cal., outer valves of cor. jagged, leaves plane downy edges smooth. E. Bot. t. 1640.-Trisetum pub. Pers.

Dry pastures, especially in chalky or limestone countries. Fl. June, July. 4.-Nothing, as it appears to me, can be more unnatural than to place this plant in a different genus from the two preceding. In habit it partakes of the character of the larger-flowered and "field species," if I may so call them, of this Genus, (A. fatua and strigosa,) and of the following smaller-flowered one. Mr Lindley confines the Genus Trisetum to T. pubescens and T. flavescens. M. Dumortier adds to it our A. pratensis and Aira præcox.

7. A. flavescens, L. (yellow Oat-grass); panicle much branched lax, spikelets of about 3 florets equal in length to the longer of the very unequal cal.-valves, outer valve of the cor. with two terminal bristles. E. Bot. t. 952.

Dry meadows, and pastures, frequent. Fl. July. 4.-It has the smallest flowers of all our Oat-grasses, and may readily be distinguished by that circumstance, by the two terminal bristles on the outer valve of the cor. and by the unequal cal.-valves. Floral pedicels downy with a small tuft of hairs at the top, and there is a terminal abortive flower, reduced to a pedicellated bristle, hairy at its base.

1. A. Phragmites, L. (common Reed); panicle spreading, cal.valves acuminate coloured ribbed and about 5-flowered, leaves lanceolate acuminato-cuspidate. E. Bot. t. 401.

Abundant in ditches, margins of lakes, rivers, &c. Fl. July. 4.6 f. or more high; the tallest of our Grasses. Panicle large, purplebrown, at length drooping, very handsome. Valves of the cal. very unequal: ext. ovato-lanceolate, many-ribbed; int. twice as long, thin, membranous, obsoletely ribbed. As the flowers advance, the tufts of hair increase, at length becoming very silky.-This plant frequently forms patches of immense extent, called Reed-ronds in some parts of the east of England, which harbour many aquatic birds and the rare Parus biarmicus or bearded Tit-mouse. An extensive use is made of the culms for thatching, garden-screens, for walls and floors which are afterwards covered with clay, &c.

48. ELYMUS. Linn. Lyme-grass.

1. E. arenárius, L. (upright Sea Lyme-grass); spike close erect, spikelets in pairs hairy, florets awnless as long as the lanceolate valves of the cal., leaves involute pungent. E. Bot. t. 1672.

Sandy sea-shores, frequent. Fl. (rarely) July. 24.—Root much creeping in the loose soil; hence it becomes of great value, like the Ammophila arenaria, for preserving a considerable extent of our own coasts and those of Holland from the encroachments of the sea. Culms 3-4 f. high, glabrous. Leaves glaucous, pungent. Spike 4-6 inches long. Spikelets of about 3 flowers on the rachis. Cal.-valves 2, lanceolate, acuminate. Valves of the cor. resembling them, but the ext. one broader; int. bifid at the point, angles of the folds ciliated. The seeds are said to be made into bread in Iceland.

2. E. geniculátus, Curt. (pendulous Sea Lyme-grass); spike lax bent downwards with one angle, spikelets in remote pairs, cal.-valves subulate glabrous longer than the florets, leaves involute pungent. E. Bot. t. 1586.

Near Gravesend, in a salt-marsh: very rare. Fl. July. 4.-A very remarkable plant, apparently quite distinct from the preceding; yet I cannot but wish some one would study it in its locality, Gravesend, which is the only station recorded for it. I possess something very like it in a diseased state of E. arenarius, gathered in Scotland by Mr M'Nab.

3. E. Europaus, L. (wood Lyme-grass); spike erect compact glabrous, spikelets ternate 1-2-flowered, cal.-valves setaceous, florets terminated by a long awn, leaves flat. E. Bot. t. 1317.

Woods and thickets, especially in a chalky soil: apparently not rare in the midland and northern parts of England, but unknown to Scotland. Fl. June. 2.-It would appear to me much more natural to unite this with Hordeum, as Hudson has done. My specimens have the calyx mostly one-flowered, and I do not see how it differs from those Hordea which have their lateral flower fertile. In habit too it quite accords, as well as in the long awns and subulate cal.-valves.

44. HORDEUM. Linn. Barley.

1. H. murínum, L. (wall Barley); cal.-valves of the intermediate floret linear-lanceolate ciliated, those of the lateral florets setaceous scabrous. E. Bot. t. 1971.

Waste ground, by walls and road-sides: common in England, rare in Scotland. About Edinburgh; and at Elgin, Rev. G. Gordon, which is its most northerly range. Fl. June, July. O.

2. H. praténse, Huds. (meadow Barley); all the cal.-valves setaceous and scabrous. E. Bot. t. 409.

Moist meadows and pastures in England, frequent: rare in Scotland; Mr Neill finds it about Salisbury Craigs. Fl. July. .

3. H. marítimum, With. (sea-side Barley); cal.-valves smoothish, the interior one of the lateral florets semi-lanceolate, the rest setaceous. E. Bot. t. 1205.

Light dry pastures and sandy ground near the sea, not rare in England. In Scotland it has only been found in Angus-shire. Fl. July. -AIL our British species of this genus are admirably characterized by the form, &c. of their cal.-valves. The present is the smallest species, procumbent at the base and glaucous.

45. TRÍTICUM. Linn. Wheat or Wheat-grass.
*Spikelets distichous.

1. T. caninum, Huds. (fibrous-rooted Wheat-grass); cal.-valves awned with 3-5 ribs and about 5 awned florets, leaves plane, root fibrous. E. Bot. t. 1327.-Elymus, L.

Woods and banks, frequent. Fl. July. 4.-Best distinguished from the following by its fibrous root.

2. T. répens, L. (creeping Wheat-grass or Couch-grass); cal.valves many-ribbed with from 4-8 awned (rarely awnless) florets, leaves plane, root creeping. E. Bot. t. 909.

Fields and waste places, every where. Fl. throughout the summer months. 2.-In habit between the preceding and following, having a glaucous tint when growing near the sea. Leaves plane or nearly so. Spikelets smaller and less compressed than in T. junceum. Cal. and ext. valves of the cor. with from 5-9 nerves, acute or terminated by an awn of greater or less length.-This pest of the corn-fields is difficult to be extirpated on account of its long creeping roots.

3. T. júnceum, L. (rushy sea Wheat-grass); valves of the cal. obtuse much ribbed with 4-5 awnless florets, leaves involute pungent, root creeping. E. Bot. t. 814.

Sandy sea-shores, frequent. Fl. July. 4.-Whole plant glaucous, rigid, 1-3 f. high. Spike long. Spikelets oblong, much compressed,

distant, sessile. Cal. valves oblong-lanceolate, often with 3 teeth at the point. Ext. valves of the cor. similar, with 5 nerves.

4. T. * cristátum, Schreb. (crested Wheat-grass); valves of the cal. subulate keeled awned scarcely nerved with about 4 awned florets, spikelets much crowded. É. Bot. t. 2267.

Sea-side between Arbroath and Montrose. G. Don. Fl. July. 4. ** Spikelets secund.

5. T. loliáceum, Sm. (dwarf sea Wheat-grass); valves of the cal. indistinctly 3-nerved obtuse of many awnless florets, root fibrous annual. E. Bot. t. 221.-Catapodium, Link.

Sandy sea-shores of Norfolk, Suffolk, and Essex. North Wales and Isle of Man. East coast of Scotland. Fl. June, July. O.-Singularly stiff and wiry, as much so as Poa rigida, which it greatly resembles; branching from the very base, 3—4 inches high. Leaves linear, rigid, plane. Spikelets more or less distant, secund, lower ones sometimes compound. Ext. valve of the cor. broadly ovate, concave.

46. BRACHYPÓDIUM. Beauv. False Brome-grass.

1. B. sylvaticum, Beauv. (slender False Brome-grass); spike drooping, spikelets nearly cylindrical secund hairy, awns longer than the florets. Festuca, E. Fl, v. i. p. 149.-Bromus, Poll.— E. Bot. t. 729.

Woods and hedges, not frequent. Fl. July, 4.-2 f. high. Leaves broadly linear-lanceolate, very hairy. Cal.-valves unequal, lanceolatoacuminate, much nerved. Ext. valve of cor. linear-lanceolate, much nerved, scabrous, rarely hairy; int. one truncate, margins ciliated.

2. B. pinnátum, Beauv. (heath False Brome-grass); spike erect, spikelets nearly cylindrical distichous hairy, awns shorter than the florets. Lindl. Syn. p. 297.-Festuca, E. Fl. v. i. p. 150.-Bromus, L.-E. Bot. t. 730.

Open fields and heathy places, on chalky soil; in Yorkshire, Oxfordshire, and Kent. Fl. July. 4.-A very graceful plant.

47. LÓLIUM. Linn. Darnel.

1. L. perénne, L. (perennial Darnel or Rye-grass); spikelets much longer than the cal., florets awnless linear-oblong compressed, root perennial. E. Bot. t. 315.

Way-sides, pastures and waste places, frequent. Fl. June, July, 24.1-2 f. high. Spike with the general aspect of Triticum repens; sometimes, from luxuriance, compound. Florets linear-oblong, nerved.-A most valuable grass for the agriculturist, and frequently employed with clover for artificial pasture and hay.

2. L. temulentum, L. (bearded Darnel); spikelets equal in length with the cal., florets as long as the rigid awns, root annual. E. Bot. t. 124.-6. florets with short soft imperfect awns. -L. arvense, With. E. Bot. t. 1125.

Corn-fields, not common in Scotland. Fl. July. O.—The seeds mixed with wheat and made into bread have proved highly injurious to those who have eaten it. The L. arvense of Withering can only be considered a var. of the present with an imperfect awn.