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"Whence do you know that?'-Dervish. From the Book.' "What do you think of Christians?'-Dervish.

If you wish me to tell you according to the Book, I consider them as infidels"; but if you wish to know my thoughts, I only tell you that we are all images of God? more I cannot tell.'

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Who was the first dervish?'-Dervish. Muhammed Abd

Al Ali.'

"Kaihusus Aodal, a dervish, wrote a book, in which he said 'Know thyself, and thou wilt know God.' I asked the dervish what he thought of those dervishes who go about like fools, and are called Loofe: he replied, that, there are some who are drunk of the love of God, and others are impostors.'

"There are two extremes among Christians in Europe. Some think that one cannot find any light among people who are not Christians: this is certainly not the case. Others, as the mystical philosophers in Germany, believe that one finds more light among the Soffees in Persia and the Dervishes of India than there is to be found in the Sacred Writ, which is not the case; but this is true, that a missionary finds often more light and confirmation of the truth of the Word of God by conversion with dervishes and Jews, than one can find in the lectures of cold, even orthodox, professors in the Universities of Germany, or among members of Committees of Missionary Societies.

"June 26.-We arrived at Awajish, belonging to Jaafar Khan, who had left Erivan when the Russians took possession of it. We stopped a few hours, and then rode on to the tents of Sharaf Ogloo Kasem Sultan, who, in order to get rid of me, told us that we had only three hours to Karainè. We left that inhospitable Persian, and went on to Karainè: but, as there were six hours, instead of three hours, we stopped in the village called Agh Deeza. We took up our abode with the poor but kind Armenian priest, who had a few weeks before fled with several Armenian families, and a blind sister, from Wan, near Diarbekir, on account of the tyranny of Tamur Pasha, in order to settle themselves at Erivan; but on their arrival in the Persian territory they were not allowed to go on, but ordered to settle themselves in Persia. Before the war with the Russians 300 families of Armenians resided at Agha Deeza; now only three families are here. Russia has gained by her war with Turkey and Persia certainly above 600,000 souls in population; but now many who left their homes, especially the Armenians of Turkey, begin to repent, for they have found no paradise in Russia. Nerses, the Armenian Archbishop of Teflis, has already experienced the anger of the Russian autocrat on account of his trying to keep the Armenian church independent from the Russian church. He was exiled to Bessarabia.

"June 27.-We arrived at Karainè, where we stopped for a few hours with Hassein Aga, and then went on to the village called Ali Sheikh, where we lodged again with Armenians.

"June 29.-We went on to Khoz; but as the heat was very op

Woodcock. Doctor M'Neill tells me that the journey to Bokhara is not very difficult. Captain Campbell has already written to Abbas Mirza for letters to Khorassan and Bokhara; Dr. M'Neill also gives me letters for these places. From Tabreez to Bokhara a caravan went, with stoppages, seventy days. I leave Tabreez, if the Lord please, in the middle of August, so that I may be at Bokhara in the month of October I stop, im sha Allah (i. e. ‘if it please God'), till December: go on to Cabul and Calcutta, and hope to be at Tabreez in May next year; and from thence go on without stopping to Malta, 'im sha Allah; for I have never felt the force of ́im sha Allah' more than I do now.

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"I anticipate great satisfaction from my journey to Bokhara; for I meet with a great many Jews at Meshhed, Balkh, and Bokhara, and at Bokhara are one hundred colleges; then again at Cabul."

To his Son." Now you, dear little Drummond, you make great progress in writing; you ought only not to write so fast, then I could more easy read your hand-writing: but, considering your age, I excuse you. Dear Drummond, it is of no consequence how you write ; but improve only in the love to our Lord Jesus Christ, and obey your dear mother. You know that your father is a Jew; pray for the Jews that they may look on Jesus, whom our ancestors have pierced, and mourn. To know that you, dear Drummond, are nursed and brought up in the knowledge of the Lord Jesus Christ, is a great consideration to your absent father, who hopes to see you again here on earth very soon, if it is the Lord's will. Should this not be the case for we are men--then promise me only to love the Lord Jesus Christ, and I shall certainly see you at the feet of our dear Saviour. This wish and this my prayer for you, dear Drummond, is the only inheritance which thy earthly father can leave to you.'

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To Lady G. Wolff." I send you several copies of this letter, that one may be given to Mr. Frere.

"I found here a good many Hebrew and Persian Testaments, which were sent for me from India, and which I take with me to Bokhara. "I have to tell you that Ramadan [his Black servant] got worse and worse daily, so that I dismissed him at Constantinople.

"After having starved, I may say, from Constantinople to this place (except when I was at Trebisond), I eat now with the appetite of a wolf, not of Wolff.

"Dr. M'Neill made me acquainted with the following particulars of the late war of Persia with Russia. The Persian army was entirely defeated: the king Fatallah Shah was abandoned by the governors of the provinces of Aderbejan; and the governors of the other provinces corresponded with Russia. There was not one of his servants in whom the Shah could have any confidence. General Rozan had already received orders by Paskiwitch to march toward Teheran if he had arrived at Teheran, the Persians would have killed the king, and possessed themselves of the royal treasure. Nobody dared to make the king acquainted with the danger which

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was impending over his head. Mirza Abd Alwahab and Mirza Abd Alhassun Khan, his ministers, saw the danger, but they dared not to approach the throne and tell the king of it. They desired Dr. M'Neill to do it. He entered the room of the king. Fatallah Shah was sitting in a small room, his head leaning on his knees; his countenance betrayed deep sorrow; he was absorbed in dismal thoughts. The king said to Dr. M'Neill, 'I know that my government is gone. I did not want war with the Russians. The clergy (i. e. the Mullahs) have drawn me into it.' Dr. M'Neill replied, 'It is not quite so bad; you can save yourself by giving money to the Russians.-The King. How much do they want?'-Dr. M'Neill. 'Seven millions of tomaums and a half.'-King. 'I have not the money.'-Dr. M'Neill. 'If you have not money, give jewels; if you have not jewels, give pearls; if you have not pearls, give territory?'

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"Dr. M'Neill was charged with delivering the money; and after some difficulties the business was settled for four millions, and peace was made. Dr. M'Neill received a beautiful snuff-box from the Emperor Nicholas for his services rendered. It was high time; for Abba Mirza, forsaken of his army, wandered about a fugitive in the mountains of Persia without food and means to live.

"Dr. M'Neill gave to-day a very ingenious interpretation of Hebrews, chap. vii. 1—3. The dervishes in Persia say, 'I have neither father nor mother,' for they have forsaken all for God's sake: thus Melchizedek had neither father nor mother, for he was priest to the Highest.

"July 10.

"I preached and gave Divine service in the British embassy. Mr. Campbell, his lady, Dr. and Mrs. M'Neill, and all their English servants, were present.

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July 12.-Dr. M'Neill gave me the following information about Bokhara, Balkh, and Cabul, which I am now going to visit.—

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'Hyder Toora, the late governor of Bokhara, left two sons. The eldest, having succeeded to the throne, reigned for some time; when a considerable faction, having espoused the cause of the younger brother, succeeded in ejecting the elder from Bokhara, and placing the younger on the throne. Reports of a counter-revolution have reached Persia, but it is not certain whether well founded.

"When the royal family of Cabul was dispossessed by Futteh Khan, Barahzee, Haje Feruz, and Shah Zedek Mahmoud retained the goverment of Herat : but even this was wrested from them by a stratagem of the wily Khan, and it was not until after his death, in a battle with the Persians, that the representatives of the royal family recovered possession of the capital of Dooranees. Mahmoud established his authority in Herat and reigned for some years, when he was put aside by his son Hamenan Murza, who has held that city and the neighbouring country since that time.

"Futteh Khan had many brothers, by different mothers: of these, Muhamed Khan had been made Governor of Peshawer, and was assisted by his uterine brother; Abdulazeem Khan was Governor of Cabul, and was assisted by his uterine brother Dash Muhamed

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