1

execution, unless he sent the taxes and tribute which were usually paid by his predecessors; and would certainly have done all that he had threatened, had not Tryphon found out another employment for his arms.

A. M. 3841, A.C. 183; OR, ACCORDING TO HALES, A. M.5247. A. C.164.1 MAC. v.1.JOS, HIST, b. xii.c.14-END OF MAC, JOS. HIST.b.xiii. c. 19. ing taken his daughter from Alexander, gave her to his rival Demetrius, and with her assurance to restore him to his father's throne. The Antiochians, taking the opportunity of Ptolemy's approach to execute their resentments upon Ammonius, rose in a tumult, and slew him; and then opening their gates to Ptolemy, were all disposed to make him their king; but he modestly declining that offer, recommended to them the restoration of Demetrius, the true heir whereupon Demetrius was received into the city, and placed on the throne of his

ancestors.

This Tryphon had formerly served Alexander, as governor of Antioch, but, in the present king's reign, was laid aside. Observing, however, that the cruelty and tyranny, which were every where practised, the disbanding the Syrian soldiers, and retaining only foreigners in pay, together with many more grievances, which the people laboured under, had quite alienated their hearts, and made them ready for a general defection, he thought this no unfit opportunity to put in practice his long concerted scheme of advancing himself to the crown of Syria.

Alexander, who was then in Cilicia, hearing of this, came with all his forces towards Antioch, wasting the country with fire and sword; but when Ptolemy with his new son-in-law, met him, and gave him battle, his army To this purpose he goes into Arabia; ' gets Antiochus, was routed, and himself was forced to fly to Arabia, son of the late Alexander, into his hands; brings him where Zabdiel, king of the country, cut off his head, and into Syria, claims the kingdom for him; and, to support sent it as a present to Ptolemy, who was not a little this claim, all the soldiers whom Demetrius had disbandpleased with the sight of it. His joys however did noted, and several others, whom his ill conduct had made last long; for in five days' time he died of the wounds he his enemies, flock in great numbers to the pretender. had received in battle, leaving Demetrius in quiet pos- With these Tryphon marches against Demetrius, vansession of his father's kingdom, which he having recov-quishes him in battle, forces him into Seleucia, and havered by virtue of this victory, did thenceforward take ing taken possession of Antioch, places Antiochus upon upon him the name of Nicanor, that is, conqueror. the throne, and gives him the name of Theos, or the Divine.

During these transactions, Jonathan laid siege to the fortress at Jerusalem; but some of the garrison, escaping by night, came and acquainted Demetrius with it, who thereupon marched from Antioch with an army to relieve it. But coming to Ptolemais, he stopped there and sent | for Jonathan to appear before him, and answer to such accusations as were preferred against him. Jonathan went thither, though he ordered the siege still to go on; and, when he came to Demetrius, by his rich presents and wise management, he so mollified the king, and insinuated himself into his good graces, that he not only confirmed him in the possession of what he had, but honoured him likewise with many new favours, and upon the payment of 300 talents, agreed to exempt from all tolls, taxes and tributes, all the places that were under his government.

3

Jonathan, upon his return to Jerusalem, pressed the siege of the fortress very closely; but finding little or no success therein, he sent an embassy, to Demetrius, desiring him to withdraw the garrison, which he could not expel. This and much more Demetrius promised to do for him, if he would but send him some forces to reduce the inhabitants of Antioch, who, incensed by his cruelty and oppression, had taken up arms against him. Jonathan immediately dispatched 3000 choice men to his aid, who coming to Antioch, when the people had beset the place with an intent to murder the tyrant, as they called him, fell on with fire and sword, and having burned a great part of the city, and slain of the inhabitants about 100,000 persons, obliged the rest to have recourse to the king's clemency, and pray for peace. But all this service availed nothing. Demetrius, seeing this storm overpast, forgot the bargains which he had made with Jonathan at Ptolemais; and, though he had received the 300 talents in lieu of them, threatened him with military

4

11 Mac. xi. 13; Joseph. Antiq. b. xiii. c. 8.

2 Ibid. ver. 20, 47; Joseph. Antiq. b. xvii, c. 8. ' Ibid. ver. 47-52; Joseph. Antiq. h. xiii. e. 9. 41 Mac. xi. 53.

6

The ill return which Demetrius made Jonathan, was, doubtless, the chief reason for his declaring for this new king; who, by the advice of those that were about him, took care, not only to confirm him in the office of high priest, and in all his other places and dignities, but to make likewise his brother Simon commander of all his forces, from Tyre to the frontiers of Egypt. Upon this defection from him, Demetrius sent all the troops that were left in Cœlo-Syria and Phœnicia, to chastise him for it: but he not only repulsed them twice, but took Gaza likewise, and all the country as far as Damascus; while Simon, whom he left in Judea, penetrating into the land of the Philistines, took Joppa, and placed a strong garrison in it. Tryphon, who had no other aim in getting young Antiochus into his hands, than to serve his wicked purposes, knew very well, that, as long as Jonathan continued in his interest, it would be in vain for him to attempt the crown; and therefore, having prevailed with him to dismiss his army, and to accompany him to Ptolemais, under pretence of putting that place into his hands, with no more than a thousand men, they were no sooner entered, but the garrison, having shut the gates upon them, seized Jonathan, and put his men to the sword.

Having thus circumvented Jonathan, he took him along with him, and marched his army into Judea; but the Jews by this time had chosen Simon his brother for their commander, and were ready to give him a warm reception. Not finding himself therefore able to engage them, he sent Simon this deceitful message,-9“ That he had seized Jonathan only because he owed 100 talents to the king; but that in case he would send the money, and Jonathan's two sons to be hostages for their father's fidelity, he would set him again at liberty." Simon seen 51 Mac. xi. 54-56; Joseph. Antiq. b. xiii. c. 9; and Apis. de Syriacis. 6 Ibid. xi. 57-59; Joseph. ibid. 71 Mac. xi. 64: Joseph. Ibid.

• Ibid. xii. 30-52. * Ibid. xiii. 12—19; Joseph. Antiq. b. xiii. c. 11.

C

A. M.3841. A. C.163; OR, ACCORDING TO HALES, A.M. 5247.A.C.164.1 MAC.v.1. JOS.HIST. b. xii. c.14-END OF MAC. JOS. HIST. b. xiii. c. 19. saw through this deceit; but he complied with the trai- | Cleopatra his queen had shut up herself and her children tor's demand, for fear it should be said that he had not in Seleucia; but, fearing to fall into the hands of the done all that lay in his power to save his brother's life; traitor Tryphon, and being provoked at her husband's and accordingly sent the money, and two young men. marrying the daughter of Mithridates, king of Parthia, But when the villain had got them in his power, he put she sent to his brother Antiochus, who still continued in both them and their father to death; and thinking that Crete, offering him the crown, and herself in marriage, he had now nothing to obstruct his main design, he caus- if he would come and join his interest with hers against ed Antiochus to be murdered privately; and then assum- Tryphon. This offer he readily accepted of; and, in the ing the crown, declared himself king of Syria in his beginning of the next year, landed in Syria, with an army of mercenaries, which was soon augmented by a large accession of the usurper's forces, which every day deserted from him: so that, not being able to keep the field, he fled from place to place, till at length, coming to Apamea, d his own native city, he was there taken and put to death. This end being put to his usurpation, Antiochus became fully possessed of his father's throne; and, being a man much addicted to hunting, he had for that reason the name of Sidetes, which, in the Syrian language, signifies the hunter.

stead.

When Simon heard of his brother's death, and that he was buried at Bascama in the land of Gilead, he sent and fetched his dead body from thence; and, having buried it with great funeral solemnity in his father's sepulchre at Modin, he erected over it a stately monument, all built of white marble, and curiously wrought and polished.

2

Simon, as soon as he was admitted to the government of the land, sent to Demetrius, who was then at Laodicea, a crown of gold, and ambassadors to treat with him about terms of peace and alliance. The king granted to Simon a confirmation of the high priesthood and principality, and to the people a release of all taxes, tolls, and tributes, with an oblivion of all past acts of hostility, on condition that they would join with him against the usurper: in virtue of which treaty, Simon, being made sovereign prince of the land, and the land freed from all foreign yoke, the Jews from this time, instead of dating their instruments and contracts by the years of the Syrian kings, as hitherto they had done, dated them by the years of Simon and his successors. Having thus obtained the independent sovereignty of the land, he took a progress through it, to inspect what was wanting for its security; repairing the fortifications that were decayed, making new ones where they were wanted, and besieging and taking the places that stood out against him. He had no occasion however to besiege the fortress of Jerusalem, because the wall which his brother Jonathan had built against it had so cut off all communication with the city, that the garrison being sore distressed for want of provisions, and all other necessaries, was forced to surrender the place; and Simon, wisely considering how much the city of Jerusalem had been infested by that citadel, pulled it down to the ground, that it might no longer be a retreat to sedition and faction; and, to prevent its being built at any time, levelled the hill on which it was situated; so that now no eminence was left but the mount of the temple only. Demetrius at this time was prisoner in Parthia, and

1 Mac. xiii. 25-30: Joseph. Antiq. h. xiii. c. 11. 1 Mac. xiii. 34-42; Josep. ibid. 1 Mac. xiv. 7—33. This edifice, being erected on an eminence, was seen far off at sea; and, on that coast, was taken notice of as a good seamark. Near to the monument Simon placed seven pyramids, two for his father and mother, four for his four brothers, and the seventh for himself, and then encompassed the whole with a stately portico, supported by marble pillars, each of one entire piece, and whereon were engraved ships and arms, and other military ensigns. Josephus tells us, that this whole fabric was standing entire in his days, and looked upon as a very curious and excellent piece of architecture; (Antiq. b. 13, c. 11.) and Eusebius mentions it as still in being in his time, which was two hundred years after the time of Josephus.--Prideaux's Connection, anno 144.

The reason of Demetrius's being in this condition in this place, by profane historians, is said to be this:-As the Par

thians had at this time overrun in a manner all the East, and had made themselves masters of every country from the river Indus to the Euphrates, those who were of the Macedonian race in those parts, not bearing their usurpation and insolence, invited Demetrius, by repeated embassies, to come to their relief, promising him a general revolt-from the Parthians, and such assistance of forces against them as would enable him to suppress these usurpers, and recover to his dominions all the provinces of the East. Upon confidence of these promises, he undertook the expedition; and found as soon as he appeared, that the Elymeans, the Persians, and the Bactrians, declared for him. By the assistance of these nations he overthrew the Parthians in several conflicts; but at last, under the show of a treaty of peace, being drawn into a snare, he was made prisoner, and all his army cut to pieces. The king that reigned in Parthia at this time was Mithridates, the son of Priapatites, who, having thus got Demetrius into his power, carried him round the revolted provinces, that, by seeing the prince whom they confided in reduced to this ignominious condition, they might more easily be brought to submit to their former yoke: but, when he had done

this, he allowed him a maintenance suitable to the state of a king, and gave him one of his daughters, whose name was Rhodaguna, in marriage.-Justin, b. 41. c. 5, and 6; Joseph. Antiq. b. 13. c. 9 and 12; and Orosus, b. 5. c. 4.

e Seleucia was a city of Syria, situate upon the Mediterranean, It was generally called Pieria, to distinguish it from other cities near the place where the Orontes discharges itself into that sea. of the same name; and from it the country adjoining received the name of Seleucis. To the natural strength of the place, were | added so many fortifications, that, in the opinion of Strabo, the city was rendered impregnable. Pompey, the Roman general, conferred on it the privilege of a free city, a privilege which was confirmed by several emperors, as appears from many ancient medals. The chief deity of the inhabitants, previous to the reception of Christianity, was Jupiter, whose worship was splendidly celebrated on Casius, a neighbouring mountain, It was from the port of this city that Paul and Barnabas embarked for Cyprus, Acts xiii. 4; and, like the neighbouring city of Antioch, where the disciples of Jesus were first called Christians. The city of Seleucia also very early received the gospel, probably about A. D. 43. At a subsequent period it became an eminent Christian city; but nothing remains of Seleucia at the present time, except ruins, among which are those of some of its ancient churches and convents.-ED.

d It is a city of Syria, lying upon the Orontes, and was built, as is believed, either by Seleucus the first king of Syria, or by his son Antiochus Soter, in honour of Queen Apamea the wife of Seleucus, the mother of Antiochus.- Calmet's Dictionary, under the word.

A.M.3841. A. C.163, OR, ACCORDING TO HALES, A.M.5217. A.C 161,1 MAC.v. i.JOS. HIST. b. xii. c. 14-END OF MAC.JOS. HIST.b.xiil.c.19. and sent an ambassador, demanding him to deliver up execrable villain, we have no manner of account in Joppa and Gazara, and other places, or else to pay him history. a thousand talents of silver for them. These conditions were thought too unreasonable to be complied with; and therefore, when Antiochus sent an army under the command of Cendebeus, to enforce them, Simon, though very far advanced in years, with a juvenile courage, prepared to give him a warm reception; and, with his two sons, Judas and John, who was afterwards called Hyrcanus, put his army to flight almost at the first onset, and, in the pursuit, cut off a great number of them: but, to be revenged of him for this defeat, Antiochus concerted the most abominable measures.

2

he

Simon had a son-in-law named Ptolemy, whom had appointed governor of the plains of Jericho. This man, who was rich and ambitious, had laid a design, which he communicated to Antiochus, for the usurpation of the government to himself; but this could not well be done without the destruction of Simon and his family. As Simon, therefore, and two of his sons, Judas and Mattathias, were making a progress through the cities of Judah, when they came to Jericho, Ptolemy invited them to an entertainment which he had prepared for them in a castle of his own building: but, while they were drinking and making merry, he caused them, and all that attended them, to be assassinated; and, thinking thereupon to make himself master of the whole land, he sent a party to Gazara, where John Hyrcanus, " Simon's third son, resided, with a design to slay him likewise. But Hyrcanus having had intelligence of what passed at Jericho, was prepared to receive his intended murderers, and having dispatched them, hastened to Jerusalem to secure the city, and the mount of the temple, against those whom the traitor had sent to take possession of both. After this Hyrcanus was declared high priest and prince of the Jews, in place of his father Simon, who was greatly lamented; but what finally became of this

b

11 Mac. xv. 30-36.

2 Ibid. xvi. 14-22; Joseph. Antiq. b. 13. c. 14. a Why this captain was called Hyrcanus, some impute to the victory which he obtained over Hyrcanus, whom the books of the Maccabees, and Josephus, call Cendebeus, though others say, that he had this name from a gallant action against the Hyrcanians, perhaps in the expedition wherein he accompanied Alexander Sidetes beyond the Euphrates.—Culme.'s Dictionary, under the word.

The commendation which the autlior of the first book of the Maccabees, (chap. xiv. 4,) &c. bestows upon Simon, is worth our observation; for he therein tells us, that he sought the good of the nation,' in every thing, so that his authority always pleased them well: that during his administration, whilst Syria, and other neighbouring kingdoms were almost destroyed by wars, the Jews lived quietly, every man under his own vine and fig tree,' enjoying, without fear, the fruits of their labours, and beholding with pleasure the flourishing state of their country; their trade increased by the reduction of Joppa, and other maritime places: their territories enlarged; their armies well disciplined; their towns and fortresses well garrisoned; their religion and liberties secured; their land freed from heathen enemies, and Jewish apostates; and their friendship courted by all the nations about them, even by the Romans and the Lacedemonians. He observes farther, that this Simon was no less zealous for the service of God, in exterminating apostasy, superstition, idolatry, and every thing else that was contrary to his laws; that he was a great protector of the true Israelites, and a friend to the poor; that he restored the service of the temple to its ancient splendour, and repaired the number of its sacred vessels; so that we need not wonder, if the Jewish sanhedrim thought no diguity or honour, while he lived, and when he was so basely and barbarously cut

and

Antiochus having received from Ptolemy an account of the death of Simon and his sons, thought that he had now a fair opportunity to reduce Judea again under the Syrian empire; and therefore he immediately marched a large army thither; and having overrun the country, and driven Hyrcanus out of the field, he shut him up and all his forces within the walls of Jerusalem, and there besieged him. The siege was carried on vigorously; the defence of the place was executed as gallantly: but Hyrcanus being distressed for want of provisions for so vast a number of people as was in the city, was forced to sue for peace, which was granted him upon these terms, that the besieged should deliver up their arms; that Jerusalem should be dismantled; that tribute should be paid to the king for Joppa, and the other towns which were held by the Jews out of Judea; and that, to buy off the fortress of Jerusalem, from being rebuilt, which Antiochus much insisted on, they should pay him five hundred talents;d three hundred down in hand, and the

31 Mac. xvi. 18; Joseph. Antiq. b. xiii. c. 16. off, no grief and lamentation, too great for a man of his uncommen merit.-Universal History, b. ii. c. 11.

c Josephus has something peculiar in his account of this vile miscreant, namely, that after he had killed his father-in-law Simon, he seized on his wife, and two of her children, and with them betook himself to a certain castle not far from Jerusalem, called Dagon; that when Hyrcanus came to besiege it, the vil lain's custom was, to bring out his mother and brothers, and to whip and torment them in the sight of all the people, with meaces to cast them headlong from the battlements, unless Hyrcanus withdrew the siege; that when Hyrcanus, out of tendeniess to his mother and brothers, was thinking of raising the siege, and from the walls, not to regard her, or her children's sutterings, but suffering the traitor to escape, his mother called aloud to him to proceed in the siege with vigour, that so he might do lúmself and his family right, in taking a just vengeance upon that execrable mouster; that, notwithstanding this magnanimous exhortation, he could not bear to see his relations tortured, and therefore delayed the siege, until the sabbatical year came on, wherein the Jews were obliged to rest; so that Ptolemy, by this means, being delivered from the war, and the siege, after he had slain the mother and brothers of Hyrcanus, withdrew to Zeno, surnamed Catyla, a tyrant who at that time had usurped to himself the government of Philadelphia; (Antiq. b. xiii. c. 15) But our learned Usher is of opinion, that this whole account of Josephus is fabulous.

d Josephus tells us that Hyrcanus, to find some money for this, and other occasions of the government, broke up the sepul chre of David, and took from thence three thousand talents, and that Herod the Great did afterwards the like, Antiq. b. xvii. c. 16, and b. xvi. c. 11. But both these stories are highly improbable. David had now been dead nearly nine hundred years, and what is told of this treasure, supposes it to have been buried with him all this time. It supposes, that as oft as the city of Jerusalem, the palace, and the temple, during the reigns of the kings of Judah, had been plundered of all their wealth and trea sure by prevailing enemies, this dead stock still remained sale from all rifle or violation. It supposes, that as oft as these kings were forced to take all the treasure that was found in the house

of the Lord, as well as in their own, to relieve the exigencies of the state, they never meddled with this, that was uselessly buried with David in his grave. It supposes, that when one of the worst of their kings (2 Kings xv. 8, &c. and 2 Chron. xxviii. 21, &c.) plundered the temple of its sacred vessels, and cut them pieces, to melt them down into money for his common occasions; and that when one of the best of them (2 Kings xviii. 15, t) was forced to cut off the gold wherewith the gates and pillars of the temple were overlaid, to bribe a destroying enemy, this use less treasure still continued untouched. Nay, it supposes, that when Nebuchadnezzar destroyed both the city and the temple of Jerusalem; so that, for many years they both lay in rubbish, this

A.M. 3841. A.C. 163; OR, ACCORDING TO HALES, A. M. 5247. A. C.164. 1 MAC. v.1.JOS. HIST.b.xi.c.14-END OF MAC.JOS. HIST.b.xiii.c.19. other two in a reasonable time, for which they were to pretending to be the son of Alexander Balas, laid claim give hostages. to his crown; and by the assistance of Ptolemy Physcon, king of Egypt,3 defeated him in a pitched battle. Demetrius fled for refuge to Ptolemais, where his wife Cleopatra then resided; but she ordered the gates to be shut against him, so that he was forced to betake himself for refuge to Tyre, where he fell into the hands of his enemies, who first made him prisoner, and then put him to death. Zabina, by this means, ascended the throne of Syria, but he did not sit long there; for Physcon, expecting that he should hold it in homage from him, which the other was not inclinable to do, resolved

The treaty being thus concluded, Hyrcanus invited the king and his army into the city, where he gave them a splendid and most magnificent reception, and afterwards, with some of his forces, attended him to the Parthian war: for Antiochus, under pretence of rescuing his brother Demetrius Nicanor from the hands of Phraortes king of Parthia, who had long detained him as prisoner, marched against him with a powerful army. In three pitched battles he gained the victory, and reco1 vered Babylonia, Medea, and some other provinces that formerly belonged to the Syrian monarchy; and as Hyr-to pull him down as fast as he had set him up; and canus had his share in all these actions, he returned with the glory of them at the end of the year; but Antiochus 'and his army, who chose to winter in the east, were all, in one night," destroyed by the inhabitants of the country.

In the mean time, Demetrius,' whom Phraortes had set at liberty, was returned to Syria, and, upon his brother's death, had recovered his kingdom; but still persisting in his vicious courses, and tyrannical way of government, he had not been long reinstated, before his subjects rebelled against him, and one Alexander Zabina,

1 Justin, b. xxxviii.

Justin, b. xxxviii; Joseph. Antiq. b. xiii. c. 16. treasure in David's sepulchre lay, all the while, safe and secure under it; and that when Antiochus Epiphanes, in like manner, destroyed the city, and robbed the temple of all that he could find, this treasure still escaped his rapacious hands, nor was ever molested, till Hyrcanus, at this time, was forced to make bold with it: all which suppositions seem highly improbable, and beyond belief. There is this, however, to be said in the matter, that as there certainly was a bank or treasury in the temple where money was laid up for the support of the poor, for the relief of widows and fatherless children, and for the maintenance of divine service; and where the great men, and rich men of the nation, were used to deposit their wealth, for its better security: it is not improbable, that upon the account of the frequent invasions and depredations they were liable to, this treasure might be kept in some secret and subterraneous place, unknown to all, but such as were at the head of aflairs; that Hyrcanus, being now under great difficulty to raise money, might horrow it out of this bank, till better times enabled him to repay it; and that Herod, when he plundered it quite, might trump up this plausible story, that it neither belonged to church, nor poor, nor any private person, but had been deposited there by David and his successors, as a proper supply for the state in times of need.-Prideaux's Connection, anno 135; and Universal History, b. ii. c. 11.

a The army, which, together with its attendants, amounted to the number of nearly four hundred thousand persons, being forced to disperse all over the country, were quartered at too great a distance from each other to be able in any time to gather together in a body; and as they had grievously oppressed all places wherever they lay, the inhabitants took the advantage of this their dispersion, and conspired with the Parthians, in one and the same day, to fall upon them in their several quarters, and cut their throats; which accordingly they did, and when Antiochus, with the forces which he had about him, hastened to the assistance of the quarters that were near him, he was overpowered, and slain; so that of this numerous army, there scarce returned a man into Syria, to carry the doleful news of this terrible overthrow. Phraortes, however, (who was then king of Parthia,) caused the body of Antiochus to be taken up from among the dead, and having put it into a silver coffin, sent it honourably into Syria, to be there buried among his ancestors.— Justin, b. xxxviii. c. 12; Joseph. Antiq. b. xiii. c. 16.Apion de Syriacis.

6 The reason of his releasing Demetrius, and sending him into Syria, was, that by raising troubles there for the recovery of his crown, he might force Antiochus to return, in order to suppress them.-Prideaux's Connection, anno 130.

therefore, having married his daughter Tryphæna to Antiochus Gryphus, the son of the late Demetrius, he assisted him with an army, which vanquished Zabina, and compelled him to shut himself up in Antioch: but the Antiochians, being informed that he intended to rob their temple of Jupiter of a golden statue, which was very massy, to enable him to carry on the war, thrust him out from thence, so that wandering from place to to place, he fell at last into the hands of those who carried him to Antiochus, by whose direction he was put to death.

d

During these divisions and disturbances, Hyrcanus laid hold on the opportunity, not only to enlarge his own territories, but to shake off the Syrian yoke likewise, and make himself wholly independent. He built the stately tower, or rather castle of Baris, upon a steep rock, that was fifty cubits high, and on all sides inaccessible, except towards the temple. He took several cities, which the great draughts of men the kings of Syria had made for their foreign expeditions, had left unprovided with garrisons: he subdued Shechem, the chief seat of the sect of the Samaritans, and destroyed their temple which Sanballat had built them on Mount Gerazzim: 'he conquered the Idumeans, and prevailed with them all to become proselytes to the Jewish reli

e

Justin, b. xxxix. c. 1, and 2; Joseph. Antiq. b. xiii. c. 17. · Joseph. Antiq. b. xiii. c. 17.

e This Cleopatra was the daughter of Ptolemy Philometer, king of Egypt, and Cleopatra his wife. She was at first married to Alexander Balas, and afterwards to this Demetrius, in her father's lifetime. While Demetrius was detained a prisoner in Parthia, she became the wife of his brother Antiochus Sidetes; but, upon the death of Sidetes, the restoration of Demetrius, and recovery of his kingdom, she returned to his bed again, but never had any great esteem for him, because in his captivity he had married the daughter of the king of Parthia.-Prideaux's Connection, anno 127.

d The word baris, which is originally Chaldee, signifies properly a house, or castle, inclosed on every side, as this was encompassed with the wall which Simon built to stop the communication between the temple and the fortress of Acre. Here it was that Hyrcanus built an apartment, for the safe keeping of his pontifical robes and ornaments, whenever he undressed himself; and here the Asmonean princes took up their abode, and made it their royal palace, until Hercd ascended the throne, and having rebuilt, enlarged, and beautified it, gave it the name of Antonia, in honour of his friend M. Antony.-Universal History, b. ii. c. 11.

e Among the Jews there were two sorts of proselytes, namely, the proselytes of the gate, and the proselytes of justice. 1. The proselytes of the gate, were so called, because they were permitted to dwell with the Jews in the same cities, and the occasion of their name seems to have been taken from that expression in the fourth commandment, 'the strangers which are within thy gates: where the word ger, which we render strangers, does every

A. M.3941. A.C.163; OR, ACCORDING TO HALES, A. M. 5247. A.C. 164. IMAC, v.1.JOS. HIST.b.xii.c.14-END OF MAC.JOS. HIST. b. xiii. c.19