He other. A pity that government pays him only 400 dollars per annum ; for he makes the British name here very much respected, and has already served British government for twenty years. is highly respected by the Viceroy and Ibrahim Pacha, and treats the English travellers very well. By your recommendation many have obtained their posts, and I am sure that you will second my request. He spent every year for the British consulate above 1000 dollars per annum, for people he employs: so that he ought to be better remunerated. Write to me to the care of Messrs. Black, Kerr, and Co., Constantinople, with the request to forward it to Major Taylor, Bagdad." "Alexandria, February 7, 1831. "As you write to me that they complain about the expense I incurred, I feel it to be my duty of giving some account. "The Jews Society had generously granted to me 300l. per annum, and Mr. gave to me to understand that I may draw more in case of need. "My journeys to Holland, Malta, Smyrna, and Greece, in the year 1827, with my wife, did cost the Society not more than 300l. sterling, including my expense for Bibles and Testaments, which I carried about with me for gratuitous distribution. "In the year 1828 I went, with Lady Georgiana, to Beyrut, after the battle of Navarino, when all missionaries ran away from Beyrut -as, Nicolayson, Bird, Goodell, and Smith. We took a great many cases of Bibles with us; and as we found at Beyrut a great many Hebrew and Arabic Bibles in the custom-house, which the officers, on account of the prohibition of the Sultan, would not suffer to pass, I paid above twelve dollars to officers of the custom-house. As it had appearance of war with England, I sent express messengers for obtaining letters of recommendation from the consuls of Aleppo; and sent three express messengers to the Viceroy of Acre, to obtain permission of going to Jerusalem; but in vain. We set out from Beyrut with about twenty cases of Bibles for Cyprus, where the Governor-General promised to procure us a firman from Constantinople he expressed a wish of having an English spy-glass, of which we sent one to him, and another to his prime minister, in order to obtain that firman. As we did not receive it, we went, accompanied by our cases, to Damiat and Cairo; and thence, accompanied by our cases of Bibles, with an addition of them I took at Cairo, through the desert, for which we were obliged to take six camels, one camel 1. 6s. On our arrival at Gaza we were obliged to make presents to the Governor and his officers, in order to permit us to pass on to Jerusalem; and that, if I had taken Lady Georgiana through the desert of Egypt without a guard, I would have exposed her to the danger of being taken by the Arabs as prisoner or slave, the guard did cost us above 61. or 71. sterling. On our arrival at Jerusalem we were without protection, except that of the Turks: we were obliged to make presents to the Turkish authorities, to Omar Effendi, &c. And thus passed the year 1828, in which I see, by the printed accounts, I spent not more than 270l. sterling, 30. sterling below the allowance. "I received poison at Jerusalem, and my other illnesses at Cairo and Jerusalem did cost above 40l. sterling for quack physicians and medicine. On our arrival at Jaffa I heard that the moment we left Jerusalem the Greek priest, Papas Isa Petrus, who assisted me in writing and translating Hebrew tracts into the Arabic, was put in chains and prison by the Turkish authority. I sent an express to Omar Effendi, who liberated him, for which we were obliged to give him a spy-glass worth twenty dollars. An English surgeon of the navy was put in prison at Jerusalem: we were obliged to pay thirty dollars for his liberation. On our arrival at Jaffa we found above twenty cases of the Bible Society, put there by Mr. Jowett eight years ago—the Bibles were half eaten by rats-I took them; for which I was obliged to give 4l. sterling (twenty dollars) to the consul, for the room in which they stood, and for other expense in the custom-house. On our second arrival at Cyprus I found above ten cases of Arabic and Turkish and Italian and Hebrew Scriptures, sent there to the English consul by the Rev. Mr. Connor twelve years ago, which had not yet passed through the customhouse: they were half eaten by the rats. I took possession of them, and distributed, gratis, several hundred of them in the mountains of Cyprus, and then at Alexandria. The carrying about does cost money, for I did not as Connor and Jowett did, to leave them in magazines. It is a remarkable fact, that the most in Palestine who were in possession of Bibles before my arrival there were given by Burkhardt; at Aleppo, by Benjamin Barker; and thus at Lattachia of Connor very few indeed. : "At Cyprus, Lady Georgiana's illness did cost us above 100%. sterling; and still the year 1829 passed and I had spent of the Society only 230/. sterling-that is, 70l. sterling below the allowance. "The year 1830 was marked by the misfortune with the pirates ; the robbery committed by the missionary candidate Haji Joseph; the presents I was obliged to give to the Turkish Aga and his seven soldiers, for bringing us through the burning forests of Roumelie to Salonichi; by hiring a hall in Vicary's hotel for preaching; by paying to the physician for my wounds and apoplectic fits; by printing announcements. The question may be started, Why did Dalton not spend what I did, who went out with wife and child? Answer. He left England by sea, arrived safely at Beyrut, where he left his wife giving suck to her babe.-Why did the excellent missionaries, Gobat, Kugler, and Mueller, not spend what you did, who went from Cairo to Jerusalem ? Answer. They themselves told me that they took no Bibles with them: they had not established a school at Jerusalem, as I did; and fed the poor, as Lady Georgiana did; and sent to Geneva a poor Greek boy, as Lady Georgiana did, at her own expense: they had not to support a Padre Michaele, suffered to starve by Jowett: they had not to support a pious missionary, Mueller, ill treated by Mr. - of the Church Missionary Society. The question farther may be started, Why did Nicolayson not spend so much? Answer. This man, with his spectacles, spent quietly at Safet learning Hebrew of a Jew, until he was roused by the battle of Navarino, which frightened him out of his wit: then he married Mrs. Dalton, went to Malta, got ordained in Germany, returned to England for the purpose of reading a book on baptism, comes to Malta, spends quietly at Floriana, till I roused him to go to Algiers. "I beg you to take a copy of this account, and deliver it to the Society in Wardrobe Place. "I am leaving this place to-morrow for Adalya, Aleppo, Bagdad, and Bokhara. "JOSEPH Wolff." "And it must be observed, that only 40l. sterling salary were given to Haji Joseph for six months, until I heard from the Society, without that rascal's travelling expense." "J. W." "Mr. Wolff desires me to add, that when he, Joseph, and his servant, arrived at Salonica, they were almost naked, and he had to pay seventy-three dollars to Joseph, twenty to the servant, but he only bought a single suit for himself. 66 GEORGIANA WOLFF." "Alexandria, February 7, 1831. “Jan. 16, 1831.-I called on Signor Caviglia, who may be called the Italian Esseans of Egypt. He lives still entirely separated from the world, and spends his time in philosophical, mystical speculations. His outward and open reconciliation with the Church of Rome has not changed his views a bit: his sentiments are the same as ever, with the only addition that he believes the cathedral of St. Peter at Rome was established by Christ, and that we have an authentic catalogue of the successors of Peter from the time of the death of Peter. He is now deeply engaged in the reading of 'Annales originis Magni Galliarum Orientis; ou Histoire de la Foundation du Grand Orient de France.' The following register of names of grand masters is found in that book: 1. Saint Alban;-2. Saint Augustin, Archbishop of Canterbury;-3. Bennet, Abbè de Wiral;— 4. Saint Swithin ;-5. Alfred the Great ;-6. Ethred and Prince Ethelward; -7. King Athelstan ;-8. Prince Edwin;-9. Saint Dunstan, Archbishop of Canterbury ;-10. Edward the Confessor; -11. Roger of Montgomery, &c. He has besides this an old book in which are interesting extracts from the Talmud, which were already known to me. The book was published in the year 1723, at Naples, 'Delle Scuole sacre Libri due del Conte Palatino Domenico Aulisio, &c.' It treats about the origin of the sacred schools among the Jews, and it would be worth the while for all missionaries of the Jews to get that book. "It seems at Theman was an academy of science, human and Divine (Jer. xlix. 7). "Secondly, At Debir, or Kirgath-Sepher (Josh. xv. 15,49), there were the Archives of the Canaanites. The Chaldean paraphrase קריה סנה city of Archives, and קריה ארכי,translates these names In Josh. xv. 49 the Greeks render it woλ ypaμμarwv, city of Scriptures. "Thirdly, At Abel such a school, according to tradition, existed (2 Sam. xx. 18). "The Jews had, and have still, two kinds of schools : "1. NDIIN M', school of congregation-synagogue. “2. VITAN N, school of investigation. "In the first, every Sabbath day a portion of the Law was read (Acts xv. 21). "In the time of the first temple, the priest had the privilege of teaching (2 Chron. xv. 3). "After the destruction of the first temple this distinction ceased (Acts xiii. 15, 16; Luke iv. 21). "Secondly, in the W, school of investigation, divinity, theology was taught; it was superintended by ' elders of Israel,' and by D', 'officers.' p, that is, "The author of Cippi Hebraici (a Jew) and Benjamin Tudela assert that in Egypt a synagogue existed in the time of Moses. They proved it by Exodus iv. 29; for they could only assemble in such a place of worship. And I have to observe, that even now the Jews and Christians of Palestine decide matters of importance in schools and churches. "Samuel seems to have had such schools in Bethel, and Gilgal, and Mizpeh (1 Sam. vii. 15, 16). "Some are of the opinion that Moses found in those synagogues the genealogy mentioned in the xxxvith of Genesis. This opinion does not at all affect the belief in the Divine inspiration of Scriptures; for Moses, an inspired Prophet, may have been thus infallibly guided by the Spirit in making use of existing documents. "On Gen. xxv. 22, Rabbi Jonathan says that Rebecca went to the college of Sem to receive information. "It is even believed by the Rabbis that Abraham finished his education in the college of Sem. Count Palatino Aulisio believes that Elisha had such a school near the Jordan (2 Kings vi. 1, 2). But I am rather inclined to believe that that man of God lived there in a manner, with his companions, as now the Dervishes of Mesopotamia and Persia do. I am far from degrading those Prophets down to the present Dervishes; but so much is true, that the present Dervishes of the East have preserved the external form and habits of the holy men of old. "Jan. 18.-I called on Sir John Malcolm: he introduced me to his suite. I introduced Mr. Bartholomew, the Wesleyan missionary, to him, in order that he may give to that zealous missionary something for his church—he gave to him thirty dollars. 66 Affecting Story of a Greek Slave, related to me by John Barker, Esq., H.B.M. Consul-General.-During the massacre upon the island of Scio, in the year 1822, a boy of an Ionian Greek was made slave. In the year 1830 the master of that Greek boy came to Alexandria with the boy, where he went to the Turkish bath, and where he met by chance an Armenian Christian, and said, 'Buy this slave of me, for I do not know what to do with him;. I wanted to make a Turk of him, but he is obstinately attached to the Greek religion.' "Armenian. 'I do not want him.' "In the night the Armenian dreamt that the Greek servant, with his wife, in the house of Signor Dusiza, a merchant at Alexandria, were the parents of that Greek slave. The dream had made such an impression on him, that he went to the Greek servant of Dusiza. The wife of that Greek servant went immediately to the harem of the Turk. The Greek slave suddenly recognised his mother, and exclaimed, 'My mother.' The Greek servant of Dusiza went to Mr. Barker, who claimed the boy, as an Ionian subject, from Ibrahim Pacha. Ibrahim Pacha cited both the Turk, with his slave, and the parents of the slave, who came with their little girl. The resemblance of the slave with the girl was so striking, that all were convinced that they were children of the same parents. "Ibrahim Pacha, to the Boy. Go over to thy parents.' Turk. You go your way.' 66 To the Specimen of Mussulman Progress in Civilization in Egypt.—One of Muhammed Ali's generals, when in a large company of Europeans and Mussulmans, took a piece of ham in one hand and a bottle of wine in the other, and with a shout of 'huzzah' devoured the ham and drank the wine. His name is Hurshid Bey. "Jan. 19.-After having breakfasted with Sir John Malcolm on board the Blonde, I took in my service the black African whom I baptized, with the condition not to give him any thing till my return to Malta; and I set out for Damiat, in hopes of finding there a ship for Lattachia, in order to proceed from there to Aleppo. Messrs. Bartholomew and Morphett accompanied me to Rosetta. We stopped at Abukir for three hours in an Arab cottage, called cawané (coffee-house), and then set out, at ten o'clock in the night, and arrived at Utko, where we passed a lake in a boat: thence we came to a cottage inhabited by a Dervish-the place is called Shekhthere we slept till day-light. "Jan. 20.—We arrived at Rosetta, called Rasheed by the Arabs, and believed by the Jews to be the ancient Goshen of the Bible. I had a religious conversation with the wife and mother of the Spanish consul. Alas! such Catholics who dislike their priests believed on this account to be enlightened. "Jan. 21.-Messrs. Morphett and Bartholomew set out for Alexandria, and myself and my black servant, Philipp Joseph Diock, continued our journey towards Damiat. We passed through a sandy desert, and arrived, after a ride of thirty-six miles, at Brulus, which is a castle of the Viceroy: we slept there. "Jan. 22.-We came through an Arab village, called Baltin, six miles from Brulus; we stopped there a few hours, and drank milk in the house of an Arab: there is nothing seen but poverty and misery. We passed through Ayash. In the evening we slept in the house of a kind old boatman, in a straw cottage, at Stum, near the Nile, which we were obliged to pass over in a boat. “Jan. 23.-At twelve o'clock in the forenoon I arrived in the |