however, not send away this letter until I come to Trebison, eighteen hours, or fifty-four miles, from here. I begin this letter by continuing my journal.

May 22.-The Armenian Bishop Hakobus called on me. He is born at Sawas, the ancient Sebaste, where 5000 Armenians are, with a bishop, two churches, twenty priests, and the monastery Surp-Neshaa. He informs me that at Marsauan are 2500 Armenians, one archbishop, one church, and the great monastery SurpAstwazazan.

May 23.-I was ill; so that I desired you to let my brethren know that, if I die, I die a faithful servant of Jesus.

"The Greeks of the diocese of the Greek bishop came from their villages, and brought presents to their bishop, which they presented to him by bowing first to the ground, and then kissing his hand, and then bowing again. He gave to every one of them a small cup of brandy, which they drank, exclaiming, Christos aneste!'-i. e. 'Christ is risen.' They brought then an accusation against one of the parishioners: the bishop wrote immediately an anathema against him, which was to be read in the church.

"I met to-day a good many Greeks who had New Testaments of the Bible Society, given to them by Benjamin Barker. They complain bitterly about the tyranny of the Turks. They curse the Russians; for their coming to this country, and going away again, has done them harm-for in Anatolia the firmans of the Sultan are disregarded. The Greek Bishop here desired fifty Greco-Turkish Testaments.

"The Primate of the Armenians of Goron called on me. At Goron are 5000 Armenians, one church, and one priest. They are under the Catholicos (chief patriarch) of Sis, whose name is Ephri like that of Ech-Miazin. The ancient convent of Sis, the rival Ech-Miazin, is now deserted. The Patriarch is gone to reside at Adana, and the priests in other places of Armenia; for Kujak Gozan Ogloo, a chief of the Curds, who resides with his band upon the mountain, and defies the Sultan, has troubled them too much.

Haji Caspar Haji Hakob Oglu called on me. He lamented the circumstance that two bishops of them have been married by the English.

May 24.-Having rubbed my body well with laudanum; the dysentery ceased, and I set out with another, but very bad, Tatar for Trebison; for I learnt that Sir Henry Willock was coming that road with a physician. It was a rainy day. We arrived in the evening in a miserable Greek village, where they speak the most corrupt Greek I ever heard in my life. The poor people were first afraid that my Tatar was coming to tax them, by order of the Governor of Karairjar, but I quieted them. My Tatar, however, being a most suspicious character, I desired a Greek to accompany me to Trebison, for which I promised him 200 piastres. I spoke to the people about Christ in my broken Turkish. I would advise every traveller to go with a Tatar of Constantinople, who are welleducated people, but never with a Tatar of a country town. The name of the village where we slept is Trobtshe.

May 25.-After three hours' ride we arrived at Kara-Totar, belonging to the wealthy Hamed Zadeh Omar Aga, a very kind and hospitable Turk. After stopping there for an hour, we continued our journey for the village Sikhar.

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May 26.-We arrived at Ulu-Sheiran. The ruins of many churches shew that it was formerly inhabited by many Christians: now it is inhabited by two Greek and one Armenian family.

May 27-After twelve hours' ride we arrived at Gumushkane, called in Greek Kanion, or Khaldeas. Gumushkane, as well as Trebison, is in Cappadocia, and thus is Karairjar. The Armenian Bishop Krekor received me cordially: he knows Mr. Leeves by reputation. Bishop Krekor is a learned man, but his unmarried situation makes him hypochondriacal, and he would willingly follow the example of his colleagues Dionysius and Jacob, who have married. He wished to travel with me, but I could give him no encouragement.

"The diocese of Gumushkane contains 1620 Armenians, one monastery, one church, and five priests. At Trebison, belonging to the same bishop, are 1900 Armenians, and 35 villages containing 2500 Armenians.

"When confusion prevailed, 1500 years ago, around Mount Ararat, Kerkor left Ech-Miazin and went to Rum-Kalah: from that time many patriarchs resided at Rum-Kalah. When peace was restored, Kirakos returned to Ech-Miazin, 300 years ago, and left behind an agent, Mekhitar, whom they made Catholicos, and thus two Catholicos existed. The monastery, Ahtamar, made a third Catholicos. The name of the present Catholicos, at Ahtamar is Serkees his territory is very small, whilst the patriarch of Sis has twenty-nine places under his diocese.

"The convent of Sis was erected 900 years ago, by Toros, the grandfather of Leon, the king of Armenia.

"The Patriarch Catholicos is anathematized by the rest of the Armenian nation.

"The famous Gregorius Lusarowitsh died at Sebuktagh, 100 miles towards the south of Trebison.

"The Armenian Bishop informs me that he has erected two schools; one at Gumushkane, containing 60 children; at Trebison, 120 children. He desires 100 Armenian Bibles from England, as a present: they may be forwarded to him by the English Consul."

"Trebison, June 1, 1831.

"I arrived yesterday here, at Trebison, quite recovered of my dysentery. I learnt that Messrs. Smith and Dwight, the American missionaries, had been here, and continued their journey for Constantinople and Malta. Mr. Brant, the British Vice-Consul, received me very kindly in his house, and gave to me a good room. The Sardinian Vice-Consul called on me the same day. To-day I called on Mons. Fontanier, the French Vice-Consul, who is a designing, intriguing man. Now I must continue to give you

further information about the Armenians.

E

"At Kura Bulagh, twelve hours from this convent, are Yeseedee, worshippers of the devil.

"The following convents are near Bayazid: first, Mezob Artwezazir, one priest; secondly, Tutas Arakel, where the Apostle Thaddius is buried, are three priests. The Euphrates is flowing near Utsh Kelesea. The Russians had inundated this country with their armies, but met with a powerful resistance at Akhalzikh, where 3000 Turkish women, who took up arms, were put to death. In the name of their Prophet they attacked the Russians, and killed 7000 of them. The Turkish women cast fire upon them.

"June 24.-My beloved wife and child are to-day the objects of my thoughts and prayers. I was obliged to take a priest from here with me; for I was so ill I wished to have a Christian with me, in case that I should die. Several small colonies are now established in Turkey, by Persians, who emigrated from Erivan on account of the invasion of the Russians.

"Left Utsh Kelesea, and arrived at Bayazid, in Armenian called Tarunek: it is governed by Mohammed Balul Pasha, whose ancestors have already been pashas in this place. His grandfather built a splendid palace here, which is now inhabited by Balul Pasha, a very civil and kind gentleman; but he has almost no power, for he is surrounded by a rebellious tribe of Curds. The Armenians of Bayazid are a very bad set: of the 22,000 families who were here, 150 remained, the rest went to Akhalzikh with the Russians. There are two ignorant priests here.

"June 25.-After having called on the Pasha, and having given notice to Captain Campbell and Doctor M'Neill of the ill state of my health, I left Bayazid, in company of the Armenian priest, and a soldier of the Pasha. As it began to rain, we stopped two hours from Bayazid, in the tents of the Curds Gogi Kara, where I met with an old Dervish from Bokhara, Ismael the son of Ibrahim, to whom I was enabled to proclaim the tidings of salvation by a crucified Saviour. He was by far the most superior dervish I ever met with. I spake with him about prayer. He said, • Whilst I am speaking with you, I am in the presence of God!' that God created first the light; of which light he then formed the angels, and the heavens and the earth, paradise and hell; and of that light he created the light of the prophets; and of the light of the prophets he created the light of the dervishes; and of the light of the dervishes he created the light of Islaam; and of the light of Islaam, the light of the Kufaar, or infidels.

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He tells

The

I asked, What will become of this world?'-Dervish. world will become thus good, that the lamb and the wolf shall feed together, and there shall be a general peace and fear of God on earth; and no controversy on religion, and all shall know God truly; no hatred.'

"Who shall then govern the world?'-Dervish. then be King of the whole world.'

Jesus shall

"How many years shall Jesus reign?'-Dervish. Thirty-six years.'